Revision 937990010 of "List of rulers of Belarus" on enwiki

History of [[Belarus]]ian states can be traced far to [[Principality of Polotsk]]. From 13th century lands of modern Belarus were a major part of the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]] which later became part of the [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]]. In 19th century Belarus together with [[Lithuania]] formed the [[Northwestern Krai]] of [[Russian Empire]]. At the beginning of the 20th century there was the short-lived [[Belarusian People's Republic]], and in 1922 Belarus became part of the [[USSR]] as [[Belarusian SSR]] except [[West Belarus]], which was under [[Second Polish Republic|Polish]] rule, which was briefly interrupted due to Soviet occupation during the [[Polish-Soviet War]]. In 1991, Belarus regained its independence.

==Pre-Rurikid rulers==

===Non-dynastic===

* Vespasius
*[[Ragvalod of Polotsk|Ragvalod I]] (? - 980)

==Rurikid Belarus==

In 978, with the marriage of [[Rogneda of Polotsk|Rogneda]], daughter of Ragvalod, with [[Vladimir I of Kiev]], the [[Principality of Polotsk]] became property of the [[Rurik Dynasty]]. It was ruled by Rurikid members until the second half of the 14th century, when it was taken by the [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]].
Between 978 and 1101, the Principality of Polotsk's domain was uncontested in the majority of the Belarusian territory. Polotsk possibly reached the peak of its influence with the access of [[Vseslav the Seer]] to the [[Kievan Rus'|Kievan throne]], but at the death of the latter Polotsk was split in three smaller principalities: a smaller Polotsk, the [[Principality of Minsk]] and the [[Principality of Vitebsk]].

===[[Rurik Dynasty]]===

The [[Rurik Dynasty|Rurikids]] were descendants of [[Rurik]] (''Hrørekr''), a [[Varangians|Varangian]] pagan [[konung]] or chieftain, who supposedly was of haplogroup [[Haplogroup N (Y-DNA)|N1c1]], which is common among [[Finno-Ugric peoples]] and not so rare in Baltic region.<ref name=genealogy>
[http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~mozhayski/teksty/ydna.html DNA Testing of the Rurikid and Gediminid Princes]</ref>

{| width=95% class="wikitable"
! width=20% | Portrait
! width=8% | Name
! width=15% | Born
! width=7% | Reign
! width=16% | Marriage (s)
! width=16% | Death
! width=13% | Notes
|-
|align="center"|'''[[Vladimir the Great|Vladimir I the Great]]'''<br/><small>''Vladimir Basil Sviatoslavich''</small><br />''(Володимир Великий/Володимѣръ Свѧтославичь)''<br/>[[Old Norse]]: ''Valdamarr Sveinaldsson''
|align="center"|[[File:Vladimir-I-Sviatoslavich.jpg|100px]]
|align="center"|c.958<br/>[[Budyatychi]]<br/>Son of [[Sviatoslav I of Kiev|Sviatoslav I the Brave]] and [[Malusha|Malusha/Malfrida]]
|align="center"| 978-987
|align="center"| Olava/Allogia<br/>c.977<br/>at least one son<br/><br/>A [[Greece|Greek]] nun <br/><small>(widow of his brother)</small><br/>c.980<br/>at least one son<br/><br/>[[Rogneda of Polotsk]]<br/>c.978<br/><small>(possibly in bigamy)</small><br/>eight children<br/><br/>Adela (of Bulgaria?)<br/>at least two children (maximum four)<br/><br/>[[Malfrida|Malfrida (of Bohemia?)]]<br/>Before 1000<br/>two children<br/><br/>[[Anna Porphyrogenita|Anna Porphyrogenita of Byzantium]]<br/>988<br/>[[Cherson (theme)|Cherson]]<br/>three children<br/><br/>Regelindis (?) of Saxony <small>(granddaughter of [[Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor]])</small><br/>After 1011<br/>one or two daughters<br/><br/>''Unknown''<br/>two children
|align="center"| 15 July 1015<br/>[[Berestove]], [[Kiev]] <br/>aged 57–58
| His early rule is characterized by a staunch pagan reaction but in 988 he was baptized into Orthodoxy and successfully converted [[Kievan Rus']] to Christianity. In 987 gave Polotsk to his son Iziaslav.
|-
|align="center"|'''[[Rogneda of Polotsk|Rogneda]]'''<br/><small>{{Script/Slavonic|Рогнѣдь}}<ref>Лаўр., 56;</ref><ref>Іпац., 53;</ref> </small><br/>[[Old Norse]]:<ref>''Рыдзевская Е. А.'' Древняя Русь и Скандинавия IX—XIV вв. / Отв. ред. И. П. Шаскольский // Древнейшие государства на территории СССР. Материалы и исследования. 1978 г. — М.: Наука, 1978. — 240 с.</ref><ref>''Джаксон Т. Н.'' Глава 8. «Palteskja ok þat ríki allt, er þar liggr til» // Austr í Görðum: древнерусские топонимы в древнескандинавских источниках. — М.: Языки русской культуры, 2001.</ref><ref>''Duczko W.'' Ruś Wikingów. Historia obecności Skandynawów we wczesnośredniowiecznej Europie Wschodniej. — Warszawa, 2007. — S. 108.</ref> ''Ragnheiðr<ref>Рогнедь // Этимологический словарь русского языка / М. Р. Фасмер. — М.: Прогресс, 1964—1973.</ref><ref>''Михеев С. М.'' Легенда о Владимире и Рогнеде и скандинавская традиция (к параллели с легендой о сыновьях Хейдрека) // Именослов. История языка. История культуры. — СПб., 2010. (Труды Центра славяно-германских исследований. I.) — С. 169—179.</ref> Ragnvaldsdotter''
|align="center"|[[File:Anton Losenko. Vladimir and Rogneda.jpg|100px]]
|align="center"|c.966<br/>Daughter of [[Ragvalod of Polotsk|Ragvalod I]] 
|align="center"| 987-1000
|align="center"| [[Vladimir the Great|Vladimir I the Great]]<br/>c.978<br/>eight children
|align="center"| 1000<br/>aged 33–34
|Co-ruling with her son, Iziaslav I.<ref name="ReferenceA">As was the Norse royal custom, she was sent with her elder son to govern the land of her parents, i.e. Polotsk.</ref>
|-
|align="center"|'''[[Izyaslav of Polotsk|Iziaslav I]]'''<br/><small>''Изѧславъ''</small>
|align="center"|[[File:Iziasłaŭ, Rahnieda, Volodymyr. Ізяслаў, Рагнеда, Володимир.jpg|100px]]
|align="center"|c.978<br/>[[Kiev]]<br/>Son of [[Vladimir I of Kiev]] and [[Rogneda of Polotsk]]
|align="center"| 987-1001
|align="center"| ''Unknown''<br/>two children
|align="center"| 1001<br/>[[Polotsk]]<br/>aged 22–23
| Co-ruling with his mother, Rogneda.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>
|-
|align="center"|''<small>[[Izgoi]]</small>'' '''[[Vseslav Iziaslavich of Polotsk|Vseslav I]]'''<br/><small>Всеславъ сн҃ъ Изѧславль</small>
|align="center"|
|align="center"|c.990<br/>First son of [[Izyaslav of Polotsk|Iziaslav I]]
|align="center"| 1001-1003
|align="center"| ''Unmarried''
|align="center"| 1003<br/>[[Polotsk]]<br/>aged c.12-13
| An izgoi (orphan protected by the church), inherited the Principality, but died still as a minor.
|-
|align="center"|''<small>[[Izgoi]]</small>'' '''[[Bryachislav of Polotsk|Bryachislav I]]'''<br/><small>Брѧчиславъ сн҃ъ Изѧславль</small>
|align="center"| [[File:Bračysłaŭ. Брачыслаў (XV).jpg|100px]]
|align="center"|c.997<br/>Second son of [[Izyaslav of Polotsk|Iziaslav I]]
|align="center"| 1003-1044
|align="center"| ''Unknown''<br/>at least one son
|align="center"| 1044<br/>[[Polotsk]]<br/>aged 46–47
|An izgoi until his majority (c.1011), inherited the Principality from his minor brother. Challenged the authority of his uncle, [[Yaroslav the Wise]].
|-
|align="center"|''<small>[[Izgoi]]</small>'' '''[[Vseslav of Polotsk|Vseslav II the Seer]]'''<br/><small>''Vseslav Basil Bryacheslavich''</small><br/>''(Всеслав Брячиславич)''
|align="center"| [[File:Я. Драздовіч Пярсцёнак князя Усяслава Чарадзея.jpg|100px]]
|align="center"| c.1039<br/>[[Polotsk]]<br/>Son of [[Bryachislav of Polotsk]]
|align="center"| 1044-1069<br/>1071-1102
|align="center"| ''Unknown''<br/>six sons
|align="center"| 24 April 1101<br/>[[Polotsk]]<br/>aged 61–62
| An izgoi until his majority (c.1055), followed the politic of his father, and reached, in 1068, the status of Prince of the [[Kievan Rus']], being deposed in the following year. Was also deposed from Polotsk, which was ruled by the sons of [[Iziaslav I of Kiev]] until 1071. After his death, Polotsk was divided between his sons.
|-
|align="center"|'''[[Mstislav Iziaslavich|Mstislav I]]'''<br/><small>''Mstislav Iziaslavich''</small><br/>''(Мстислав Изяславич)''
|align="center"| 
|align="center"| After 1043<br/>First son of [[Iziaslav I of Kiev]] and [[Gertrude of Poland]]
|align="center"| 1069
|align="center"| ''Unknown''<br/>at least one son
|align="center"| 1069<br/>less than 25-26
| Dethroned Vseslav the Seer, but died in the same year.
|-
|align="center"|'''[[Sviatopolk II of Kiev|Sviatopolk I]]'''<br/><small>''Sviatopolk Michael Iziaslavich''</small><br/>''(Всеволод Ярославич)''<br/>[[Old Norse]]: ''Sveinpolk Izjasleifsson (?)''
|align="center"| [[File:14 History Of Russia by William Tooke.jpg|100px]]
|align="center"| 8 November 1050<br/>Second son of [[Iziaslav I of Kiev]] and [[Gertrude of Poland]]
|align="center"| 1069-1071
|align="center"| ''Unknown name''<br/><small>''(daughter of [[Spytihněv II, Duke of Bohemia|Spytihněv II of Bohemia]])''</small><ref>According to A. Nazarenko. It was thought not long ago that the first wife of Sviatopolk was Barbara Komnene, a supposed daughter of [[Alexios I Komnenos]]. However, the lack of tradition of such a name in the [[Byzantine Empire]] led to doubt. Today she may be considered fictional.</ref><br/>c.1085<br/>three children<br/><br/>Olenna of the [[Kipchaks]]<br/>c.1094<br/>four children
|align="center"| 26 April 1113<br/>[[Vyshhorod]]<br/>aged 62
| His descendants lost their rights to the Kievan throne. Kept the Polotsk throne until 1071, when Vseslav took it back. 
|-
|}

===Decline of the Principality of Polotsk===

On the death of Vseslav the Seer, the Principality was divided between his sons and descendants, in three major principalities:

{{legend2|#AABBCC|[[Principality of Polotsk]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#CCBBAA|[[Principality of Minsk]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
{{legend2|#BBCCAA|[[Principality of Vitebsk]]|border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}

====[[Rurik Dynasty]]====
<small>(Note:The list follows one single numbering for all principalities, and continues the previous table.)</small>
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor=#cccccc
! colspan=2 | Ruler!!Born!!Reign!!Death!!Ruling part!!Consort!!Notes
|-bgcolor=#CCBBAA
|[[Gleb Vseslavich|Gleb I]]||[[File:Hleb Mienski (silver coin, reverse).gif|80px]] ||1060||1101-1119||13 September 1119||[[Principality of Minsk|Minsk]] || Anastasia of Turov-Pinsk<br/>1090<br/>four children||Son of Vseslav II. After his death his Principality was ruled by the Princes of Kiev, until 1146.
|-bgcolor=#AABBCC
|[[Rogvolod Vseslavich|Rogvolod II Boris I]]||[[File:Rahvałod-Barys (Połacak). Рагвалод-Барыс (Полацак).jpg|80px]] ||Before 1101||1101-1128||1128||[[Principality of Polotsk|Polotsk]] || ''Unknown''<br/>three children||Son of Vseslav II.
|-bgcolor=#BBCCAA
|[[Sviatoslav Vseslavich|Sviatoslav I]]|| ||Before 1101||1101-1129||1129||[[Principality of Vitebsk|Vitebsk]] || Sophia (Komnene?)<br/>five children||Son of Vseslav II. Between 1129 and 1132 Vitebsk was ruled by Kiev.
|-bgcolor=#CCBBAA
|[[Vladimir II Monomakh]]||[[File:Vladimir-II-Vsevolodovich Monomakh.jpg|80px]] ||1053||1119-1125||19 May 1125||[[Principality of Minsk|Minsk]] ||[[Gytha of Wessex]]<br/>c.1074<br/>five or six children<br/><br/>Euphemia of Byzantium<br/>c.1100<br/>six or seven children<br/><br/>''Unknown name''<br/><small>''(daughter of Aepa Ocenevich, Khan in [[Cumania]])''</small><br/>After 1107<br/>no known children || Son of Vsevolod I of Kiev. Also Prince of the Kievan Rus'.
|-bgcolor=
|rowspan="2"|[[Mstislav I of Kiev|Mstislav II ''the Great'']]
|rowspan="2"|[[File:Mstislav I of Kiev (Tsarskiy titulyarnik).jpg|80px]] 
|rowspan="2"|1 June 1076
|bgcolor=#CCBBAA|1125-1129
|rowspan="2"|14 April 1132
|bgcolor=#CCBBAA|[[Principality of Minsk|Minsk]] 
|rowspan="2"|[[Christina Ingesdotter of Sweden|Christina of Sweden]]<br/>1095<br/>ten children<br/><br/>Liubava Dmitrievna of Novgorod<br/>1122<br/>two children
|rowspan="2"| Also Prince of the Kievan Rus'.
|-bgcolor=
||1129-1132||[[Principality of Minsk|Minsk]] and [[Principality of Vitebsk|Vitebsk]] 
|-bgcolor=#AABBCC
|[[David Vseslavich|David I]]||[[File:Vseslav of Polotsk.jpg|80px]] ||Before 1101||1128-1129||1129||[[Principality of Polotsk|Polotsk]] || ''Unknown''<br/>three children||Son of Vseslav II.
|-bgcolor=#AABBCC
|[[Iziaslav II of Kiev|Iziaslav II]]||[[File:20 History Of Russia by William Tooke.jpg|80px]] ||1096<ref name="Monomakh branch Mstyslavychi"/>||1129-1132||13 November 1154<ref name="Monomakh branch Mstyslavychi"/>||[[Principality of Polotsk|Polotsk]] || Agnes of Germany<br/>before 1151<br/>five children<br/><br/>Rusudan of Georgia<ref name="Monomakh branch Mstyslavychi"/><br/>1154<br/>no children||Son of Mstislav I of Kiev. Also Prince of Kiev. Occupied Polotsk.
|-bgcolor=#CCBBAA
|[[Yaropolk II of Kiev|Yaropolk I]]||[[File:Yaropolk II Vladimirovich.jpg|80px]] ||1082||1132–1139||18 February 1139||[[Principality of Minsk|Minsk]] || Helena of Ossetia<br/>1116<br/>one child||Brother of Mstislav II. Also Prince of Kiev.
|-bgcolor=#AABBCC
|[[Sviatopolk of Pskov|Sviatopolk II]]||||After 1096||1132||20 February 1154||[[Principality of Polotsk|Polotsk]] || Euphemia of Olomouc<ref>Л.Войтович [http://litopys.org.ua/index.html КНЯЗІВСЬКІ ДИНАСТІЇ СХІДНОЇ ЄВРОПИ]</ref><br/>1143 or 1144<br/>no children||Brother of his predecessor. Also Prince of Novgorod and Pskov.
|-bgcolor=
|[[Vasilko Sviatoslavich|Vasilko I Sviatoslavich]]||||?||1132-1144||1144||[[Principality of Polotsk|Polotsk]] and [[Principality of Vitebsk|Vitebsk]]|| ''Unknown''<br/>seven children||Son of Sviatoslav of Vitebsk, who was son of Vseslav II.
|-bgcolor=#CCBBAA
|[[Vyacheslav of Kiev|Viacheslav I]]||[[File:18 History Of Russia by William Tooke.jpg|80px]] ||1083||1139||2 February 1154||[[Principality of Minsk|Minsk]] || ''Unmarried''<br/>before 1139<br/>one child|| Brother of his predecessor. Also Prince of Kiev.
|-bgcolor=#CCBBAA
|[[Vsevolod II of Kiev|Vsevolod I]]||[[File:Vsevolod II Olgovich.jpg|80px]] ||1104||1139-1146||1 August 1146||[[Principality of Minsk|Minsk]] || Maria of Rus'<br/>1116<br/>one child||Grandson of Sviatoslav II of Rus', married Maria, sister of Mstislav I, Yaropolk II and Viacheslav I. Also Prince of Kiev.
|-bgcolor=#AABBCC
|[[Rogvolod Borisovich|Rogvolod III Vassili]]||||?||1144-1151<br><br>1159-1162||After 1171||[[Principality of Polotsk|Polotsk]] || ''Unknown''<br/>five children||Son of Rogvolod II.
|-bgcolor=
|rowspan="3"|[[Rostislav Glebovich|Rostislav I Glebovich]]
|rowspan="3"|
|rowspan="3"|?
|bgcolor=#CCBBAA|1146-1151
|rowspan="3"|1165
|bgcolor=#CCBBAA|[[Principality of Minsk|Minsk]] 
|rowspan="3"| Sophia of Volhynia<br/>before 1158<br/>seven children
|rowspan="3"|Son of Gleb I.
|-bgcolor=#AABBCC
||1151-1159||[[Principality of Polotsk|Polotsk]]
|-bgcolor=#CCBBAA
||1159-1165||[[Principality of Minsk|Minsk]]
|-bgcolor=
|rowspan="3"|[[Volodar Glebovich|Volodar I Glebovich]]
|rowspan="3"|
|rowspan="3"|c.1090
|bgcolor=#CCBBAA|1151-1159<br><br>1165-1167
|rowspan="3"|c.1180
|bgcolor=#CCBBAA|[[Principality of Minsk|Minsk]] 
|rowspan="3"| [[Richeza of Poland, Queen of Sweden|Richeza of Poland]]<br/>1135 or 1136<br/>three children
|rowspan="3"|Brother of his predecessor. The inheritance of his heir (Vladimir Volodarovich) to Polotsk made a possible reunion of the two principalities.
|-bgcolor=
||1167||[[Principality of Polotsk|Polotsk]] and [[Principality of Minsk|Minsk]] 
|-bgcolor=#CCBBAA
||1167-c.1180||[[Principality of Minsk|Minsk]] 
|-bgcolor=
|rowspan="3"|[[Vseslav Vasilkovich|Vseslav III Vasilkovich]]
|rowspan="3"|
|rowspan="3"|?
|bgcolor=#BBCCAA|1144-1162
|rowspan="3"|1186
|bgcolor=#BBCCAA|[[Principality of Vitebsk|Vitebsk]] 
|rowspan="3"| ''Unknown''<br/>three children
|rowspan="3"|Son of Vasilko I. 
|-bgcolor=#AABBCC
||1162-1167<br><br>1167-c.1180||[[Principality of Polotsk|Polotsk]]
|-bgcolor=#BBCCAA
||1175-1178<br><br>1181-1186||[[Principality of Vitebsk|Vitebsk]]
|-bgcolor=#BBCCAA
|[[Roman Bryachislavich|Roman I Bryachislavich]]||||?||1162-1165||1186||[[Principality of Vitebsk|Vitebsk]] || ''Unknown''<br/>three children||Kinsman of his predecessor.
|-bgcolor=#BBCCAA
|[[David Rostislavich|David II]]|| ||1140||1165-1167||23 April 1197||[[Principality of Vitebsk|Vitebsk]] || ''Unknown''<br/>three children||Son of Vseslav II.
|-bgcolor=#BBCCAA
|[[Bryacheslav Vasilkovich of Vitebsk|Bryachislav II Vasilkovich]]||||?||1167-1175<br><br>1178-1181||After 1186||[[Principality of Vitebsk|Vitebsk]] || ''Unknown''<br/>two children||Brother of Vseslav III. 
|-bgcolor=#AABBCC
|[[Boris Davidovich|Boris II Davidovich]]||||?||c.1180-c.1185||c.1185||[[Principality of Polotsk|Polotsk]] || ''Unknown''<br/>five children<br/><br/>Sviatocna (Elisabeth?) of Pomerania<br/>one child||Son of David Sviatoslavich of Vitebsk, who was grandson of Vseslav II.
|-bgcolor=
|rowspan="2"|[[Vladimir Volodarovich|Vladimir III Volodarovich]]
|rowspan="2"|
|rowspan="2"|Between 1135 and 1150
|bgcolor=#CCBBAA|c.1180-1216
|rowspan="2"|1216
|bgcolor=#CCBBAA|[[Principality of Minsk|Minsk]] 
|rowspan="2"| ''Unknown''
|rowspan="4"|Son of Volodar I Glebovich. Possibly co-ruling in Minsk with his brother, who after his death and subsequent annexation of Minsk, succeeded in Polotsk.
|-bgcolor=
||c.1185-1216||[[Principality of Polotsk|Polotsk]] and [[Principality of Minsk|Minsk]] 
|-bgcolor=
|rowspan="2"|[[Vasilko Volodarovich|Vasilko II Volodarovich]]
|rowspan="2"|
|rowspan="2"|Between 1135 and 1150
|bgcolor=#CCBBAA|c.1180-1216
|rowspan="2"|1222
|bgcolor=#CCBBAA|[[Principality of Minsk|Minsk]] 
|rowspan="2"| ''Unknown''
|-bgcolor=#AABBCC
||1216-1222||[[Principality of Polotsk|Polotsk]] 
|-bgcolor=#BBCCAA
|[[Vasilko Bryachislavich|Vasilko III Bryachislavich]]||||?||1186-1221||c.1221||[[Principality of Vitebsk|Vitebsk]] || ''Unknown''<br/>two children|
|-bgcolor=#AABBCC
|[[Sviatoslav Mstislavich|Sviatoslav II Mstislavich]]||||?||1222-1232||1239||[[Principality of Polotsk|Polotsk]] || ''Unknown''||Son of Mstislav III of Kiev.
|-bgcolor=
|rowspan="2"|[[Bryacheslav Vasilkovich of Polotsk|Bryachislav III Vasilkovich]]
|rowspan="2"|
|rowspan="2"|?
|bgcolor=#BBCCAA|1221-1232
|rowspan="2"|c.1255
|bgcolor=#BBCCAA|[[Principality of Vitebsk|Vitebsk]] 
|rowspan="2"| ''Unknown''<br/>five children 
|rowspan="2"|Son of Vasilko Bryachislavich. In 1232 lost Vitebsk to Lithuania, and after his death also Polotsk.
|-bgcolor=#AABBCC
||1232-c.1255||[[Principality of Polotsk|Polotsk]] 
|}

====Lithuanian Princes of Polotsk====

;[[Palemonids|Palemonid]] dynasty
*[[Mingayl]] (Mingaila) (? – 1192)
*[[Ginwill]] (1192–1199)
*[[Boris II of Polotsk]] (1199 – 12??)
*[[Gleb of Polotsk]] (12?? - 12??)
*[[Iziaslav of Polotsk]] (12?? – 1281)
*[[Daumont of Lithuania|Daumont]] (1281–1285)
;[[Gediminids|Gediminid]] dynasty
*[[Vainius]] (1315 – 13??)
*[[Narimont]] (Narimantas) (13?? - 13??)
*[[Lubart]] (Liubartas) (13?? – 1342)
*[[Wigund]] (Vygantas, Andrius; son of [[Olgierd]] (Algirdas)) (1342–1387)
*[[Skirgaila|Skirhajla]] (1387–1397)

==Grand Dukes of [[Grand Duchy of Lithuania]]==

Title: [[Grand Duke]] ("Вялікі князь" in [[Belarusian language|Belarusian]], "Wielki książę" in [[Polish language|Polish]], "[[Kunigaikštis]]" or "Didysis Kunigaikštis" in [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]])
{{see also|List of rulers of Lithuania}}
*[[Mindaugas]] 1236 - 1263
*[[Treniota]] 1263–1264
*[[Vaišelga]] (Vojszalak, Vaišelga, Vaishyalga, Vaišalgas, Woyszwiłk) 1264 - 1267
*[[švarnas]] (Shvarno, Švarnas, Ioann) 1267–1269
*[[Traidenis]] (Traidenis) 1269–1282
*[[Daumantas of Lithuania]] (Dowmont, Daumantas) 1281–1285
*[[Butigeidis]] (Butigeidis) 1285 – ca. 1291
*[[Butvydas]] (Pukuwer, Butvydas) ca. 1291 – ca. 1295
*[[Vytenis]] (Vytenis) 1295–1316
*[[Gediminas]] (Giedymin, Gediminas) 1316–1341
*[[Jaunutis]] (Jewnut, Jawnut, Jaunutis) 1341–1345
*[[Algirdas]] (Olgierd, Algirdas) 1345–1377
*[[Jogaila]] (Władysław II Jagiełło, Jogaila) 1377–1381, 1382–1392, also crowned as the [[History of Poland (1385-1569)|Polish]] King
*[[Kęstutis]] (Kejstut, Kęstutis) 1381–1382
*[[Vytautas Didysis]] (Witold, Vitawt, Vytautas) 1392–1430
*[[Švitrigaila]] (Świdrygiełło, Švitrigaila) 1430–1432
*[[Žygimantas Kęstutaitis]] (Žyhimont I Kejstutavicz, Sigismund Kestutian, Žygimantas I Kęstutaitis, Zygimont Kejstutavicz) September 1, 1432 – 1440
*[[Kazimieras Jogailaitis]] (Kazimierz IV Jagiellończyk, Kazimieras I Jogailaitis) 1440–1492 also crowned as the [[History of Poland (1385-1569)|Polish]] King
*[[Aleksandras Jogailaitis]] (Alaksandr, Aleksander Jagiellończyk, Aleksandras I) 1492–1506 also crowned as the [[History of Poland (1385-1569)|Polish]] King
*[[Žygimantas Senasis]] (Žyhimont II Stary, Zygmunt I Stary, Žygimantas II Senasis) 1505–1548 also crowned as the [[History of Poland (1385-1569)|Polish]] King
*[[Žygimantas Augustas]] (Žyhimont III Aŭhust, Zygmunt II August, Žygimantas III Augustas) 1545–1572 also crowned as the [[History of Poland (1385-1569)|Polish]] King

==Elected kings of [[Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth]]==
*[[Henry III of France|Henri Valois]] (1572–1573)
*[[Stefan Batory]] (1576–1586)
*[[Sigismund III Vasa]] (1587–1632)
*[[Ladislaus IV of Poland]] (1632–1648)
*[[John II of Poland]] (1648–1668)
*[[Michael Korybut Wisniowiecki]] (1672–1673)
*[[John III of Poland]] (1675–1696)
*[[August II of Poland]] (1697–1704)
*[[Stanisław Leszczyński]] (1704–1709) 
*[[August II of Poland]] (1704–1733)
*[[Stanisław Leszczyński]] (1733) 
*[[August III of Poland]] (1733–1763)
*[[Stanisław August Poniatowski]]  (1764–1795)

==General-Governors of [[Northwestern Krai]] of the [[Russian Empire]]==
{{Empty section|date=July 2010}}

==Leaders of Belarus since 1918==

===[[Belarusian People's Republic]] (1918–1920)===

====Chairmen of the Rada====
*[[Jan Sierada|Ivan Mikitavich Syerada]] (9 March – May 1918)

====Chairman of the Provisional Revolutionary Workers–and–Peasants' Soviet Government====
*[[Zmicier Zhylunovich]] (1 January – 4 February 1919)

====Chairmen of the Central Executive Committee====
*[[Aleksandr Fyodorovich Myasnikov]] (4–27 February 1919)
*[[Pyotra Krecheuski|Pyotr Antonavich Krechewski]] (13 December 1919 – November 1920) (Chairman of Government)
*[[Jan Sierada|Jan Mikitavich Syerada]] (December 1919 – July 1920) (Rival Government)

===[[Belarusian People's Republic]] in Exile (1920–present)===

====Presidents====
(In [[Vilnius]] to 1925, then in [[Prague]], presently in Canada)
*[[Pyotra Krecheuski|Pyotr Antonavich Krechewski]] (November 1920 – 8 March 1928)
*[[Vasil Zakharka|Vasil Ivanavich Zakharka]] (8 March 1928 – 6 March 1943)
*[[Mikola Abramchyk|Mikalay Syamyonavich Abramchyk]] (6 March 1943 – 29 May 1970)
*[[Vintsent Zhuk-Hryshkyevich|Vikentsiy Zhuk-Hryshkyevich]] (May 1970 – November 1982)
*[[Jazep Sazhych]] (November 1982&ndash;1997)
*[[Barys Rahula]] (1997) (acting)
*[[Ivonka Survilla|Ivonka J. Symaniec-Survilla]] (1997&ndash;present)

===[[West Belarus]] under [[Second Polish Republic|Polish]] rule (1919-1939)===

*[[Józef Piłsudski]] as Chief of State (14 November 1918 – 11 December 1922)
*[[Gabriel Narutowicz]] (11 December 1922 – 16 December 1922)
*[[Maciej Rataj]] (acting) (16 December 1922 – 22 December 1922)
*Stanisław Wojciechowski (22 December 1922 – 14 May 1926)
*[[Maciej Rataj]] (acting) (14 May 1926 – 4 June 1926)
*[[Ignacy Mościcki]] (4 June 1926 – 30 September 1939)

===[[Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic]] (1920–1991)===

====First secretaries of the Byelorussian Communist Party====
*[[Vilgelm Knorinsh]] (9 August 1920&ndash;1923) (1st time)
*[[Aleksandr Osatkin-Vladimirsky]] (1923&ndash;1924)
*[[Aleksandr Krinitsky]] (13 May 1924 – 22 December 1925)
*[[Nikolay Goloded]] (22 December 1925 – 7 May 1927)
*[[Vilgelm Knorinsh]] (7 May 1927 – 4 December 1928) (2nd time)
*[[Yakov Gamarnik]] (4 December 1928 – 3 January 1930)
*[[Konstantin Gey]] (3 January 1930 – 18 January 1932)
*[[Nikolay Gikalo]] (18 January 1932 – 18 March 1937)
*[[Vasily Sharangovich]] (18 March – 17 July 1937)
*[[Yakov Yakovlev]] (27 July – 8 August 1937) (acting)
*[[Aleksei Alekseyevich Volkov]] (11 August 1937 – 18 June 1938)
*[[Panteleimon Ponomarenko]] (18 June 1938 – 7 March 1947) (in exile in [[Russian SFSR]] since June 1941 until 1944)
*[[Nikolai Gusarov]] (7 March 1947 – 31 May 1950)
*[[Nikolai Patolichev]] (31 May 1950 – 8 March 1953) (1st time)
*[[Ivan Klimov]] (1952–1953) (b. 1903 – d. 1991)  
*[[Mikhail Zimyanin]] (8 March – 25 June 1953)
*[[Nikolai Patolichev]] (25 June 1953 – 28 July 1956) (2nd time)
*[[Kirill Mazurov]] (28 July 1956 –30 March 1965)
*[[Pyotr Masherov]] (30 March 1965 – 4 October 1980)
*[[Tikhon Kiselyov]] (15 October 1980 – 11 January 1983)
*[[Nikolay Slyunkov]] (13 January 1983 – 6 February 1988)
*[[Yefrem Sokolov]] (6 February 1988 – 30 November 1990)
*[[Anatoly Malofeyev]] (30 November 1990 – August 1991)

===[[Republic of Belarus]] (1991–Present)===

====Chairmen of the Supreme Soviet====
*[[Stanislav Shushkevich]] (15 August 1991 – 26 January 1994) (acting to 18 September 1991)
*[[Vyacheslav Nikolayevich Kuznetsov]] (26–28 January 1994) (acting)
*[[Myechyslaw Hryb]] (28 January – 20 July 1994)

====President====
*[[Alexander Lukashenko]] (20 July 1994 – present)

==See also==
*[[List of national leaders of Belarus]]
*[[President of Belarus]]
*[[Prime Minister of Belarus]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
*{{cite web
|url=http://www.worldstatesmen.org/Belarus.html
|work=worldstatesmen.org
|title=Rulers of Belarus
|accessdate=2006-03-21}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050224230315/http://rydel.net/litvania/radavod.php Grand Dukes of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania]

{{Years in Belarus}}

[[Category:Belarusian rulers| ]]
[[Category:Lists of European rulers|Belarusian]]
[[Category:Belarus-related lists|Rulers]]
[[Category:Belarus politics-related lists|Rulers]]