Revision 983460 of "Acetone" on enwiki

[[nl:aceton]]
In [[chemistry]], '''acetone''' (also known as '''dimethyl ketone''' or '''2-propanone''')
is the simplest representative of the [[ketone]]s. Its [[chemical formula]] is  [[Carbon|C]][[Hydrogen|H]]<sub>3</sub>(C[[Oxygen|O]])CH<sub>3</sub> and its structure is

[[image:acetone.png]]

Acetone is a colourless mobile flammable liquid of a pleasant, somewhat fruity smell, melting at -95.4&nbsp;&deg;[[Celsius|C]] and boiling at 56.53&nbsp;&deg;C. It has a [[specific gravity]] of 0.819 (at 0&nbsp;&deg;C). It is readily soluble in [[water]], [[ethanol]], [[ether]], etc., and itself serves as an important [[solvent]]. 
The most familiar household use of acetone is as the active ingredient in nail-polish remover.

As a member of the [[ketone bodies]] it is present in very small quantity in normal [[urine]] and in the [[blood]]. Larger quantities can be found after starvation and in untreated [[diabetes|diabetic]] patients; a fruity smell of the breath caused by acetone is one symptom of diabetes.

It is found among the products formed in destructive distillation of [[wood]], [[sugar]], [[cellulose]], etc., and for this reason it is always present in crude wood [[spirit]], from which the greater portion of it may be recovered by [[fractional distillation]].  

It forms a [[hydrazone]] with [[phenyl]] [[hydrazine]] and an [[oxime]] with [[hydroxylamine]]. Reduction by [[sodium]] [[amalgam]] converts it into [[isopropyl alcohol]]; oxidation by [[chromic acid]] gives [[carbon dioxide]] and acetic acid. It reacts with [[ammonia]] to form di- and triacetoneamines. It also unites directly with [[hydrocyanic]] acid to form the [[nitrile]] of &alpha;-oxyiso[[butyric acid]]. 

By the action of various reagents, such as [[lime]], caustic [[potash]], [[hydrochloric acid]], etc., acetone is converted into [[condensation]] products, [[mesityl]] oxide C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O, phorone C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>14</sub>O, etc., being formed. On distillation with sulphuric acid (H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>), it is converted into [[mesitylene]] C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>12</sub> (symmetrical trimethyl benzene). Acetone has also been used in the artificial production of [[indigo]]. In the presence of [[iodine]] and an [[alkali]] it gives [[iodoform]].