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Keynote lectures/Craters by radiation
[[Image:Chain of impact craters on Ganymede.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The image shows a chain of craters on Ganymede. Credit: Galileo Project, Brown University, JPL, NASA.]]
A '''crater''' may be any large, roughly circular, depression or hole in or beneath the rocky surface of a rocky object.

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Mariner&nbsp;10 provided the first close-up images of Mercury's surface, which immediately showed its heavily cratered nature

At right is an example of catena on Mercury.
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==Venus==

{{main|Venus}}⏎
[[Image:Mgn p39146.png|thumb|right|250px|Impact craters on the surface of Venus (image reconstructed from radar data) are shown. Credit: NASA.]]
The absence of evidence of lava flow accompanying any of the visible caldera remains an enigma. The planet has few impact craters.

After the Venera missions were completed, the prime meridian was redefined to pass through the central peak in the crater Ariadne.<ref>{{ cite book
|url=http://astrogeology.usgs.gov/Projects/WGCCRE/constants/iau2000_table1.html
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