Difference between revisions 2170985 and 2240172 on enwikiversity

[[Image:Skylab-73-HC-440HR.jpg|thumb|right|250px|The Saturn V SA-513 lifts off to boost the Skylab Orbital Workshop into Earth orbit on March 14, 1973. Credit: NASA.]]
Astronomy is performed by location and is subject to local conditions. The shapes and sizes of observatories have changed over time, as have their altitude. The motivations for putting an observatory manned or unmanned at different altitudes has led to a great variety in '''lofting technology'''.
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Since the first modern measurements of the precise cardinal orientations of the pyramids by [[w:Flinders Petrie|Flinders Petrie]], various astronomical methods have been proposed for the original establishment of these orientations.<ref name=Belmonte>{{cite journal
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|author=Belmonte, J. A.⏎
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|date=2001⏎
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|title= On the Orientation of Old Kingdom Egyptian Pyramids⏎
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|journal= Archaeoastronomy: Supplement to the Journal for the History of Astronomy⏎
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|volume=32  ⏎
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| issue = 26⏎
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|pages=S1–S20⏎
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|bibcode = 2001JHAS...32....1B  ⏎
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}}</ref><ref name=Neugebauer>{{cite journal⏎
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|last= Neugebauer⏎
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|first= Otto⏎
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| authorlink= Otto Neugebauer⏎
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|title= On the Orientation of Pyramids⏎
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|journal=Centaurus⏎
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| volume= 24⏎
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| pages= 1–3⏎
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| date= 1980⏎
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|doi= 10.1111/j.1600-0498.1980.tb00362.x  ⏎
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|bibcode = 1980Cent...24....1N  ⏎
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}}</ref> It was recently proposed that this was done by observing the positions of two stars in [[w:Ursa Major|the Plough / Big Dipper]] which was known to Egyptians as the thigh. It is thought that a vertical alignment between these two stars checked with a [[w:plumb bob|plumb bob]] was used to ascertain where North lay. The deviations from true North using this model reflect the accepted dates of construction.<ref name=Spence>{{cite journal⏎
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|author=Spence, K⏎
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|date=16 November 2000⏎
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|title=Ancient Egyptian Chronoology and the astronomical orientation of the pyramids  ⏎
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|journal=Nature  ⏎
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|volume= 408⏎
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|pages=320–324  ⏎
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|doi=10.1038/35042510  ⏎
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|pmid=11099032  ⏎
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|issue=6810⏎
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|bibcode = 2000Natur.408..320S  ⏎
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}}</ref> Some have argued that the pyramids were laid out as [[w:Graham Hancock#Orion Correlation Theory|a map of the three stars]] in the belt of Orion,<ref name=Hancock>{{cite book⏎
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|author=Hancock, G⏎
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|date=1996⏎
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|title=Fingerprints of the Gods⏎
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|publisher=New York: Three Rivers Press⏎
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|isbn=0-517-88729-0⏎
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}}</ref> although this theory has been criticized by reputable astronomers.<ref name="Fairall">{{cite journal|author=Anthony Patrick Fairall |date=1999 
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The '''Shuttle Radar Topography Mission''' ('''SRTM''') is an international research effort that obtained [[w:digital elevation model|digital elevation model]]s on a near-global scale from 56°&nbsp;S to 60°&nbsp;N,<ref name=NikP2>{{cite journal
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|last1=Nikolakopoulos  ⏎
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|first1=K. G.  ⏎
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|last2=Kamaratakis  ⏎
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|first2=E. K  ⏎
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|last3=Chrysoulakis  ⏎
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|first3=N.  ⏎
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|date=10 November 2006  ⏎
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|title=SRTM vs ASTER elevation products. Comparison for two regions in Crete, Greece  ⏎
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|journal=International Journal of Remote Sensing  ⏎
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|volume=27  ⏎
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|issue=21  ⏎
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|issn=0143-1161  ⏎
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|accessdate=March 10, 2010  ⏎
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|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721081314/http://www.iacm.forth.gr/_docs/pubs/4/Nikolakopoulos_et_al_2006.pdf  ⏎
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}}</ref> to generate the most complete high-resolution digital topographic database of Earth prior to the release of the [[w:ASTER GDEM|ASTER GDEM]] in 2009. SRTM consisted of a specially modified radar system that flew on board the [[w:Space Shuttle|Space Shuttle]] [[w:Space Shuttle Endeavour|Endeavour]] during the 11-day [[w:STS-99|STS-99]] mission in February 2000, based on the older ''Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar'' (SIR-C/X-SAR), previously used on(contracted; show full)
[[Image:Tour-v1-2.svg|thumb|left|250px|The primary mission trajectory of Voyager 1 is shown in the figure. Credit: .]]
'''''Pioneer 10''''' is a 258-kilogram [[w:Robotic spacecraft|robotic]] [[w:space probe|space probe]] that completed the first mission to the planet [[Jupiter/Keynote lecture|Jupiter]]<ref name=Fimmel>{{ cite book
  ⏎
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|title=SP-349/396 PIONEER ODYSSEY  ⏎
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|author=R. O. Fimmel, W. Swindell, and E. Burgess  ⏎
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|date=1974  ⏎
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|publisher=NASA-Ames Research Center  ⏎
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|url=http://history.nasa.gov/SP-349/ch8.htm  ⏎
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|accessdate=2011-01-09⏎
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}}</ref> and became the first spacecraft to achieve [[w:escape velocity|escape velocity]] from the [[w:Solar System|Solar System]].

Pioneer 10 was launched on March 2, 1972 by an [[w:Atlas-Centaur|Atlas-Centaur]] expendable vehicle from [[w:Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 36|Cape Canaveral]], [[w:Florida|Florida]]. Between July 15, 1972, and February 15, 1973, it became the first spacecraft to traverse the [[w:Asteroid belt#Exploration|asteroid belt]].

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