Difference between revisions 2365240 and 2372884 on enwikiversity

[[Image:Detectors summary 3.png|thumb|right|250px|This tree diagram shows the relationship between types and classification of most common particle detectors. Credit: [[commons:User:Wdcf|Wdcf]].]]
'''Radiation detectors''' provide a signal that is converted to an electric current. The device is designed so that the current provided is proportional to the characteristics of the incident radiation.

(contracted; show full)|title=Particle detector
|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation, Inc
|location=San Francisco, California
|date=25 January 2007
|url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_detector
|accessdate=2012-06-19 }}</ref> is called a '''radiation detector'''.


'''Def.''' "a device or organ that detects certain external stimuli and responds in a distinctive manner"<ref name=SensorWikt>{{ cite book
|author=[[wikt:User:Pathoschild|Pathoschild]]
|title=sensor
|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation, Inc
|location=San Francisco, California
|date=27 December 2006
|url=http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sensor
|accessdate=2012-06-19 }}</ref> is called a '''sensor'''.⏎
⏎
Humans have a multitude of senses. Sight (ophthalmoception), hearing (audioception), taste (gustaoception), smell (olfacoception or olfacception), and touch (tactioception) are the five traditionally recognized. While the ability to detect other stimuli beyond those governed by the traditional senses exists, including temperature (thermoception), kinesthetic sense (proprioception), pain (nociception), balance (equilibrioception), acceleration (kinesthesioception) and various internal stimuli (e.g. the different chemoreceptors for detecting salt and carbon dioxide concentrations in the blood), some species [are] able to sense electrical and magnetic fields, and detect water pressure and currents.

===Sensors===

'''Def.''' "a device or organ that detects certain external stimuli and responds in a distinctive manner"<ref name=SensorWikt>{{ cite book
|author=[[wikt:User:Pathoschild|Pathoschild]]
|title=sensor
|publisher=Wikimedia Foundation, Inc
|location=San Francisco, California
|date=27 December 2006
|url=http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sensor
|accessdate=2012-06-19 }}</ref> is called a '''sensor'''.⏎
⏎
Many sensors generate outputs that reflect the rate of change in attitude. These require a known initial attitude, or external information to use them to determine attitude. Many of this class of sensor have some noise, leading to inaccuracies if not corrected by absolute attitude sensors.

===Motion sensors===⏎
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Gyroscopes are devices that sense rotation in three-dimensional space without reliance on the observation of external objects. Classically, a gyroscope consists of a spinning mass, but there are also "Laser Gyros" utilizing coherent light reflected around a closed path. Another type of "gyro" is a hemispherical resonator gyro where a crystal cup shaped like a wine glass can be driven into oscillation just as a wine glass "sings" as a finger is rubbed around its rim. The orienta(contracted; show full)

Similar to the way that a terrestrial gyrocompass uses a pendulum to sense local gravity and force its gyro into alignment with earth's spin vector, and therefore point north, an ''orbital gyrocompass'' uses a horizon sensor to sense the direction to earth's center, and a gyro to sense rotation about an axis normal to the orbit plane. Thus, the horizon sensor provides pitch and roll measurements, and the gyro provides yaw. See Tait-Bryan angles.


===Detector materials===⏎
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Gadolinium oxysulfide is a promising luminescent host material, because of its high density (7.32 g/cm<sup>3</sup>) and high effective atomic number of Gd. These characteristics lead to a high stopping power for X-ray radiation.

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{{tlx|Radiation astronomy resources}}{{Principles of radiation astronomy}}{{Sisterlinks|Radiation detectors}}

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