Difference between revisions 18681094 and 18768207 on enwiktionary

This is a [[semasiological]] index of Proto-Indo-European nominal stems. See [[Appendix:List of Proto-Indo-European roots]] for an alphabetical list of roots.

===Kinship===
{| class="wikitable" style="border:1px; background-color: #f7f8ff"
|- style="background-color: #e6e9ff"
! style="width: 15em" | Root !! style="width: 15em" | Meaning !! Derivatives
|-
| {{termx|mánus|lang=ine-pro}} || [[person]]|| Sanskrit manu, Avestan Manuščiθra, English mann/[[man]], German man/[[Mann]], Gothic manna, Old Norse maðr, Latin mas, Old Church Slavonic {{term|sc=Cyrl|мѫжь|tr=mǫžĭ|lang=cu}}, Russian {{term|муж|tr=muž|lang=ru}}, Lithuanian žmogus, Kamviri mânša, Polish [[mąż]], Czech muž, Pashto merrë
|-
| {{termx|h₁nḗh₃mn̥|lang=ine-pro}} || [[name]]|| Tocharian ñom/ñem, Latin [[nomen|nōmen]], French [[nom]], Spanish [[nombre]], Umbrian nome, English nama/[[name]], German namo/[[Name]], Old Norse nafn, Gothic namo, Sanskrit nāman, Avestan nąman, Ancient Greek [[όνομα]] (onoma), Old Church Slavonic {{term|sc=Cyrl|имѧ|tr=imę|lang=cu}}, Russian {{term|имя|tr=ímja|lang=ru}}, Albanian emër/êmën, Irish ainm/[[ainm]], Welsh anu/[[enw]], Hittite lāman, Kamviri nom, Persian nāma/nām, Old Armenian {{term|անուն|tr=anun|lang=xcl}}, Polish [[imię]], Old Prussian emnes, Pashto num
|-
(contracted; show full)
|-
| {{termx|h₂en-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[ancestor]]|| Ancient Greek annis/anōn, Latin anus, Illyr. ana, German ano/ahn, Lithuanian anyta, Hittite hannas, Old Armenian {{term|հան|tr=han|lang=xcl}}, Russian {{term|внук|tr=vnuk|lang=ru}}, Old Prussian ane, Pashto nikë
|-
| {{termx|ph₂tḗr|lang=ine-pro}} || [[father]]|| Latin [[pater]],
 French [[père]], Spanish [[padre]] Oscan patír, Umbrian pater, Ancient Greek [[πατήρ]] (patēr), Tocharian pācar/pācer, Gaulish ātir, Sanskrit pitṛ, German fater/[[Vater]], Irish athir/athair, English fæder/[[father]], Welsh gwaladr, Kashmiri petū'r, Persian pitā/pedar, Ossetian fyd/, Old Norse faðir, Gothic faðar, Gaulish Ateronius, Pashto plaar
|-
| {{termx|méh₂tēr|lang=ine-pro}} || [[mother]]|| Old Armenian {{term|մայր|tr=mayr|lang=xcl}}, Albanian ama, Lithuanian moteris, Latvian māte, Old Prussian mūti, Gaulish mātir, Irish máthir/[[máthair]], Kashmiri mā.j, Latin [[mater|māter]], French [[mère]], Spanish [[madre]], Oscan maatreís, Umbrian matrer, Ancient Greek [[μήτηρ]] (mētēr)), Russian {{term|мать|tr=mat’|lang=ru}}, Sanskrit mātṛ, Avestan mātar, Tocharian mācar/mācer, German muoter/[[Mutter]], English mōdor/[[mother]], Welsh [[modryb]], Kamviri motr, Old Norse móðir, Persian /mādar, Phrygian mater, Ossetian mad/madæ, Polish [[matka]], Czech [[matka]], Old Church Slavonic {{term|sc=Cyrl|мати|tr=mati|lang=cu}}, Serb. mater/majka/mati, Pashto mor
|-
| {{termx|bʰréh₂tēr|lang=ine-pro}} || [[brother]]|| Old Armenian {{term|եղբայր|tr=ełbayr|lang=xcl}}, English brōþor/[[brother]], Kashmiri boy, Latin [[frater|frāter]], French [[frère]], Umbrian fratrom, Ancient Greek phrātēr, Tocharian pracar/procer, Kamviri bṛo, Russian {{term|брат|tr=brat|lang=ru}}, German bruoder/[[Bruder]], Welsh [[brawd]], Sanskrit bhrātṛ, Irish bráthir/[[bráthair]], Lithuanian brolis, Latvian brālis, Gaulish brātir, Persian brātar/barādar, Phrygian brater, Illyr. bra, Gothic brōþar, Old Norse bróðir, Old Prussian brāti, Old Church Slavonic {{term|sc=Cyrl|братръ|tr=bratrŭ|lang=cu}}, Ossetian ærvad/, Avestan brātar, Oscan fratrúm, Polish [[brat]], Czech bratr, Kurdish bira, Venetic vhraterei, Lydian brafr-, Pashto wror
|-
| {{termx|swésōr|lang=ine-pro}} || [[sister]]|| Albanian motër, English sweostor/[[sister]], German swester/[[Schwester]], Sanskrit svasṛ, Old Church Slavonic {{term|sc=Cyrl|сєстра|tr=sestra|lang=cu}}, Russian {{term|сестра|tr=sestrá|lang=ru}}, Polish siostra, Czech sestra, Latin [[soror]], French [[sœur]], Kamviri sus, Irish siur/[[siur]], Old Armenian {{term|քոյր|tr=kʿoyr|lang=xcl}}, Tocharian ṣar/ṣer, Ancient Greek eor/--, Welsh chwaer, Gaulish suiior, Old Norse systir, Gothic swistar, Avestan xvaṅhar, Lithuanian sesuo, Old Prussian swestro, Persian /xāhar, Pashto khor, Kurdish xwişk 
|-
(contracted; show full)
|-
| {{termx|sweḱruH|lang=ine-pro}} || [[father]]-/[[mother-in-law]]|| Russian {{term|свекровь|tr=svekróv’|lang=ru}}, Sanskrit śvaśura;śvaśrū, Lithuanian šešuras, German swigur/Schwäher, Welsh chwegr, Old Armenian {{term|սկեսուր|tr=skesur|lang=xcl}}, Latin socrus,
 Spanish [[suegra]], Ancient Greek hekuros, Albanian vjehërr, Kamviri č.uč., English swēor/--, Avestan xvasura-, Polish świekra, Czech švagr({{m}})/švagrová({{f}}), Gothic swaíhrō, Old Norse svǽra, Serb. svekar({{m}})/svekrva({{f}}), Pashto skhër({{m}}) / khwaašëi/khwaakhëi({{f}})
|-
(contracted; show full)
|-
| {{termx|h₂ewon-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[grandfather]]/[[mother]][['s]] [[brother]]|| Latin avus ;avunculus, Gaulish avontīr, Ancient Greek aia, Lithuanian avynas, Old Prussian awis, Welsh ewythr, Old Armenian {{term|հաւ|tr=haw|lang=xcl}}, Old Church Slavonic uy, English ēam/--, Irish aue/ó, Gothic awó, German ōheim/Oheim, Russian {{term|уй|tr=uj|lang=ru}}, Polish wuj, Serb. ujak
|-
| {{termx|nepeh₃t-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[grandson]]/[[nephew]]|| Latin nepōs,
 French [[neveu]], Catalan nebot, Sanskrit napāt, Avestan napāt, Ancient Greek anepsios/, Albanian nip, Russian {{term|нестера|tr=nestera|lang=ru}}, English nefa/neve, Gaulish nei, German nevo/Neffe, Welsh nai, Kamviri nâvo, Persian napā/nave, Lithuanian nepuotis, Irish necht/; níath/, Old Church Slavonic nestera, Polish nieściora, Serb. nećak
|-
| {{termx|h₁widʰéwh₂|lang=ine-pro}} || [[widow]]|| Sanskrit vidhyati, Avestan viðavā, Gothic widuwō, Old Prussian widdewu, Russian {{term|вдова|tr=vdová|lang=ru}}, Latin vidua;  dīvidō, French [[veuve]], Spanish [[vidua]], Irish fedb/, German wituwa/Witwe, Welsh gweddw, Polish wdowa, English widuwe/widow, Old Church Slavonic {{term|sc=Cyrl|въдова|tr=vŭdova|lang=cu}}, Persian /bēve(h), Ancient Greek eitheos, Umbrian uef, Lithuanian vidus, Latvian vidus, Serb. udova/udovica, Czech vdova
|-
| {{termx|gʰostis|lang=ine-pro}} || [[stranger]]/[[guest]]|| Russian {{term|гость|tr=gost’|lang=ru}}, Latin hostis, French [[hôte]], German gast/Gast, Gothic gasts, Polish gość, Old Church Slavonic {{term|sc=Cyrl|гость|tr=gostĭ|lang=cu}}, English gæst/guest, Old Norse gestr, Luwian gaši, Serb. gost, Czech host
|}

===Body parts===
{| class="wikitable" style="border:1px; background-color: #f7f8ff"
|- style="background-color: #e6e9ff"
! style="width: 15em" | Root !! style="width: 15em" | Meaning !! Derivatives
|-
(contracted; show full)
|-
| {{termx|bel-|lang=ine-pro}} || [[power]], [[strength]]|| Sanskrit bāla, Ancient Greek beltiōn, Latin dēbĭlis, Irish adbal/dibeal, Welsh balch, Russian {{term|большой|tr=bol’šój|lang=ru}}, Kamviri bâlim, Phrygian balaios, Old Church Slavonic boljĭjĭ, [[Low Saxon]] pal
|}

[[Category:Proto-Indo-European appendices|nouns]]
[[Category:Terms derived from Proto-Indo-European|*]]
[[Category:Proto-Indo-European nouns|*]]