Difference between revisions 37477483 and 42175889 on enwiktionary

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User:Saltmarsh/Sandbox4
{{User:Saltmarsh/menu}}

==B==
*{{etyl|grc|el}}
*{{etyl|grc-koi|el}}
*{{etyl|ell|el}}
*<nowiki>{{etyl|ell-kat|el}}</nowiki>

===Conjugation===
<code><nowiki>* {{User:Saltmarsh/template1|stem=φ|pres-end=αίνομαι|past-end=άνηκα|ref=255}}</nowiki></code>
{{User:Saltmarsh/template1|stem=φ|pres-end=αίνομαι|past-end=άνηκα|ref=255}}

<code><nowiki>* {{User:Saltmarsh/template1|stem=ζεστ|pres-end=αίνομαι|past-end=άθηκα|ref=45}}</nowiki></code>
{{User:Saltmarsh/template1|stem=ζεστ|pres-end=αίνομαι|past-end=άθηκα|ref=45}}

<code><nowiki>* {{User:Saltmarsh/template1|stem=λ|pres-end=ύνομαι|ref=2}}</nowiki></code>
{{User:Saltmarsh/template1|stem=λ|pres-end=ύνομαι|ref=2}}

<code><nowiki>* {{User:Saltmarsh/template1|stem=χ|pres-end=άνομαι|past-end=άθηκα|ref=2}}</nowiki></code>
{{User:Saltmarsh/template1|stem=χ|pres-end=άνομαι|past-end=άθηκα|ref=2}}

<code><nowiki>* {{User:Saltmarsh/template1|stem=πειρ|pres-end=άζομαι|past-end=άχτηκα|ref=24}}</nowiki></code>
{{User:Saltmarsh/template1|stem=πειρ|pres-end=άζομαι|past-end=άχτηκα|ref=24}}

<code><nowiki>* {{User:Saltmarsh/template1|stem=αγορ|pres-end=άζομαι|past-end=άστηκα|ref=36}}</nowiki></code>
{{User:Saltmarsh/template1|stem=αγορ|pres-end=άζομαι|past-end=άστηκα|ref=36}}

<code><nowiki>* {{User:Saltmarsh/template1|stem=αισθ|pres-end=άνομαι|past-end=άνθηκα|ref=82}}</nowiki></code>
{{User:Saltmarsh/template1|stem=αισθ|pres-end=άνομαι|past-end=άνθηκα|ref=82}}

<code><nowiki>* {{User:Saltmarsh/template1|stem=επιβ|pres-end=άλλομαι|ref=147}}</nowiki></code>
{{User:Saltmarsh/template1|stem=επιβ|pres-end=άλλομαι|ref=147}}

<code><nowiki>* {{User:Saltmarsh/template1|stem=κ|pres-end=αίγομαι|ref=162}}</nowiki></code>
{{User:Saltmarsh/template1|stem=κ|pres-end=αίγομαι|ref=162}}

<code><nowiki></nowiki></code>

===Done===
{{top4}}
* [[ανακτώμαι]]
* [[μελετώμαι]] ([[μελετιέμαι]])
* [[τιμώμαι]]
{{mid4}}
* [[φοβάμαι]]
* [[λυπάμαι]]
* [[αποκοιμάμαι]]
* [[κοιμάμαι]]
{{mid4}}
* [[αγαπιέμαι]]
* [[κοιτιέμαι]]
* [[μελετιέμαι]] ([[μελετώμαι]])
* [[περνιέμαι]]
* [[τραβιέμαι]]
* [[φοριέμαι]]
{{mid4}}
* [[θεωρούμαι]]
* [[περιποιούμαι]]
* [[τελούμαι]]
{{bottom}}

===ώμαι===
{{top4}}
* [[αναγεννώμαι]]
* [[ανακλώμαι]]
* [[ανατιμώμαι]]
* [[αντανακλώμαι]]
* [[απαντώμαι]]
* [[απατώμαι]]
{{mid4}}
* [[αποκτώμαι]]
* [[αποσιωπώμαι]]
* [[αποσπώμαι]]
* [[αποτιμώμαι]]
* [[διαθλώμαι]]
{{mid4}}
* [[διασπώμαι]]
* [[εκτιμώμαι]]
* [[εξαρτώμαι]]
* [[ερευνώμαι]]
* [[προσαρτώμαι]]
{{mid4}}
* [[προσδοκώμαι]]
* [[προτιμώμαι]]
* [[συναντώμαι]]
* [[τολμώμαι]]
* [[υπερτιμώμαι]]
{{bottom}}

===άμαι===

===ιέμαι===
{{top4}}
* [[αδικιέμαι]]
* [[ακολουθιέμαι]]
* [[αναγεννιέμαι]]
* [[αναζητιέμαι]]
* [[απαντιέμαι]]
* [[αποκοιμιέμαι]]
* [[αποκτιέμαι]]
* [[αποτραβιέμαι]]
* [[βαστιέμαι]]
* [[βοηθιέμαι]]
{{mid4}}
* [[βοσκιέμαι]]
* [[βουτιέμαι]]
* [[γαμιέμαι]]
* [[γελιέμαι]]
* [[γεννιέμαι]]
* [[εξαρτιέμαι]]
* [[καβαλιέμαι]]
* [[καταπολεμιέμαι]]
* [[κεντιέμαι]]
* [[κολλιέμαι]]
{{mid4}}
* [[κουβαλιέμαι]]
* [[κρεμιέμαι]]
* [[κυβερνιέμαι]]
* [[μιλιέμαι]]
* [[νικιέμαι]]
* [[ξεχνιέμαι]]
* [[οικονομιέμαι]]
* [[παρηγοριέμαι]]
* [[πατιέμαι]]
* [[πετιέμαι]]
{{mid4}}
* [[πηδιέμαι]]
* [[πολεμιέμαι]]
* [[πουλιέμαι]]
* [[προτιμιέμαι]]
* [[ρουφιέμαι]]
* [[ρωτιέμαι]]
* [[συναντιέμαι]]
* [[τραγουδιέμαι]]
* [[τσιμπιέμαι]]
{{bottom}}

===ούμαι===
{{top4}}
* [[αγγλοποιούμαι]]
* [[αγιοποιούμαι]]
* [[αγνοούμαι]]
* [[αδικούμαι]]
* [[αδρανοποιούμαι]]
* [[αθετούμαι]]
* [[αιτιολούμαι]]
* [[ακολουθούμαι]]
* [[αμφισβητούμαι]]
* [[αναζητούμαι]]
* [[αναζωογονούμαι]]
* [[αναιρούμαι]]
* [[ανακαλούμαι]]
* [[ανακινούμαι]]
* [[απαιτούμαι]]
* [[απειλούμαι]]
{{mid4}}
* [[απλοποιούμαι]]
* [[αποτελούμαι]]
* [[απωθούμαι]]
* [[αρκούμαι]]
* [[αφαιρούμαι]]
* [[βολιδοσκοπούμαι]]
* [[δημιουργούμαι]]
* [[διαιρούμαι]]
* [[διατηρούμαι]]
* [[ειδοποιούμαι]]
* [[εκχωρούμαι]]
* [[εννοούμαι]]
* [[ενοχλούμαι]]
* [[επαινούμαι]]
* [[επαπειλούμαι]]
* [[επιχειρούμαι]]
{{mid4}}
* [[θεωρούμαι]]
* [[θρηνούμαι]]
* [[καλούμαι]]
* [[καρατομούμαι]]
* [[καταπολεμούμαι]]
* [[καταφρονούμαι]]
* [[κατηγορούμαι]]
* [[κινούμαι]]
* [[κρατικοποιούμαι]]
* [[κυκλοφορούμαι]]
* [[λυπούμαι]]
* [[μισούμαι]]
* [[οδηγούμαι]]
* [[οικοδομούμαι]]
* [[ομιλούμαι]]
* [[ουσιαστικοποιούμαι]]
{{mid4}}
* [[παρακολουθούμαι]]
* [[παρηγορούμαι]]
* [[πολιορκούμαι]]
* [[προειδοποιούμαι]]
* [[προπονούμαι]]
* [[προσκαλούμαι]]
* [[προωθούμαι]]
* [[πυροβολούμαι]]
* [[πωλούμαι]]
* [[ριζοσπαστικοποιούμαι]]
* [[συγχωρούμαι]]
* [[συμφωνούμαι]]
* [[συντηρούμαι]]
* [[τοποθετούμαι]]
* [[χρησιμοποιούμαι]]
{{bottom}}

===Class 2 A/B sorted===
{|style="border: 1px solid #bbbbbb; background:#ffffff; border-collapse:collapse;" cellpadding="3" rules="all"
|- bgcolor="#bfdfff"
|Class A/B ||Holton||Triand||T-Moore||Jord||Bamb||Kriara||άς||είς|| ||
|-
|[[βοηθώ]]|| ||y||άς||άς 58||άς είς||είς άς||108||2||help||
|-
|[[καρτερώ]]|| ||y||-||άς 58||είς άς||είς άς||20||5||wait for||
|-
|[[κελαηδώ]]|| ||y||-||άς 58|| || ||5||4|| ||=κελαϊδώ(Bamb)
|-
|[[κοινωνώ]]||y|| ||-||άς 58||είς άς||-||11||13||commune ||normally (A), άω(λαϊκ)
|-
|[[κουβαλώ]]|| ||y||άς||άς 58||άς||άς||2||96||carry||*not customary
|-
|[[κουνώ]]|| ||y||-||άς 58||άς||άς||0.7||36|| ||
|-
|[[κρατώ]]||y||y||άς||άς 58||άς είς||άς είς||50||587||hold ||
|-
|[[λαχταρώ]]|| ||y||άς||άς 58||άς||-||3||23||crave||
|-
|[[λιποθυμώ]]||y|| ||άς||άς 58||είς||-||0.1||10||faint ||
|-
|[[οικονομώ]]||y|| ||-||άς 58||είς άς||-||1||5||save money ||=κονομάω(Bamb λαϊκ)
|-
|[[περπατώ]]|| ||y||άς||άς 58||άς είς||είς άς||44||184||walk||=περιπατώ
|-
|[[πουλώ]]|| ||y||άς||άς 58||άς είς||άς είς||2||272||sell||=πωλώ
|-
|[[συζητώ]]||y||y||άς||άς 58||άς είς||άς είς||2||68||discuss ||
|-
|[[τυραννώ]]||y|| ||άς||άς 58||είς άς||είς άς||6||21||torture, torment||=τυραγνώ
|-
|[[φιλώ]]||y|| ||άς||άς 58||άς||άς είς||9||85||kiss ||
|-
|[[φυλλομετρώ]]||y|| ||-||άς 58||άς είς||άς||0||1||leaf through ||
|-
|[[ζητώ]]|| ||y||άς||άς/είς 58/73||είς άς||είς άς||955||41||ask for||
|-
|[[κινώ]]||y|| ||-||άς/είς 58/73||είς||είς||50||18||(A) set off, (B)move ||
|-
|[[κληρονομώ]]|| ||y||είς||άς/είς 58/73||είς||είς||7||0.7||inherit||
|-
|[[λαλώ]]||y|| ||-||άς/είς 58/73||είς άς||-||15||5||talk, warble ||(B) restricted use
|-
|[[μαρτυρώ]]||y|| ||είς||άς/είς 58/73||είς άς||είς||1||15||bear witness ||
|-
|[[παρηγορώ]]||y||y||είς||άς/είς 58/73||είς||-||15||1||console ||
|-
|[[προχωρώ]]||y|| ||άς||άς/είς 58/73||είς άς||-||11||137||go forward ||
|-
|[[συγχωρώ]]|| ||y||είς||άς/είς 58/73||είς||είς||139||16||forgive||
|-
|[[τηλεφωνώ]]||y||y||είς||άς 58/73||είς άς||είς||26||10||telephone ||
|-
|[[ακολουθώ]]||y|| ||είς||είς 73||είς άς||είς άς||8||198||follow, pursue ||
|-
|[[καταφρονώ]]||y||y||- ||είς 73||είς||είς||3||6||despise ||
|-
|[[κατηγορώ]]||y|| ||είς||είς 73||είς||είς||7||76||accuse ||
|-
|[[κυκλοφορώ]]||y|| ||άς||είς 73||είς||-||83||7||circulate ||
|-
|[[συμπαθώ]]||y|| ||-||είς 73||είς άς||είς άς||52||20||like, forgive ||
|-
|[[βαρώ]]|| ||y||άς||άς 62||άς||άς||36||65||hit, bang||[[βαράω]]
|-
|[[πονώ]]|| ||y||άς||άς 62||άς είς||είς άς||11||184||ache||[[πονάω]]
|-
|[[φορώ]]|| ||y||άς||άς 62||άς είς||άς είς||1770||1||put on, wear||
|-
|[[χωρώ]]||y|| ||-||άς 62||είς άς||άς είς||12||70||fit in, have room ||(B) phrasal use
|-
|bgcolor="#bfdfff" colspan="11"|Class A
|-
|[[αγαπώ]]|| || ||άς||58||άς|| ||596||0||love||
|-
|[[διψώ]]|| || ||άς||68||άς||άς||36||0||be thirsty||
|-
|[[ξεχνώ]]|| || ||άς||68||άς|| ||1060||0||forget|| =ξεχάνω
|-
|[[ρουφώ]]|| || ||άς||66||άς||άς||20||0||swallow||
|-
|bgcolor="#bfdfff" colspan="11"|Class B 
|-
|[[δημιουργώ]]|| || ||είς||73||είς||είς||0.4||167||create||
|-
|[[θεωρώ]]|| || ||είς||73||είς|| ||0||652||consider||
|-
|[[μπορώ]]|| || ||είς||76||είς|| ||0.9||3490||can|| =ξεχάνω
|-
|[[προσπαθώ]]|| || ||είς||73||είς||είς||0.3||463||attempt||
|-
|height="1" bgcolor="#bfdfff" colspan="11"|
|}x==

<div style="border-left: 1px solid #0000FF; border-left-width: 3px; padding-left: 0.5em; margin-left: 4em; ">
"What I liked about Greece was [...] the impressive force of the language itself, '''unconfined by dictionaries''', spoken in the streets, in cafes and in the country." &nbsp; ([[w:Peter Levi|Peter Levi]]. ''The Hill of Kronos''. 1980.)
</div>


This is a guide for editors of '''Greek''' terms, Greek here refers to the Modern Greek language. The classical language is referred to as '''Ancient Greek''', which has a [[Wiktionary:About Ancient Greek|guide]] of its own. All editors are be reminded that [[Wiktionary:Entry layout explained|Entry layout explained]] should be their primary source for guidance. All ''English Wiktionary's'' definitions are written in English, definitions in Greek can be found in the Greek Wiktionary - [[:el:|'''το Βικιλεξικό''']].

<span id="forms"></span>
==Forms of Greek==
The following languages are recognised in Wiktionary:
* [[w:Mycenaean language|Mycenaean Greek]]:
:::the language of [[w:Linear B|Linear B]] the most ancient attested form of the Greek language.
* [[w:Ancient Greek|Ancient Greek]] includes:
::* Ancient Greek &ndash; the language of [[w:Homer|Homer]] and [[w:Socrates|Socrates]], in use between say 900-300 BC, including its original [[dialect]]s, of which ([[w:Attic Greek|Attic]]) became predominant.
::* [[Classical Greek]] &ndash; sometimes synonymous with ''Ancient Greek'', often refers to the language of Greek classical literature (600-300 BC).
::* [[w:Koine|Koine]] (''Hellenistic'' or ''New Testament'' Greek) &ndash; the common (hence ''Koine'') language of the eastern Mediterranean, of [[w:Alexander the Great|Alexander the Great]] and the [[w:New Testament|New Testament]] of the Bible, used from say 300 BC until AD 300.
::* [[w:Medieval Greek|Medieval or Byzantine Greek]] in use from about A.D. 325 until 1453.

* [[w:Greek language|Greek]] here includes all forms of Greek written or spoken since the [[w:Fall of Constantinople|Fall of Constantinople]] in 1453, including:
::* [[w:Katharevousa|Katharevousa]] &ndash; the classically based artificial Greek language created at the start of Greece's independence from the [[w:Ottoman Empire|Ottoman Empire]], it was used for formal and official purposes until 1976.
::* [[w:Demotic Greek|Demotic Greek]] &ndash; the vernacular language which began to develop as early as the 11th century A.D.  It became the official language of Greece in 1976.
::* [[w:Modern Greek|Modern Greek]] &ndash; more specifically: the standardised form of Demotic Greek with some Katharevousa influences, often referred to as Standard Modern Greek.  It has been taught in Greek schools since 1982.
::* [[w:Varieties of Modern Greek|Modern Greek dialects]] &ndash; current in Greece, Crete, Cyprus and elsewhere.

==Writing Greek==
Wikipedia has a section on the [[w:Greek alphabet|Greek alphabet]], Modern Greek uses the [[monotonic]] system with a single stress accent in nearly every word of more than one syllable; in contrast the [[polytonic]] system used for Ancient Greek entries has multiple diacritical marks.

===Stress===
Nearly all words of more than one syllable will have an acute accent on one of the last three syllables. A few words with a single syllable like [[πώς]] are accented, in this case indicating ''interrogation'' and differentiating it from [[πως]].
* The [[diaeresis]] - used in some words like [[καϊμάκι]] which require separated vowel sounds, occasionally a combination will be encountered, as in [[καΐκι]].
* Capital letters are usually unaccented as in the abbreviation for ''Ένωση Σοβιετικών Σοσιαλιστικών Δημοκρατιών'' ([[ΕΣΣΔ]]) and capitalised [[ήλιο]] (ΗΛΙΟ). in contrast, words that begin with a stressed vowel should carry an accent ([[Έλληνας]]).
* [[Appendix:Glossary#enclisis|Enclisis]] - sometimes when two words are combined phonetically the first will develop an extra stress, as in the statement "Το όνομά μου είναι Σαμ" (My name is Sam).

===Input and display===
Systems should display modern Greek characters without further action, but keyboard input will vary.
:Guidance is available from:
* [http://www.ucs.cam.ac.uk/e-humanities/lang from Cambridge university] (slanted towards the institution)
* [http://www.wazu.jp/ Wazu Japan - fonts and more]
* [http://www.ilsp.gr/ Institute for Language and Speech Processing] (Greek and English)
* [http://www.biblicalgreek.org/links/fonts/keyboard.html Institute of Biblical Greek] (instructions for using polytonic Greek)


[[Image:Greek keyboard mono 1.png|thumb|center|480px|Windows keyboard layout]]

==Entry structure==
Greek words illustrating page structure are listed in [[:Category:Greek model pages|'''Greek model pages''']].

Greek terms can be classified as shown [[#forms|above]] and given the ''level 2'' heading '''Greek''', '''Ancient Greek''' or '''Mycenaean Greek'''. When ''Ancient'' and ''Modern'' forms have different diacritical marks they will have separate entries, for example the ''Ancient'' [[polytonic]] {{m|grc|?δός}} and the ''Modern'' [[monotonic]] {{m|el|οδός}}. Often they share the same form, for example: {{m|el|βαθύς}} which has an entry with two language headings.

Wiktionary will eventually include all Greek's many inflected forms; each of which will link back to the main (''[[Wiktionary:Glossary#L|lemma]]'') entry (see: {{el-box|[[αγγούρια]]}}). The usual lemma forms are: for '''nouns''' the ''nominative singular'', for '''pronouns''' and '''adjectives''' the ''masculine, nominative singular'', and for '''verbs''' the ''1st person singular of the present tense''.

Their are two obligatory headings for an entry: ''language'' and ''part of speech'' (POS):
# '''<nowiki>==Language==</nowiki>''' &nbsp; (see: {{el-box|[[κουάρκ]]}}) If Ancient and Modern have the same form, like {{el-box|[[βαθύς]]}}, the Greek section follows the Ancient with an obligatory intermediate spacer of four hyphens "'''&#8209;&#8209;&#8209;&#8209;'''".
#'''<nowiki>===Part of speech===</nowiki>''' &nbsp; (see: {{el-box|[[αγγούρι]]}}) This is followed by a ''headword line'', in our example '''<nowiki>{{el-noun| f |αγγούρια}}</nowiki>''' and the gloss or glosses. 

===Nouns===
The model noun {{el-box|[[αγγούρι]]}} shows the structure for a straightforward entry, '''<nowiki> ====Declension==== </nowiki>''' is an obligatory heading unless the term is undeclinable.
*'''Headword line''' &mdash; the "part-of-speech" heading is always followed by a "headword line". In the example given this is '''<nowiki> {{el-noun| f |αγγούρια}} </nowiki>''' with obligatory gender argument (here "f") and "αγγούρια" the optional plural form. The template page {{temp|el-noun}} gives details of the other options available.
*'''Declension''' &nbsp; this heading should be followed by one of the following:
:* {{temp|rfinfl|el|noun}}&nbsp; flags a ''request for inflection'', it should be used when the word requires an inflection table to be added later. This template will ensure that the word is listed in the [[:Category:Greek nouns needing inflection]] and not forgotten.
:* or, when you are certain, the correct ''inflection template'' to produce the declension table, in the current example this is {{temp|el-nN-ι-ια-2b|αγγούρ|αγγουρ}}. All the available templates are listed at [[Wiktionary:Greek noun inflection-table templates]].

===Verbs===
The model verb {{el-box|[[λύνω]]}} shows the structure for a straightforward entry, '''<nowiki> ====Conjugation==== </nowiki>''' is an obligatory heading.
*'''Headword line''' &mdash; the "part-of-speech" heading is always followed by a "headword line", in this example '''<nowiki> {{el-verb|past=έλυσα|passive=λύνομαι}} </nowiki>'''. The template page {{temp|el-verb}} gives details of the options available.

*'''Conjugation''' &nbsp; this heading should be followed by one of the following:
:* {{temp|rfinfl|el|verb}}&nbsp; flags a ''request for inflection'', it should be used when the word requires an inflection table to be added later. This template will ensure that the word is listed in the [[:Category:Greek verbs needing inflection]] and not forgotten.
:* or, when you are certain, the correct ''inflection template'' to produce the conjugation table, in the current example this is {{temp|el-conj-1-switch|…|…|…|etc}} with the appropriate arguments. All the available templates are listed at [[Wiktionary:Greek verb inflection-table templates]].

===Abbreviations===
The model {{el-box|[[μεταφρ.]]}} shows the structure for a straightforward entry.

==FAQs for special cases ==
===Nouns===
*  '''{{el-box|[[κρύσταλλο]]}}''': nouns of more than one gender.