Revision 70188136 of "Derechos humanos en Corea del Norte" on eswiki

<!-- {{Refimprove|date=August 2007}}
{{Politics of North Korea}} -->
La situación de los '''derechos humanos en [[Corea del Norte]]''' no es fácilmente definible debido a la naturaleza secretista y cerrada del país. El gobierno norcoreano impone fuertes restricciones a la entrada de extranjeros y supervisa de modo estricto sus actividades. Los observadores y las agencias solidarias son sujetos a vigilancia y excluidos de ciertos lugares y regiones.

Ya que los ciudadanos no pueden abandonar libremente el país, el registro de derechos humanos en Corea se ha elaborado principalmente a través de relatos de refugiados y desertores. La posición del gobierno, expresada por la [[Korean Central News Agency]], es que Corea del Norte no tiene problema alguno de derechos humanos pues, afirma, su sistema socialista fue elegido por el pueblo y le sirve fielmente.

Es difícil trazar una imagen clara de la situación interna del país, pero resulta evidente que el gobierno norcoreano [[Totalitarismo|controla virtualmente todas las actividades]] dentro de la nación. A los ciudadanos no se les permite [[libertad de expresión|pensar libremente]] y los críticos del régimen son sometidos a persecución y detención. Todos los medios de comunicación (radio, televisión y prensa) se hallan bajo control gubernamental y están entregados a loar la administración del dictador [[Kim Jong-un]], tercero en la sucesión desde la fundación del [[estado socialista]] por su abuelo, [[Kim Il-sung]].

La revista [[The Economist]] contiene en su número correspondiente al [[27 de septiembre]] de [[2008]]<ref>{{cita web | url=http://www.economist.com/surveys/displaystory.cfm?story_id=12237163
| título=A survey of the Koreas: : The odd couple | publicación=El Economista | editor=The Economist | añoacceso=2009}}</ref> un extenso análisis sobre la situación de Corea del Norte, contrastándola con [[Corea del Sur]], estado de economía [[capitalismo|capitalista]] o ''de mercado'', sustentado en un sistema político [[liberalismo|liberal]] o de [[parlamentarismo|democracia parlamentaria]].

La revista anota que es casi imposible obtener información sobre la situación al interior de Corea del Norte, dado que su gobierno ha llevado la [[paranoia]] y la represión a niveles inusitados (por ello es conocido como el “reino ermitaño”). Pero destaca una reciente investigación basada en una encuesta a 1.300 refugiados en [[República Popular China|China]]. Según dicho estudio:

* El 23% de los hombres y el 37% de las mujeres afirman que algún miembro de su familia ha muerto por hambre.
* Más de un cuarto informan que han sido arrestados, y entre aquellos que fueron detenidos por motivos políticos (una décima de la muestra), el 90% atestiguó casos de privación del alimento, el 60% observó muertes por golpes o torturas, el 27% presenció muertes por golpes o torturas y otro 27% presenció ejecuciones.

Entre las violaciones de derechos humanos en Corea del Norte figuran el empleo de la tortura, la aplicación de la pena de muerte, la detención y el encarcelamiento arbitrarios, las condiciones de reclusión inhumanas y la supresión prácticamente total de las libertades fundamentales, incluidas las de expresión y circulación.<ref name="amnistía">{{cita web | apellidos= | nombre= Amnistía Internacional | título = Corea del Norte: Motivos de preocupación sobre derechos humanos | url= http://www.amnesty.org/es/library/asset/ASA24/002/2003/es/f89036c8-d702-11dd-b0cc-1f0860013475/asa240022003es.html | fechaacceso = 31 de mayo de 2009 | cita = Documento en dominio público.}}</ref>

Los desertores norcoreanos han sido testigos de la existencia de campos de prisión y concentración con una población estimada de entre 150.000 y 200.000 internos (alrededor del 0,85% de la población), y han informado de numerosos casos de tortura, inanición, violaciones, asesinatos, experimentos médicos, trabajo forzado y abortos forzados.<ref>{{Cita web |url=http://hrnk.org/hiddengulag/part3.html |título=The Hidden [[Gulag]]: Exposing North Korea’s Prison Camps - Prisoners' Testimonies and Satellite Photographs |fechaacceso=01-08-2007 |autor=Hawk, David |año=2003 | obra=U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea}}</ref>

Diversas organizaciones y gobiernos han condenado las violaciones a los derechos humanos de Corea del Norte, incluidas [[Amnistía Internacional]] y las [[Naciones Unidas]]. <!-- In its 2006 country report on North Korea, [[Freedom House]] stated that, "North Korea is a totalitarian dictatorship and one of the most restrictive countries in the world. Every aspect of social, political, and economic life is tightly controlled by the state. The regime denies North Koreans all basic rights, subjects tens of thousands of political prisoners to brutal conditions, and maintains a largely isolationist foreign policy." North Korea received Freedom House's lowest ratings in both civil liberties and political rights, categorizing it as "Not Free".<ref>{{cite web | title=North Korea (2006) | work=Freedom in the World 2006, [[Freedom House]] | url=http://freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=22&year=2006&country=6993 | accessdate=February 13 | accessyear=2007}}</ref> In 2004, the [[United States]] passed the [[North Korean Human Rights Act of 2004]], which censured North Korea and outlined steps the United States should take to promote democracy and freedom in North Korea. With the exception of the international abductions issue, which it says has been fully resolved, North Korea strongly denies all reports of human rights violations and accuses the defectors of lying and promoting a pro-US agenda.

==Civil liberties==

The [[Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights]] has officially acknowledged the widespread human rights violations that regularly occur in North Korea. The following section is a direct quote from the United Nation's Human Rights Resolution 2005/11 referring specifically to occurrences in North Korea:

::''Torturas y otros tratamientos y castigos crueles, inhumanos o degradantes, ejecuciones públicas, detenciones extra judiciales y arbitrarias, la ausencia de proceso debido y regla de la ley, imposición de la pena de muerte por motivos políticos, la existencia de un número grande de campamentos para prisioneros y el uso extenso de trabajo forzado;''

::''Las sanciones contra ciudadanos de la República Popular Democrática de Corea que han sido repatriados del extranjero, como el trato de su salida como la traición que conduce a castigos de internamiento, tortura, tratamiento inhumano o degradante o la pena de muerte;''

::''Todas las restricciones penetrantes y severas contra las libertades de pensamiento, conciencia, religión, opinión y expresión, asamblea pacífica y asociación y en el acceso de cada uno a información, y limitaciones impuestas a cada persona que desea moverse libremente dentro del país y viajes al extranjero;''

::''Continued violation of the human rights and fundamental freedoms of women, in particular the trafficking of women for prostitution or forced marriage, ethnically motivated forced abortions, including by labour inducing injection or natural delivery, as well as infanticide of children of repatriated mothers, including in police detention centres and labour training camps;''<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:uHMc-7X72WEJ:ap.ohchr.org/documents/E/CHR/resolutions/E-CN_4-RES-2005-11.doc+United+Nations+Human+Rights+Resolution+2005/11&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=nz&client=firefox-a
|title = html version of the file http://ap.ohchr.org/documents/E/CHR/resolutions/E-CN_4-RES-2005-11.doc
|accessdate = 2007-11-03
|author = UN Commission on Human Rights
|date = 2005-04-14
|work = Situation of human rights in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea: Human Rights Resolution 2005/11
}}</ref>

===Libertad de expresión===             
La constitución tiene cláusulas que garantizan las libertades de palabra y asamblea. En la práctica otras cláusulas tienen prioridad, incluso la exigencia que los ciudadanos sigan un estilo de vida [[Socialismo|socialista]]. La crítica del gobierno y sus líderes es estrictamente reducida y la fabricación de tales declaraciones puede ser la causa para detención y remesa a uno de los [[Lavado de cerebro| campos de "reeducación"]] de Corea del Norte. El gobierno distribuye toda las radios y televisores; a los ciudadanos se les está prohibido cambiarlos para hacer esto posible de recibir emisiones de otras naciones, y hacerlo conlleva penas estrictas.

Hay numerosas organizaciones cívicas pero todos ellos parecen ser hechos funcionar por el gobierno. Todos rutinariamente elogian el gobierno y perpetúan el [[culto a la personalidad]] de [[Kim Jong-il]] y su difunto padre [[Kim Il-sung]]. Los desertores indican que la promoción del culto de personalidad es una de las funciones primarias de casi todas las películas, juegos, y reserva producidos dentro del país.

===Freedom of religion===
{{See also|Religion in North Korea}}

Though the government officially estimates that there are 10,000 [[Protestants]], 100,000 [[Buddhists]], and 4,000 [[Catholics]] worshiping at 500 churches, it is unknown if there are any Catholic priests in the country and some reports indicate that the religious organizations that do exist are primarily meant to facilitate interaction with other nations. It is known that in China near the border with North Korea, a number of Christian organizations have been active, helping refugees and, by many reports, smuggling in [[Bibles]] and other religious material.  

The government was concerned that faith-based [[South Korean]] relief and refugee assistance efforts along the northeast border of China had both humanitarian and political goals, including overthrow of the regime.  Defectors cite instances of execution of individuals involved with the Bible smuggling.<ref>{{cite web | title=New Reports Tell of Executions, Torture of Christians in North Korea | work=Christian Today | url=http://www.christiantoday.com/news/missions/new.reports.tell.of.executions.torture.of.christians.in.north.korea/558.htm | accessdate=January 26 | accessyear=2006}}</ref>

===Freedom of movement===  
Usually citizens cannot freely travel around the country or go abroad. Only the political élite may own vehicles and the government limits access to fuel and other forms of transportation. (Satellite photos of North Korea show an almost complete lack of vehicles on the roads.) Forced resettlement of citizens and families, especially as punishment for political reasons, is said to be routine. <ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2004/41646.htm
|title = Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
|accessdate = 2007-11-03
|author = Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
|date = 2005-02-28
|publisher = US Department of State 
}}</ref>

Only the most politically reliable and healthiest citizens are allowed to live in [[Pyongyang]]. Those who are suspected of sedition, or have family members suspected of it, are removed from the city; similar conditions affect those who are physically or mentally disabled in some way. This can be a significant method of coercion as food and housing are said to be much better in the capital city.

===Freedom of the press===
North Korea is at the very bottom of the World Press Freedom Index published by [[Reporters Without Borders]]. <ref name="rwb">{{cite web | title=North Korea - Annual report 2005 | work= Reporters Without Borders | url=http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=13430 | accessdate= January 25 | accessyear=2006}}</ref> All media is strictly controlled by the government. The national media dedicates a large portion of its resources toward political propaganda and promoting the personality cult of [[Kim Il-Sung]] and [[Kim Jong-Il]]. <ref>{{cite web | title=Kim Jong Il’s leadership, key to victory | work=Naenara | url=http://www.kcckp.net/en/news/news_view.php?0+1671 | accessdate=January 27 | accessyear=2006}}</ref> In addition, the media is said to make false claims, and the use of the [[United States]] as a scapegoat is common.  For instance, the North Korean media claims that the [[United States]] started the [[Korean War]], which Soviet archives show to have started with a premeditated invasion from the north. <ref>{{cite web | title=Worst Obstacle to Reunification of Korea| work=Korea Today|url=http://www.kcckp.net/en/periodic/todaykorea/index.php?contents+1803+2006-01+80+36 |accessdate=January 27 | accessyear=2006}}</ref>

Radio or television sets which can be bought in North Korea are pre-set to receive only the government frequencies and sealed with a label to prevent tampering with the equipment. It is a serious criminal offense to manipulate the sets and receive radio or television broadcasts from outside North Korea. In a party campaign in 2003 the head of each party cell in neighbourhoods and villages received instructions to verify the seals on all radio sets. <ref name="rwb" />

As North and South Korea use different television systems ([[SECAM]] and [[NTSC]] respectively) it is not possible to view broadcasts across the border between the two countries; however, in areas bordering China, it has reportedly been possible to receive television from that country.

===Minority rights===
North Korea's population is one of the world's most [[Demographics of North Korea|ethnically homogenous]] and today immigration is almost nonexistent. Among the few immigrants that have willingly gone to North Korea are [[Japanese people|Japanese]] spouses (generally wives) of Koreans who returned from Japan from 1955 to the early 1980s. These Japanese have been forced to assimilate and for the most part, the returnees overall are reported to (with a few exceptions, such as those who became part of the government) have not been fully accepted into North Korean society and instead ended up on the fringes, including concentration camps mentioned below. Foreigners who visit the country are generally strictly monitored and forbidden from entering certain locations.

===Disabled rights===
El 22 de marzo de 2006, la [[Associated Press]] relató desde Corea del Sur que un doctor nortecoreano que desertó, Ri Kwang-chol, ha afirmado que los bebés nacidos con defectos físicos son rápidamente matados y sepultados.

==Criminal justice==
===The prison system===
North Korea's government is said to routinely detain, torture and imprison thousands of individuals who are either dissidents or alleged saboteurs. The administration of Kim Jong-il maintains that it does not do any of these things. Many refugees have come forward and recounted stories which describe conditions within the country. The government is accused of employing political prison camps, believed to hold as many as 200,000 inmates, including children whose only crime is having "class enemies" for relatives. There have been widespread reports from North Korean refugees of [[abortion]], [[infanticide]], and [[famine]] in these prison camps. Extreme [[physical abuse]] is common (beatings often result in death). <ref>{{cite web | title=Running Out of the Darkness | work=TIME Magazine | url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1186569,00.html |accessdate=October 31 | accessyear=2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2004/41646.htm
|title = Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
|accessdate = 2007-11-03
|author = Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
|date = 2005-02-28
|publisher = US Department of State 
}}</ref>

In [[2002]], a former party official named [[Lee Soon Ok]] gave testimony before a committee of the [[United States House of Representatives]] on her own treatment within North Korea's criminal system. She reported extensive torture, including the loss of eight teeth and permanent [[facial paralysis]]. She also reported that she was tried in a "[[kangaroo court]]" and sentenced to 13 years in a prison camp. She received unusually light treatment because of her background as an accountant. According to her statement, "I testify [sic] that most of the 6,000 prisoners who were there when I arrived in 1987 had quietly perished under the harsh prison conditions by the time I was released in 1992." She reported numerous tortures and deaths of individuals in her camp, including the killing of the babies and unborn children of women in the camp upon their arrival. Her testimony is consistent with many other reports. <ref>{{cite web | title=Testimony of Sun-ok Lee | work= U.S. House of Representatives| url=http://ncafe.com/northkorea/SunOkLeeTestimony_w_llus.pdf | accessdate=January 26 | accessyear=2006}}</ref>

A [[2004]] [[BBC]] documentary also reported that in one of these camps, North Korea tests chemical weapons on prisoners in a gas chamber. <ref>{{cite web |title=Access to Evil | work= BBC | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/this_world/3436701.stm | accessdate=January 25 | accessyear=2006}}</ref> Life in the camps has been covered in several other documentaries, such as ''[[The Aquariums of Pyongyang]]'' by [[Kang Chol-Hwan]].

===Known location of prison camps===
The following is a list of some known and prominent locations of North Korean prison camps, but is by no means exhaustive: <ref>{{cite web | title=Selected Prison Camps in North Korea and their Locations | work=The Hidden Gulag |url=http://www.hrnk.org/hiddengulag/pdf/Overview.pdf |accessdate=January 27 |accessyear=2006}}</ref>
* [[Bukchang concentration camp|Bukchang]]
* [[Chongjin concentration camp|Chongjin]]
* [[Daeheung concentration camp|Daeheung]]
* [[Danchun concentration camp|Danchun]] 
* [[Haengyong concentration camp|Haengyong]]
* [[Hoeryong concentration camp|Hoeryong]] I [http://freekorea.us/2007/02/18/holocaust-now-looking-down-into-hell-at-camp-22/  Google Earth Tour] of Camp 22, Hoeryong
* [[Hwasong concentration camp|Hwasong]] I [http://freekorea.us/2007/02/06/mass-escape-at-n-korean-concentration-camp-120-escape/  Google Earth images] of Camp 16, Hwasong
* [[Jeonger-ri concentration camp|Jeonger-ri]]
* [[Kaechon concentration camp|Kaechon]]
* [[Kangdong concentration camp|Kangdong]]
* [[Kyungsung concentration camp|Kyungsung]]
* [[Onsong concentration camp|Onsong]] (closed 1987 after riot massacre) <ref>{{cite web | title=5,000 Prisoners Massacred at Onsong Concentration Camp in 1987 | work=The Chosun Ilbo | url=http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200212/200212110038.html | accessdate=January 26 | accessyear=2006}}</ref>
* [[Oro concentration camp|Oro]]
* [[Senghori concentration camp|Senghori]]
* [[Sinuiji concentration camp|Sinuiji]]
* [[Yongdam concentration camp|Yongdam]]
* [[Yodok concentration camp|Yodok]]

==Propaganda==
North Korean propaganda tactics heavily glorify Kim Jong Il<ref>{{cite web |title=Kim Jong Il| work= Wikipedia | url=http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Jong_Il| accessdate=August 20 | accessyear=2007}}</ref> and his father, who are referred to as the "Dear Leader" and "The Sunshine Of The 21st Century" respectively. Following the death of Kim Il-Sung, Koreans fell to the ground crying and clung to a [[bronze]] statue of him.

==Economy==
===[[North Korean Famine|Famine]] and the food distribution system===

In the aftermath of the [[Korean War]] and throughout the 1960s and '70s, the country's state-controlled [[Economy of North Korea|economy]] grew at a significant rate and, until the late 1970s, was considered to be stronger than that of the South.  The country struggled into the 1990s, primarily due to the loss of strategic trade arrangements with the [[USSR]]<ref>[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m3778/is_1992_April/ai_12151027 "Prospects for trade with an integrated Korean market"], Agricultural Outlook, April, 1992.</ref> and strained relations with [[China]] - following China's normalization with [[South Korea]] in [[1992]].<ref>[http://www.rieti.go.jp/en/china/03041801.html "Why South Korea Does Not Perceive China to be a Threat"], China in Transition, April 18, 2003.</ref>  In addition, North Korea experienced record-breaking [[floods]] ([[1995]] and [[1996]]) followed by several years of equally severe [[drought]] beginning in [[1997]].<ref>[http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=viewArticle&code=OLS20051228&articleId=1663 "An Antidote to disinformation about North Korea"], Global Research, December 28, 2005.</ref>  This, compounded with only 18 percent arable land<ref>[http://www.country-studies.com/north-korea/agriculture.html "North Korea Agriculture"], Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress, Retrieved March 11, 2007.</ref> and an inability to import the goods necessary to sustain industry,<ref>[http://www.fas.org/nuke/guide/dprk/target/industry.htm "Other Industry - North Korean Targets"] Federation of American Scientists, June 15, 2000.</ref> led to an [[Famine in North Korea|immense famine]] and left North Korea in economic shambles.  The [[Famine in North Korea|famine]] resulted in the death of around 600,000 people. <ref>{{cite web | title= One Kwangju Per Day for Six Years | work=One Free Korea | url=http://freekorea.blogspot.com/2005/05/one-kwangju-per-day-for-six-years.html | accessdate=January 26 | accessyear= 2006}}</ref> 

By 1999, food and development aid reduced famine deaths. In the spring of 2005, the [[World Food Program]] reported that famine conditions were in imminent danger of returning to North Korea, and the government was reported to have ordered millions of city-dwellers to the countryside to perform farm labor. <ref>{{cite web | title= North Korea, Facing Food Shortages, Mobilizes Millions From the Cities to Help Rice Farmers |work=New York Times | url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F20810F6345D0C728CDDAF0894DD404482 | accessdate=January 26 | accessyear=2006}}</ref>  In [[2005]], the agricultural situation showed signs of improvement, rising 5.3% to 4.54 million tons; this was largely the result of increased donations of fertilizers from [[South Korea]].  However, the World Food Program stated that this was short of the estimated 6 million tons necessary to adequately feed the population.  Nevertheless, North Korea called for food aid to cease, and shipments of food to the country ended on [[December 31]] of that year. <ref>{{cite web | title= North Korea's grain production up 5.3pc in 2005 |work=The Financial Express | url=http://www.financialexpress-bd.com/index3.asp?cnd=1/25/2006&section_id=24&newsid=13721&spcl=no | accessdate=January 26 | accessyear=2006}}</ref> In the same period, news sources reported that North Korea continued to raise food prices while reducing food rations. <ref>{{cite web |title=North Korea Cuts Rations, Raises Taxes | work=The Command Post|url=http://www.command-post.org/nk/2_archives/018642.html#more |accessdate=January 26 | accessyear=2006}}</ref>

North Korea's society is highly stratified by class, according to a citizen's family and political background. <ref>{{cite web
|url = http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2004/41646.htm
|title = Country Reports on Human Rights Practices: Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
|accessdate = 2007-11-03
|author = Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
|date = 2005-02-28
|publisher = US Department of State 
}}</ref> [[Refugees International]], [[Médecins Sans Frontières]], and Amnesty International have all accused North Korea of discriminating against those in "hostile" classes in the distribution of basic necessities, including food.  In some "closed" areas that contained a higher concentration of "hostile" class members, the government appears to have prevented the delivery of significant amounts of food aid.

North Korea maintains a massive military machine and supports an extravagant lifestyle for its leader, Kim Jong-Il. <ref>{{cite web |title=The Supremo in His Labyrinth |work=TIME Magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/asia/news/magazine/0,9754,201976,00.html |accessdate=January 26| accessyear=2006}}</ref> Before the cessation of food shipments at the end of [[2005]], the World Food Program sought $200 million in emergency food aid for North Korea,  an increase from its [[2004]] request of $171 million. <ref>{{cite web | title= Country Pages: Overview of Selected Operations  | work=World Food Program | url=http://www.wfp.org/appeals/Current_shortfalls/index.asp?section=3&sub_section=2# | accessdate=January 26 | accessyear=2006}}</ref> By comparison, its [[2002]] defense budget was $5.2 billion according to the [[Central Intelligence Agency|CIA]] [[The World Factbook|World Factbook]].

==International abductions==
{{main|North Korean abductions of South Koreans|North Korean abductions of Japanese}}

In the decades after the [[Korean War]] there were reports that North Korea had abducted many foreign nationals, mainly South Koreans and [[Japanese people|Japanese]]. For years these were dismissed as conspiracy theories even by many of the regime's critics; however, in [[September 2002]], Kim Jong-Il acknowledged the involvement of North Korean "special institutions" in the kidnapping of Japanese citizens in the late [[1970s]] and early [[1980s]] to Japanese [[Prime Minister of Japan|Prime Minister]] [[Junichiro Koizumi]].  He stated that those responsible had been punished. <ref>{{cite web | title=North Korea trip not a winner in Japan | work=Asia Times Online | url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Japan/DI19Dh03.html | accessdate=January 26 | accessyear=2006}}</ref> Five surviving victims were allowed to visit Japan and decided not to return to North Korea. For eight more Japanese abductees, officials claimed deaths caused by accidents or illnesses; Japan says this leaves two still unaccounted for, and says that what the North claimed were the ashes of [[Megumi Yokota]] were not hers. In addition, information from American deserter [[Charles Robert Jenkins]] indicates that North Korea kidnapped a [[Thailand|Thai]] woman in [[1978]]. <ref>{{cite web | title=Thai foreign minister to visit Japan, hopes to meet Jenkins | work=TMCnet | url=http://www.tmcnet.com/usubmit/2006/jan/1283084.htm |accessdate=January 26 | accessyear=2006}}</ref>

Despite the admission to Prime Minister Koizumi, the North Korean government continues to deny the kidnappings of other foreign nationals and refuses any cooperation to investigate further cases of suspected abductions. However, officials of the South Korean government claim that 486 South Koreans, mostly fishermen, are believed to have been abducted since the end of the Korean War. Advocates and family members have accused the government of doing little or nothing to gain their freedom. <ref>{{cite web | title=Daughter Calls for Abducted Father's Return From North | work=The Korea Times | url=http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/nation/200510/kt2005101917570810510.htm |accessdate=January 26 | accessyear=2006}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[List of Korea-related topics]]
* [[Politics in North Korea]]
* [[Human rights in East Asia]]

==Referencias==
{{reflist}}

==Enlaces externos==
* [http://www.chosunjournal.com/ Chosun Journal]
* [http://www.house.gov/international_relations/nkhra.htm Official materials related to the North Korean Human Rights Act]
* [http://www.linkglobal.org/ Liberty in North Korea]
* [http://www.hrnk.org U.S. Committee for Human Rights in North Korea]
* [http://www.nknet.org/ Network for North Korean Democracy and Human Rights] (in Korean and English)
* [http://www.nkfreedomhouse.org North Korea Freedom House]
* [http://freekorea.us/2007/03/06/can-they-do-it-a-brief-history-of-resistance-to-the-north-korean-regime/  Chronology of reported anti-government resistance]
* Google earth images of the North Korean concentration camps at [http://freekorea.us/2007/02/18/holocaust-now-looking-down-into-hell-at-camp-22/ Camp 22], with accounts of the atrocities alleged to occur there, and [http://freekorea.us/2007/02/06/mass-escape-at-n-korean-concentration-camp-120-escape/ Camp 16], with a report of a December 2006 mass escape by 120 prisoners.
* [http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/156/ Archive of North Korea coverage] at the [[International Freedom of Expression Exchange]].
; Web Logs
* [http://freekorea.us/  One Free Korea:] Updated daily; focusing on human rights, political, economic, and military issues, often with Google-Earth tours of North Korea's most secret places
* [http://nkay.blogsome.com/  RU NK:] Focusing primarily on human rights issues, by a member of [[Liberty in North Korea]]
* [http://www.nkzone.org/  NK Zone:] Includes a variety of perspectives, with a greater focus on cultural and economic issues
'''U.S. State Department Annual Reports'''
* [http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/irf/2005/51515.htm Religious Freedom Report 2005]
* [http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2004/41646.htm Human Rights Report 2004]

{{Asia in topic|Human rights in}} -->


== Referencias ==
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[[Categoría:Derechos humanos en Corea del Norte]]

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