Revision 3457991 of "Tonbuktu" on euwiki

{{Hiri orokor infotaula
| izena = Timbuktu
| armarria = 
| ofiziala = 
| izen alternatiboa = Tombouctou
| izen alternatiboa balioa = 
| nongo = 
| kodea = ML
| kodea2 = MLI
| probintzia = [[Timbuktu eskualdea|Timbuktu]]
| dn = 16
| mn = 46
| de = 3
| me = 0
| herritar =
| irudia = Street in Timbuktu.jpg
| besterik2 = 
| besterik2balioa = 
| postakodea = 
| kokapena = kokapenmapa
| sorrera = [[X. mendea]]
| azalera = 
| altuera = 261
| biztanleria = 54453
| metropolia = 
| urtea = 2009
| dentsitatea = 
| web = 
}}
'''Timbuktu'''<ref>{{Erreferentzia|url=http://www.euskaltzaindia.net/dok/arauak/Araua_0167.pdf|egilea=[[Euskaltzaindia]]|data = 2012-03-30|izenburua= 167. araua: Saharaz hegoaldeko Afrikako toponimia}}</ref> ([[Koyra Chiini]] hizkuntzan: ''Tumbutu''; [[frantses]]ez: ''Tombouctou'') [[Mali]]ko [[Timbuktu eskualdea|Timbuktu eskualdeko]] hiri handiena da. [[Niger ibaia|Niger ibaitik]] 15 km iparraldera dago. 2009an 54.453 biztanle zituen. [[Songhai]], [[tuareg]], [[fulbe]] eta [[mande]] dira etnia nagusiak.

Hiria [[XIV. mendea]]n, [[Mansa Musa]], [[Maliko Inperioa|Maliko inperioko]] hamargarren mansaren garaian, aberastu zen. [[XVI. mendea|XVI.]] eta [[XVII. mende]]etan hiriburu kultural eta espirituala izan zen eta [[Islam]]aren hedapen-gunea. ''Sankoreko Unibertsitate'' ospetsuaren eta beste [[madrasa]] batzuen egoitza da. Djingareyber, Sankore eta Sidi Yahya [[meskita]] handiak Timbuktuko urrezko garaiaren lekuko dira. Monumentu hauek etengabe zaharberritzen badira ere, [[desertizazio]]a dela eta arriskuan daude. Izan ere, hiriko eraikin gehienak bezala, [[buztin]]ez eginik daude.

[[1988]]an [[UNESCO]]k [[Gizateriaren Ondare]] izendatu zuen.

== Klima ==
<div style="width:75%;">
{{Klima|location = Timbuktu
|metric first = yes
|single line = yes
|Jan record high C = 36
|Feb record high C = 39
|Mar record high C = 42
|Apr record high C = 45
|May record high C = 48
|Jun record high C = 47
|Jul record high C = 47
|Aug record high C = 43
|Sep record high C = 47
|Oct record high C = 47
|Nov record high C = 40
|Dec record high C = 42
|year record high C = 48
|Jan high C = 30.0
|Feb high C = 33.2
|Mar high C = 36.6
|Apr high C = 40.0
|May high C = 42.2
|Jun high C = 41.6
|Jul high C = 38.5
|Aug high C = 36.5
|Sep high C = 38.3
|Oct high C = 39.1
|Nov high C = 35.2
|Dec high C = 30.4
|Jan low C = 13.0
|Feb low C = 15.2
|Mar low C = 18.5
|Apr low C = 22.5
|May low C = 26.0
|Jun low C = 27.3
|Jul low C = 25.8
|Aug low C = 24.8
|Sep low C = 24.8
|Oct low C = 22.7
|Nov low C = 17.7
|Dec low C = 13.5
|Jan record low C = 5
|Feb record low C = 8
|Mar record low C = 7
|Apr record low C = 10
|May record low C = 15
|Jun record low C = 21
|Jul record low C = 17
|Aug record low C = 21
|Sep record low C = 18
|Oct record low C = 12
|Nov record low C = 7
|Dec record low C = 1
|year record low C = 1
|Jan precipitation mm = 0.6
|Feb precipitation mm = 0.1
|Mar precipitation mm = 0.1
|Apr precipitation mm = 1.0
|May precipitation mm = 4.0
|Jun precipitation mm = 16.4
|Jul precipitation mm = 53.5
|Aug precipitation mm = 73.6
|Sep precipitation mm = 29.4
|Oct precipitation mm = 3.8
|Nov precipitation mm = 0.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 0.2
|Jan rain days = 1
|Feb rain days = 0
|Mar rain days = 0
|Apr rain days = 0
|May rain days = 1
|Jun rain days = 1
|Jul rain days = 3
|Aug rain days = 4
|Sep rain days = 3
|Oct rain days = 1
|Nov rain days = 0
|Dec rain days = 0
|year rain days = 14
|source 1 = World Meteorological Organization<ref>{{Erreferentzia
| url = http://www.worldweather.org/034/c00134.htm| izenburua =World Weather Information Service – Tombouctou | egilea=World Meteorological Organization }}</ref>
|date=2010eko abuztua
|source 2 = Weatherbase <ref name=Weatherbase>{{Erreferentzia
| url =http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=32216&refer=&units=us |izenburua =Weatherbase: Weather For Timbutku, Mali | egilea=Weatherbase | urtea=2011 }}</ref>
}}</center>
{{-}}
</div>
{{Gizateriaren ondare infotaula
| Izena = Timbuktu
| Irudi = Djingareiber cour.jpg
| Oina = Djingareiber meskita
| Mota = Kulturala
| Irizpideak = ii, iv, v
| ID = 119
| Kokapena = {{MLI|1}} 
| Koor = {{koord|16|46|33|N|03|00|34|W|display=inline}}
| Eskualdea = [[Afrika]]
| Urtea = 1988
| Luzapena =
| Luzapenak =
| Arriskua = 1990-2005
}}
== Hiri eta herri senidetuak ==
Timbuktuk honako hiri senidetu ditu:<ref>{{Erreferentzia | izenburua = Timbuktu 'twins' make first visit |egilea=[[BBC]] News  | data = 2007-10-24 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/mid_/7058884.stm }}</ref>

* {{Herria|Alemania|Chemnitz}}
* {{Herria|Gales|Hay-on-Wye}}
* {{Herria|Tunisia|Kairuan}}
* {{Herria|Maroko|Marrakex}}
* {{Herria|Frantzia|Saintes}}
* {{Herria|Ameriketako Estatu Batuak|Tempe (Arizona)}}
* {{Herria|Mendebaldeko Sahara|Tifariti}}

== Erreferentziak ==
{{erreferentzia_zerrenda}}

== Kanpo loturak ==
{{Commonskat|Timbuktu}}
* {{eu}} [http://paperekoa.berria.info/plaza/2008-03-15/050/003/.htm Niger ibaia sehaskatzat] Berria.info
* {{eu}} Iñigo ARANBARRI: [http://paperekoa.berria.info/plaza/2009-09-12/056/001/tonbuktu.htm Tonbuktu] Berria.info
{{Gizateriaren ondarea Malin}}

{{geografia zirriborroa|MLI}}

[[Kategoria:Maliko hiriak]]
[[Kategoria:Maliko udalerriak]]
[[Kategoria:Gizateriaren Ondarea Malin]]
[[Kategoria:Timbuktu eskualdea]]

[[an:Timbuktú]]
[[ar:تمبكتو]]
[[bg:Тимбукту]]
[[bm:Timbuktu]]
[[bs:Timbuktu]]
[[ca:Timbuctu]]
[[cs:Timbuktu]]
[[cy:Tombouctou]]
[[da:Timbuktu]]
[[de:Timbuktu]]
[[el:Τιμπουκτού]]
[[en:Timbuktu]]
[[eo:Timbuktuo]]
[[es:Tombuctú]]
[[et:Tombouctou]]
[[fa:تیمبوکتو]]
[[fi:Timbuktu]]
[[fr:Tombouctou]]
[[fy:Timbûktû]]
[[gl:Tombouctou]]
[[gu:ટિમ્બક્ટુ]]
[[he:טימבוקטו]]
[[hi:टिम्बकटू]]
[[hr:Timbuktu]]
[[hu:Timbuktu]]
[[id:Timbuktu]]
[[ie:Timbuktu]]
[[is:Timbúktú]]
[[it:Timbuctù]]
[[ja:トンブクトゥ]]
[[jv:Timbuktu]]
[[ka:ტომბუქტუ]]
[[kn:ಟಿಂಬಕ್ಟು]]
[[ko:팀북투]]
[[la:Tombutum]]
[[lad:Timbuktu]]
[[lt:Timbuktu]]
[[lv:Timbuktu]]
[[ml:റ്റിംബക്റ്റൂ]]
[[mr:टिंबक्टू]]
[[nah:Timbuctu]]
[[nds:Timbuktu]]
[[nl:Timboektoe (stad)]]
[[nn:Timbuktu]]
[[no:Timbuktu]]
[[pam:Timbuktu]]
[[pl:Timbuktu]]
[[pt:Tombuctu]]
[[ro:Tombouctou]]
[[ru:Тимбукту]]
[[scn:Timbuctù]]
[[sco:Timbuktu]]
[[sh:Timbuktu]]
[[simple:Timbuktu]]
[[sk:Timbuktu (mesto)]]
[[sr:Тимбукту]]
[[sv:Timbuktu]]
[[sw:Timbuktu]]
[[ta:திம்பக்து]]
[[te:టింబక్టు]]
[[th:ทิมบักตู]]
[[tr:Timbuktu]]
[[uk:Тімбукту]]
[[ur:ٹمبکٹو]]
[[vi:Timbuktu]]
[[war:Timbuktu]]
[[wuu:廷巴克图]]
[[yo:Timbuktu]]
[[zh:廷巴克图]]
[[zh-classical:廷巴克圖]]
[[zh-min-nan:Tombouctou]]