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==Introdución==⏎
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'''Lexington''' (oficialmente '''Lexington-Fayette Urban County''') e a segunda cidade en [[Kentucky]] e na [[List of United States cities by population|62nd largest]] nos Estados Unidos.Coñecida como a "Cidade do Puro Sangue" e a "Capital dos Cbalos do Mundo",esta situada no corazón de Kentucki [[región de Bruselas]].No censo de 2011 a poboación da cidade era de 301,569,ancorando unha área metropolitana de 472,099 persoas e unha supericie total de 687,173 persoas.

Lexington ocupa o décimo posto entre as cidades norteamericanas no colexio da taxa de educación,con 39.5% dos residentes que teñen polo menos título de bacharelato.<ref><!--{{cite web |url=http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/departments/elearning/?article=educatedcities |title= {{dead link|date.15 February 2011}} Archived] 2009-10-31 ???}}-->{{cite web |url=http://www.webcitation.org/query?id=1257023661226423 |title=Degrees & Training – Most-Educated Cities in the United States |accessdate=15 February 2011}}</ref> Está e a localización  [[Paeque de Cabalos de Kentucky]], [[Keeneland]] pista de carreira, [[The Red Mile]] pista de carreira, [[Universidade de Transilvania]], a [[Universidade de Kentucky]].
==Historia==
{{See also|Timeline of Lexington, Kentucky, history|History of Kentucky}}

Lexington was founded in June 1775 in what was then [[Virginia]] (17 years before [[Kentucky]] became a state in 1792). A party of frontiersmen, led by William McConnell, camped on the Middle Fork of [[Elkhorn Creek]] (today called Town Branch and rerouted under Vine Street) at the location known today as [[McConnell Springs (springs)|McConnell Springs]]. Upon hearing of the colonists' victory in the [[Battles of Lexington and Concord]], on April 19, 1775, they named their campsite Lexington after [[Lexington, Massachusetts]]. Due to the danger of Indian attacks, permanent settlement was delayed for four years. In 1779, [[Robert Patterson (pioneer)|Colonel Robert Patterson]] and 25 companions came from [[Fort Harrod]] and erected a [[blockhouse]]. Cabins and a stockade were soon built, making the fort, known as [[Bryan Station]], a place of importance.  Colonists defended it against a British and American Indian attack in 1782, during the last part of the [[American Revolution]].

[[Image:Henry Clay's law office.jpg|thumb|right|[[Henry Clay]]'s old law office in Downtown Lexington]]

The town of Lexington was established on May 6, 1782, by an act of the [[Virginia General Assembly]]. The [[First African Baptist Church (Lexington, Kentucky)|First African Baptist Church]] was founded c. 1790 by [[Peter Durrett]],<ref name="First African Baptist Church">[http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/lexington/fab.htm "First African Baptist Church"], ''Lexington: The Athens of the West'', National Park Service. Retrieved 21 August 2010.</ref> a Baptist preacher and [[Slavery in the United States|slave]] held by Rev. Joseph Craig. Durrett helped guide "The Traveling Church", a group migration of several hundred pioneers led by the preacher [[Lewis Craig]] and Captain William Ellis from Virginia to Kentucky in 1781.<ref>{{cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=q6U-AAAAYAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=George+Washington+Ranck,+%27%27The+Traveling+Church&source=bl&ots=MRBBN_3FFM&sig=qNIm003ExI9bMSAyFDGaFdm65rY&hl=en&ei=zwhxTL6WJ5KjnQeG5ai9CA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCEQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=George Washington Ranck, '&#39;The Traveling Church: An Account of the Baptist Exodus from Virginia to Kentucky in 1781 under the Leadership of Rev. Lewis Craig and Capt. William Ellis'&#39;, Louisville, KY: 1910, p. 22, accessed 21 Aug 2010 |publisher=Books.google.com |date=2009-01-27 |accessdate=2011-11-18}}</ref> It is the oldest black Baptist congregation in Kentucky and the third oldest in the United States.<ref name="First African Baptist Church"/>

By 1820, Lexington was one of the largest and wealthiest towns west of the [[Allegheny Mountains]]. So cultured was its lifestyle that the city gained the nickname "Athens of the West". One early prominent citizen, [[John Wesley Hunt]], became the first millionaire west of the Alleghenies. The growing town was devastated by a [[cholera]] epidemic in 1833: 500 of 7,000 residents died within two months, including nearly one-third of the congregation of [[Christ Church Episcopal (Lexington Kentucky)|Christ Church Episcopal]].<ref>[http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/lexington/cce.htm "Christ Church Episcopal"], Lexington, National Park Service. Retrieved 21 August 2010.</ref> [[London Ferrill]], second preacher of First African Baptist, was one of three clergy who stayed in the city to serve the suffering.<ref name=Nutter/> Additional cholera outbreaks occurred in 1848–49 and the early 1850s. Cholera was spread by people using contaminated water supplies, but its transmission was not understood in those years. Often the wealthier people would flee town for outlying areas to try to avoid the spread of disease.

[[Image:VictorianSquareJBM.jpg|thumb|left|Victorian Square in Downtown Lexington]]
Planters held slaves for use as field hands, laborers, artisans, and [[domestic servant]]s. In the city, slaves worked primarily as domestic servants and artisans, although they also worked with merchants, shippers, and in a wide variety of trades. In 1850, one-fifth of the state's population were slaves, and Lexington had the highest concentration of slaves in the state. It also had a population of free blacks. By 1850, First African Baptist Church, led by [[London Ferrill]], a free black, had a congregation of 1820, the largest of any, black or white, in the state.<ref name=Nutter>[http://baptisthistoryhomepage.com/ky.fayette.fbc.black.lex.html H. E. Nutter, ''A Brief History of the First Baptist Church (Black) Lexington, Kentucky''], 1940, accessed 22 Aug 2010</ref>

Many of 19th-century America's most important people spent part of their lives in the city, including U.S. President [[Abraham Lincoln]] and [[President of the Confederate States of America|Confederate President]] [[Jefferson Davis]] (who attended [[Transylvania University]] in 1823 and 1824); [[General officers in the Confederate States Army|Confederate general]] [[John Hunt Morgan]]; [[United States Senate|U.S. Senator]] and [[Vice President of the United States|Vice President]] [[John C. Breckinridge]]; and [[Speaker of the United States House of Representatives|Speaker of the House]], U.S. Senator, and [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]] [[Henry Clay]], who had a [[plantation]] nearby. Lincoln's wife [[Mary Todd Lincoln]] was born and raised in Lexington, and the couple visited the city several times after their marriage in 1842.

In 1935 Lexington founded one of the first [[drug rehabilitation]] clinics, known as the "Addiction Research Center".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.drugabuse.gov/NIDA_Notes/NNVol10N6/ARCHistory.html |title=History of the Addiction Research Center |publisher=Drugabuse.gov |date=1935-05-15 |accessdate=2011-11-18}}</ref> Expanded as the first alcohol and drug rehabilitation hospital in the United States, it was known as "Narco" of Lexington. The hospital was later converted into a [[federal prison]].

==Geography==
[[Image:DwntLexJBM.jpg|thumb|upright|Vine & Broadway in Downtown Lexington]]

Lexington, which includes all [[Fayette County, Kentucky|Fayette County]], consists of {{convert|285.5|sqmi|km2|1}}, mostly gently rolling plateau, in the center of the inner [[Bluegrass region|Bluegrass]] Region. The area is noted for its fertile soil, excellent pastureland, and horse and stock farms. ''[[Smooth Meadow-grass|Poa pratensis]]'' (bluegrass) thrives on the limestone beneath the soil's surface, playing a major role in the area's scenic beauty and in the development of champion horses. Numerous small creeks rise and flow into the [[Kentucky River]].

The Lexington-Fayette Metro area is home to five counties: [[Clark County, Kentucky|Clark]], [[Jessamine County, Kentucky|Jessamine]], [[Bourbon County, Kentucky|Bourbon]], [[Woodford County, Kentucky|Woodford]], and [[Scott County, Kentucky|Scott]]. This is the second largest metro area in the Ohio Valley and in Kentucky. According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|285.5|sqmi|km2}}. {{convert|284.5|sqmi|km2}} of it is land and {{convert|1.0|sqmi|km2}} of it (0.35%) is water.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/21/21067.html |title=Fayette County |publisher=QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau |date= |accessdate=2010-12-29}}</ref>

===Climate===
Lexington is in the [[humid subtropical climate]],<ref>[http://maps.howstuffworks.com/united-states-climate-map.htm How Stuff Works] map of American climate zones.  Retrieved on 31 January 2010</ref> although nearing the [[humid continental climate]]. Summers are hot and humid, and winters are cool with mild periods.

The average temperature in Lexington is {{convert|54.9|F|C}}. Annual precipitation is {{convert|45.68|in|mm}}. Lexington and the Bluegrass have four distinct seasons that include cool plateau breezes, moderate nights in the summer, and no prolonged periods of heat, cold, rain, wind, or snow.

Lexington is recognized as a high allergy area by the [[Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aafa.org/ |title=Information About Asthma, Allergies, Food Allergies and More! |publisher=Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America |date= |accessdate=2010-12-29}}</ref>  The results for the spring of 2008 rank Lexington at first.
{{-}}
{{Weather box
|location = Lexington, Kentucky ([[Blue Grass Airport]]), 1981-2010 normals
|single line = yes
|Jan record high F = 80
|Feb record high F = 80
|Mar record high F = 86
|Apr record high F = 91
|May record high F = 96
|Jun record high F = 104
|Jul record high F = 108
|Aug record high F = 105
|Sep record high F = 103
|Oct record high F = 93
|Nov record high F = 83
|Dec record high F = 75
|year record high F = 108
|Jan high F = 40.9
|Feb high F = 45.5
|Mar high F = 55.3
|Apr high F = 65.7
|May high F = 74.3
|Jun high F = 82.8
|Jul high F = 86.1
|Aug high F = 85.6
|Sep high F = 78.8
|Oct high F = 67.5
|Nov high F = 55.4
|Dec high F = 43.9
|Jan low F = 24.8
|Feb low F = 27.9
|Mar low F = 35.4
|Apr low F = 44.7
|May low F = 54.2
|Jun low F = 62.7
|Jul low F = 66.5
|Aug low F = 65.2
|Sep low F = 57.6
|Oct low F = 46.6
|Nov low F = 37.2
|Dec low F = 28.0
|Jan record low F = −21
|Feb record low F = −20
|Mar record low F = −2
|Apr record low F = 15
|May record low F = 26
|Jun record low F = 39
|Jul record low F = 47
|Aug record low F = 42
|Sep record low F = 32
|Oct record low F = 20
|Nov record low F = −3
|Dec record low F = −19
|year record low F = −21
|Jan precipitation inch = 3.20
|Feb precipitation inch = 3.19
|Mar precipitation inch = 4.07
|Apr precipitation inch = 3.60
|May precipitation inch = 5.26
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.44
|Jul precipitation inch = 4.65
|Aug precipitation inch = 3.25
|Sep precipitation inch = 2.91
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.13
|Nov precipitation inch = 3.52
|Dec precipitation inch = 3.93
|year precipitation inch = 45.14
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan snow inch = 4.3
|Feb snow inch = 4.7
|Mar snow inch = 1.4
|Apr snow inch = 0.3
|May snow inch = 0
|Jun snow inch = 0
|Jul snow inch = 0
|Aug snow inch = 0
|Sep snow inch = 0
|Oct snow inch = 0
|Nov snow inch = 0.3
|Dec snow inch = 2.5
|year snow inch = 13.4
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan precipitation days = 12.1
|Feb precipitation days = 11.1
|Mar precipitation days = 12.4
|Apr precipitation days = 12.1
|May precipitation days = 12.5
|Jun precipitation days = 10.9
|Jul precipitation days = 10.4
|Aug precipitation days = 8.7
|Sep precipitation days = 7.8
|Oct precipitation days = 8.7
|Nov precipitation days = 10.7
|Dec precipitation days = 12.4
|Jan snow days = 4.9
|Feb snow days = 3.8
|Mar snow days = 1.4
|Apr snow days = 0.3
|May snow days = 0
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0
|Oct snow days = 0
|Nov snow days = 0.5
|Dec snow days = 3.0
|source 1 = NOAA <ref name= NOAA>
  {{cite web
  |url = http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=lmk
  |title = NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data
  |publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
  |accessdate = 2012-02-15}}</ref>
|source 2 = The Weather Channel <ref name= Weather.com>
  {{cite web
  |url = http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/40505
  |title = Monthly Averages for Lexington, KY (40505)
  |publisher = [[The Weather Channel]]
  |accessdate = 2012-02-15}}</ref>
|date=February 2012
}}

===Cityscape===
{{Main|Cityscape of Lexington, Kentucky}}

Lexington features a diverse cityscape. From its vibrant downtown, which supports infill and historic preservation projects, to its famed horse farms, the city prides itself in featuring an [[urban growth boundary]] that includes greenbelts and strict zoning definitions.  This has been done not only to protect the Bluegrass landscape from further development but to protect thoroughbred horse farms, the trademark industry of the region.


[[Forbes]] has named Lexington as one of the world's seventeen cleanest cities.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.forbes.com/2007/04/16/worlds-cleanest-cities-biz-logistics-cx_rm_0416cleanest_slide_15.html?thisSpeed=undefined |publisher=Forbes |title=In Pictures: The World's Cleanest Cities |accessdate= 6 April 2010 |first=Robert |last=Malone}}</ref>
[[Image:Lexington Downtown Area Panorama .jpg|thumb|800px|center|Panoramic view of downtown Lexington area.]]

===Planning===
[[Image:Khp.jpg|thumb|left|Lexington's strict urban growth boundary protects area horse farms from development.]]
Lexington faces a rare challenge among American cities in that it must manage a rapidly growing population while maintaining the character of the surrounding horse farms that give the region its identity. To do so Lexington enacted the nation's first [[Urban Growth Boundary]] in 1958, where new development could only occur in the Urban Service Area.  It set a strict minimum area requirement, currently {{convert|40|acre|m2}}, to maintain open space in the Rural Service Area.<ref name="GSAP">{{cite press release | title = Greenbrier Small Area Plan | publisher = Lexington-Fayette Urban County, Kentucky | date = 2003-04-17 | url = ftp://ftp.lfucg.com/Planning/LongRange/greenbrier_plan.pdf | accessdate = 2007-05-20|format=PDF}}</ref> A historic District Zoning Overlay was adopted as well to protect the [[Historic preservation|historic character]] of the surrounding neighborhoods. Two years later, a comprehensive Design Plan for the downtown was completed,<ref name="PlanningHistory">{{cite press release | title = Planning History | publisher = Lexington-Fayette Urban County, Kentucky | url = http://www.lfucg.com/planning/History.asp | accessdate = 2007-05-20}}</ref> which called for the removal of the [[Chesapeake and Ohio Railway]] lines on what is today's Vine Street. In 1967, the Urban Service Area was decreased in area; various zoning regulations were also amended from the original 1958 issue. Several years later, in 1973, the first Lexington Comprehensive Plan was completed.

[[Image:DowntownLexUpperJBM.jpg|thumb|Cheapside Ave in Downtown, now closed to vehicles]]

In 1980, the Comprehensive Plan was updated and the Urban Service Area was modified to include Urban Activity Centers and Rural Activity Centers.<ref name="PlanningHistory"/> The Urban Activity Centers were commercial and light-industrial districts in urbanized areas, while Rural Activity Centers were retail trade and light-industrial centers clustered around the [[Interstate 64]]/[[Interstate 75]] interchanges. In 1996, the Urban Service Area was expanded when {{convert|5300|acre|km2|0}} of the Rural Service Area was acquired through the Expansion Area Master Plan.<ref name="GSAP"/> This was not without controversy; the first major update to the Comprehensive Plan in over a decade was accompanied by arguments about the future of Lexington and the thoroughbred farms.<ref name="PlanningHistory"/> The Expansion Area Master Plan included impact fees, assessment districts, neighborhood design concepts, design overlays, mandatory greenways, major roadway improvements, stormwater management and open space mitigation for the first time; it also included a draft of the Rural Land Management Plan, which included large-lot zoning and traffic impact controls. A pre-zoning of the entire expansion area was refuted in the Plan. A {{convert|50|acre|m2|sing=on}} minimum proposal was also defeated, although discussion of the proposal led to a deluge of {{convert|10|acre|m2|sing=on}} subdivisions in the Rural Service Areas.<ref name="PlanningHistory"/>

Three years after the expansion was initiated, the Rural Service Area Land Management Plan was adopted, which increased the minimum lot size in the agricultural rural zones to {{convert|40|acre|m2|adj=on}} minimums.<ref name="GSAP"/> In 1998, a moratorium was issued on rural lot creations to curb the development of new rural {{convert|10|acre|m2|adj=on}} subdivisions, which were incompatible with the existing agricultural uses. Two years later, the Purchase of Development Rights plan was adopted, which granted the city power to purchase the development rights of existing farms; in 2001, $40 million was allocated to the plan from a $25 million local, $15 million state grant.<ref name="PlanningHistory"/> An Infill and Redevelopment study was also initiated during that time, along with design guidelines for the areas surrounding the new [[Fayette County, Kentucky|Fayette County]] courthouses.foi fundada en 1775 en que era entón [[Virginia]] (17 anos antes [[Kentucky]] tornouse un estado en 1792). Un grupo de bandeirantes, liderado por William McConnell, acampados en Middle Fork de [[Elkhorn Creek]] (oxe chamado de Poder Municipal e recamiñado en Vine Street) no lugar hoxe coñecido como [[McConnell Springs (resortes)|McConnell Resortes]].Ao saber da victoria dos colonos nas [[Btallas de Lexington e Concord]], o 19 de Abril,de 1775,deron do seu campamento Lexington despois [[Lexington, Massachusetts]].Debido ao perigo dos ataques de indios,permanentemente o asentamento foi asediado por catro anos. En 1779, [[Robert Patterson (pioneiro)|Colonel Robert Patterson]] e 25 compañeiros viñan de [[Fort Harrod]] e unha [[palafita]]. Cabinas e unha estacada pronto foron construídas,facendo o forte, coñecido como [[Estación de Bryan]],un lugar importante.Os Colonos contra un ataque británico e americano en 1782, durante a última parte da  [[Revolución Americana]].

[[Imaxen:Henry Clay's lei office.jpg|thumb|right|[[Henry Clay]]'s bufete bello de avogados no Centro de Lexington]]

A cidade  de Lexington foi establecida o 6 de Maio de 1782, por un acto da [[Asamblea Xeral de Virxinia]]. A [[Primeira Igrexa Batista Africana (Lexington, Kentucky)|Primeira Igrexa Bastista Africana]]foi fundada c. 1790 por [[Peter Durrett]],<ref name="Primeira Igrexa Batista africana">[http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/lexington/fab.htm "Primeira Igrexa Batista africana"], ''Lexington:A Atenas do Oeste'',Parque Nacional de Servicio. Traído o  21 de Agosto de 2010.</ref> un predicador Batista e [[A escravitude nos Estados Unidos|escravo]] realizada por Rev. Joseph Craig. Durrett serviu de guía  "A Igrexa Viaxes", un grupo de misioneiros de varios centor de pioneiros liderados polo predicador [[Lewis Craig]] e o Capitán William Ellis de Virginia para Kentucky en 1781.


En 1820, Lexington era unha das cidades máis ricas do oeste de [[Allegheny Mountains]].Entón a cultura era o estilo de vida coa que a cidade gañou o apelido de "Atenas de Occidente.Un cidadán destaca nos seus incios, [[John Wesley Hunt]],tornouse o primeiro millonario do oeste das Alleghenies. A cidade en crecemento foi devastasda por un [[cólera]]a epidemia en  1833: 500 dos 7,000 morreron dentro en dous meses, incluíndo case un terzo da congregación da [[Igrexa Episcopal de Cristo (Lexington Kentucky)|Igrexa Episcpal de Cristo]].<ref>[http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/lexington/cce.htm "Igrexa Episcopal de Cristo"], Lexington,Parque Nacional de Servicio.Traído o 21 de Agosto de 2010.</ref> [[London Ferrill]], segundo predicador da primeira Igrexa africana Batista,foi un dos tres clérigos que se hospedaron na cidade para servir ao sufrimento.<ref name=Nutter/> brotes de cólera adicionais ocorreron entre 1848-1849 e principios de 1850. O cólera foi espallado por persoas que usaban fontes de auga contaminada.pero non foi entendida neses anos.Moitas veces ,as persoas máis ricas fuxían da cidade a zonas máis periféricas para intentar evitar a propagación da enfermidade.

[[Image:VictorianSquareJBM.jpg|thumb|left|Praza victoriana no centro de Lexington]]
Os agricultores posuían escravos para o seu uso como traballadores do campo e [[empragadas do fogar]]s. Na cidade,principalmente escravos traballabn como empregados do fogar e artesáns,aínda que tamén traballaban como cormerciantes,cargadores e demáis. En 1850,un quinto da población do estado eran escravos,e Lexington tivo a maior concentración de esravos do Estado.Tamén tiña unha población de negros libres. En 1850,a Primeira Igrexa Batista Africana,liderada por [[London Ferrill]],un negro libre,en 1820 tiña a maior congregación,negros ou brancos,de todo o estado.<ref name=Nutter>[http://baptisthistoryhomepage.com/ky.fayette.fbc.black.lex.html H. E. Nutter, ''Unha breve historia da Primeira Igrexa Batista (Negro) Lexington, Kentucky''], 1940,consultado o 22 de Agosto de 2010</ref>


==Geography==
[[Image:DwntLexJBM.jpg|thumb|upright|Vine & Broadway in Downtown Lexington]]

Lexington, which includes all [[Fayette County, Kentucky|Fayette County]], consists of {{convert|285.5|sqmi|km2|1}}, mostly gently rolling plateau, in the center of the inner [[Bluegrass region|Bluegrass]] Region. The area is noted for its fertile soil, excellent pastureland, and horse and stock farms. ''[[Smooth Meadow-grass|Poa pratensis]]'' (bluegrass) thrives on the limestone beneath the soil's surface, playing a major role in the area's scenic beauty and in the development of champion horses. Numerous small creeks rise and flow into the [[Kentucky River]].

The Lexington-Fayette Metro area is home to five counties: [[Clark County, Kentucky|Clark]], [[Jessamine County, Kentucky|Jessamine]], [[Bourbon County, Kentucky|Bourbon]], [[Woodford County, Kentucky|Woodford]], and [[Scott County, Kentucky|Scott]]. This is the second largest metro area in the Ohio Valley and in Kentucky. According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|285.5|sqmi|km2}}. {{convert|284.5|sqmi|km2}} of it is land and {{convert|1.0|sqmi|km2}} of it (0.35%) is water.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/21/21067.html |title=Fayette County |publisher=QuickFacts from the US Census Bureau |date= |accessdate=2010-12-29}}</ref>