Revision 5367716 of "Diego Garcia" on hrwiki

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| [[Datoteka:DiegoGarcia1.png|mini|250px|desno|Položaj Diega Garcíje]]
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| [[Datoteka:diegogarcia.jpg|mini|250px|desno|Zračna snimka atola Diega Garcíje]]
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'''Diego García''' je [[atol]] površine 22 kilometra četvorna. 

Nalazi se u središnjem dijelu [[Indijski ocean|Indijskom oceanu]], na 7°19' južne zemljopisne širine i 72°25' istočne zemljopisne dužine.

Udaljen je 1600 km od Indije.

Najveći je od 52 otoka koji čine otočje [[Chagos]].

Dijelom je [[BIOT]]-a, [[Britanska prekomorska područja|Britanskih prekomorskih područja]].

Od [[raseljavanje Diega Garcie|raseljavanja Diega Garcie]] u godinama prije 1973., koristilo ga se kao vojnu bazu za [[SAD]].

Na Diegu Garcíji se nalazi jedna od triju [[antena]] (druge dvije su na [[Kwajalein]]u i otoku [[Ascension (otok)|Ascension]]u) koje pomažu u radu navigacijskog sustava [[GPS]].

Do 1973., Diego García je imao svoje domorodačko stanovništvo, znane kao [[Ilois]] (ili Chagosanci), koje je bilo sastavljeno od potomaka istočnoindijskih radnika i afričkih robova dovedenih na otok u 18. i 19. stoljeću za raditi na [[plantaža]]ma [[kokos]]a i [[kopra|kopre]].

Iloisi su raseljeni, tako što ih se preselilo na [[Sejšeli|Sejšele]] i [[Mauricijus]]. Raseljeni optužuju vlasti Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva i SAD-a da su se služili taktikama izgladnjivanja, zastrašivanja, a među optužbama, navodi se i ubijanje otočkih pasa od strane američkih vojnika.

[[Datoteka:CIA-DG-BIOT.jpg|desno|mini|200px|Zemljovid atola Diega Garcíje]]

<!--
 Ever since their expulsion, the Ilois have continually asserted their right to return to Diego Garcia; see the Politics section for more details.  In April 2006, 102 Chagossians were allowed to visit Diego Garcia for a week, to tend to graves and visit their birthplaces.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4909264.stm "Emotional return for Chagossians"].  ''BBC News''.  14 April 2006.  URL accessed 1 June 2006.</ref> <ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,,1785297,00.html "Out of Eden"].  John Pilger, ''The Guardian''.  29 May 2006.  URL accessed 1 June 2006</ref>
[[Datoteka:BIOTcops.JPG|mini|lijevo|280px|Diego Garcia Police Station]]
Now, Diego Garcia is home to a [[military base]] jointly operated by the [[United States]] and the [[United Kingdom]], although in practice it is largely run as a US base, with only a small number of British forces and Royal Overseas Police Officers (ROPOs).
The base serves as a naval refuelling and support station.  It has an [[airbase]] that supports the largest of modern [[aircraft]].  [[B-52 Stratofortress|B-52]]s and other [[bomber]]s have been deployed from Diego Garcia on missions to [[Iraq]] during the [[Gulf War|1990 Gulf War]], and to [[Afghanistan]] in the [[2001 U.S. Attack on Afghanistan]].  High-tech portable shelters to support the [[B-2 Spirit|B-2]] bomber were built on the island before the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]]. The base is part of the [[U.S. Space Surveillance Network]],<ref>[http://www.stratcom.mil/fact_sheets/fact_spc.html United State Strategic Command: "Re-entry Assessment and Space Surveillance"].  US Strategic Command.  March 2004.  URL accessed 1 June 2006</ref> with a 3 telescope [[GEODSS]] station, and is a [[NASA]] [[Space Shuttle]] emergency landing site.<ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/space/facility/sts-els.htm "Space Shuttle Emergency Landing Sites"].  ''GlobalSecurity.org''.  URL accessed 1 June 2006.</ref>

Neither the US nor the UK recognises Diego Garcia as being subject to the [[African Nuclear Weapons Free Zone Treaty]], even though the rest of the [[Chagos Archipelago]] is included, suggesting the US wishes to maintain the freedom to base [[nuclear weapon]]s there.

The agreement between the UK and US for the US to use the island as a military base was made in [[1966]]. It specifies that the agreement runs until 2036, but that either government can opt out of the agreement in 2016.

== Politics ==
[[Datoteka:CIA-DG-BIOT.jpg|desno|mini|200px|Detailed map of Diego Garcia]]
In [[2000]], the High Court granted the islanders the right to return to the Archipelago and granted them UK citizenship. In [[2002]] the islanders and their descendants, now numbering 4,500, returned to court claiming compensation, after what they said were two years of delays by the [[Foreign and Commonwealth Office|British Foreign Office]]. However, on [[10 June]][[2004]] the British government made two [[Order-in-Council|Orders-in-Council]] banning the islanders from returning home,<ref>[http://www.fco.gov.uk/servlet/Front?pagename=OpenMarket/Xcelerate/ShowPage&c=Page&cid=1007029391629&a=KArticle&aid=1087553733971 "Developments in the British Indian Ocean Territory"].  UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office.  15 June 2004.  URL accessed 1 June 2006.</ref> reversing the [[2000]] court decision.  Some of the Ilois are making return plans to turn Diego Garcia into a sugarcane and fishing enterprise as soon as the defense agreement expires (possibly as early as 2016, but almost certainly in 2036 - unless the agreement is renewed). A few dozen other Ilois are still fighting to be housed in the [[United Kingdom|UK]]<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/southern_counties/3977853.stm "Exiles protest in Downing Street"].  ''BBC News''.  3 November 2004.  URL accessed 1 June 2006.</ref>.

On [[May 11]], [[2006]] the British High Court ruled that the 2004 Orders-in-Council were unlawful, and consequently that the Ilois were entitled to return to the Chagos Archipelago.<ref>[http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/05/12/wchag12.xml&sSheet=/news/2006/05/12/ixnews.html "Britain shamed as exiles of the Chagos Islands win the right to go home"].  Neil Tweedie, ''The Daily Telegraph''.  12 May 2006.  URL accessed 1 June 2006.</ref> It remains to be seen whether the British Government will appeal, and when or how the judgment might be implemented in practice.

Human rights groups claim that the military base is used by the US government for the controversial "[[extraordinary rendition]]" of prisoners. The  former [[Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs|British Foreign Secretary]] [[Jack Straw (politician)|Jack Straw]] stated in [[British parliament|parliament]] that US authorities have repeatedly assured him that no detainees have passed in transit through Diego Garcia or have disembarked there.<ref>[http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200304/cmhansrd/vo040621/text/40621w13.htm#40621w13.html_wqn9 "House of Commons Hansard Written Answers for 21 Jun 2004"].  UK Parliament.  21 June 2004.  URL accessed 1 June 2006.</ref>

==Strategic importance==

During the [[Cold War]] era, the United States was keen on establishing a military base in the Indian Ocean. Due to Diego Garcia's proximity to [[India]], a potential ally of the [[Soviet Union]], the United States saw the island as a strategically important one. US military activities in Diego Garcia have caused friction between India and US in the past.<ref>[http://www.wsws.org/articles/2004/dec2004/bush-d30.shtml "Bush’s response to South Asia disaster: indifference compounded by political incompetence"].  Patrick Martin, ''World Socialist Web Site''.  30 December 2004.  URL accessed 1 June 2006.</ref> India has repeatedly demanded that the US dismantle this military base<ref>[http://pd.cpim.org/2001/july01/july012k1_indo_us.htm "Making India an Appendage to US"].  Sitaram Yechury, Communist Party of India (Marxist).  1 July 2001.  URL accessed 1 June 2006.</ref>. However, after the end of the Cold War, relations between India and US have improved dramatically. Diego Garcia was the site of several naval exercises between the [[US Navy|US]] and [[Indian Navy]] held between [[2001]] and [[2004]].
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==Vanjske poveznice==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060718083438/http://www.dg.navy.mil/ Official site of the United States Navy Support Facility, Diego Garcia.]
* [http://www.northwood.mod.uk/pjobs/biot/biot.htm Official site of the UK PJHQ Overseas Bases, Diego Garcia.]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080306131202/http://www.cooperativeresearch.org//timeline.jsp?timeline=diego_garcia Diego Garcia] Timeline posted at the [[Center for Cooperative Research]]
* [http://www.mydiegogarcia.com Photo and written library of the islands and their environment]
* [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/facility/diego-garcia.htm Diego Garcia "Camp Justice"], GlobalSecurity.org
* [https://archive.is/20121205061341/homepage.ntlworld.com/jksonc/docs/bancoult-d16b1.html US/UK BIOT defence agreements, 1966-1982], US Court filing
* [http://www.infoplease.com/spot/dg.html Where in the World Is Diego Garcia?], Infoplease.com
* [http://www.granta.com/extracts/1225 Simon Winchester on Diego Garcia, in ''Granta'' Magazine]
* [http://maps.google.com/maps?q=&t=k&ll=-7.318882,72.443848&spn=2.250064,3.658447&t=k Diego Garcia on Google Maps]

[[Kategorija:Otoci u Indijskom oceanu]]
[[Kategorija:Britanska prekomorska područja]]