Revision 11881999 of "Szerkesztő:Palocvend/Királyok" on huwiki

{{Uralkodó infobox 
| név               = III. Malcolm<br /> (''Máel Coluim mac Donnchada'')
| állam             = 
| megnevezés        = skót király
| kép               =
| képaláírás        = 
| uralkodás_kezdete = 1058
| uralkodás_vége    = 1093.
| koronázás dátuma  = 1058. április 25.?, [[Scone]]
| teljes_név        = 
| előd              = [[Lulach skót király|Lulach]] (''Lulach mac Gille Comgaín'')
| utód              = [[III. Donald skót király|III. Donald]] (Domnall Bán mac Donnchada)
| házastárs         = Ingebjorg Finnsdotter<br>[[Skóciai Szent Margit]]
| gyermekei         = Eduárd, Edmund, [[Edgar skót király|Edgar]], <br /> [[I. Sándor skót király|I. Sándor]], [[I. Dávid skót király|I. Dávid]]
| uralkodóház       = Dunkeld-ház
| édesapa           = [[I. Duncan skót király|I. Duncan]] (''Donnchad mac Crínáin'')
| édesanya          = Suthen
| születési dátum   = 
| születési hely    = 
| halálozási dátum  = 1093. november 13.
| halálozási hely   = Alnwick, Northumberland, [[Anglia]]
| nyughelye         = Tynemouth
| temetés dátuma    = 
}}
{{Infobox monarch
| name            =Donald III
| title           =King of Scots
| image           =[[File:Donaldb.jpg|180px]]
| caption         =
| succession      =[[King of Scots]]<br><small>(first time)</small>
| reign           =1093&ndash;1094
| coronation      =
| predecessor     =[[Malcolm III of Scotland|Malcolm III]]
| successor       =[[Duncan II of Scotland|Duncan II]]
| succession1     =[[King of Scots]]<br><small>(second time)</small>
| reign1          =1094&ndash;1097
| coronation1     =
| predecessor1    =[[Duncan II of Scotland|Duncan II]]
| successor1      =[[Edgar of Scotland|Edgar]]
| issue           = Bethóc; Ladhmann?
| royal house     = [[House of Dunkeld|Dunkeld]]
| royal anthem    =
| father          =[[Duncan I of Scotland]] (''Donnchad mac Crínáin'')
| mother          =Suthen
| date of birth   =before 1040
| place of birth  =
| date of death   =1099
| place of death  =Rescobie, [[Angus]], [[Forfarshire]], [[Scotland]]
| date of burial  =
| place of burial =Dunkeld Abbey, later removed to [[Iona]]
|}}

'''Domnall mac Donnchada''' ([[Scottish Gaelic language|Modern Gaelic]]: ''Dòmhnall mac Dhonnchaidh''),<ref>''Domnall mac Donnchada'' is the Mediaeval form </ref> [[anglicisation|anglicised]] as '''Donald III''', and nicknamed '''Domnall Bán''', "Donald the Fair" (anglicised as '''Donald Bane''' or '''Donalbane'''), (died  1099) was [[King of Scots]] from 1094–1097.<ref>Donald's elder brother Malcolm III (Máel Coluim mac Donnchada) is presumed to have been between two and ten years of age in 1040; Duncan, p. 42. [[Walter Bower]]'s ''[[Scotichronicon]]'' says that Donald passed his exile during the reign of [[Macbeth of Scotland|Macbeth]] (Mac Bethad mac Findlaích) in the [[Hebrides]], but this is unlikely given his age; McDonald, p. 104.</ref> He was the second known son of [[Duncan I of Scotland|Duncan I]] (Donnchad mac Crínáin).

Donald's activities during the reign of his elder brother [[Malcolm III of Scotland|Malcolm III]] (Máel Coluim mac Donnchada) are not recorded. It appears that he was not his brother's chosen heir, contrary to earlier custom, but that Malcolm had designated Edward, his eldest son by [[Saint Margaret of Scotland|Margaret of Wessex]], as the king to come.<ref>''Scottish Annals'', p. 112, quoting [[Symeon of Durham]]; Duncan, p. 54; Oram, ''David I'', p. 39.</ref> If this was Malcolm's intent, his death and that of Edward on campaign in [[Northumbria]] in November 1093 (see [[Battle of Alnwick (1093)]]) confounded his plans. These deaths were followed very soon afterwards by that of Queen Margaret.

[[John of Fordun]] reports that Donald invaded the kingdom after Margaret's death "at the head of a numerous band", and laid siege to [[Edinburgh]] with Malcolm's sons by Margaret inside. Fordun has [[Edgar Ætheling]], concerned for his nephews' well-being, take the sons of Malcolm and Margaret to England.<ref>Fordun, V, xxi.</ref> [[Andrew of Wyntoun]]'s much simpler account has Donald become king and banish his nephews. The [[Anglo-Saxon Chronicle]] records only that Donald was chosen as king and expelled the English from the court.<ref>''Scottish Annals'', pp.117&ndash;118; Oram, ''David I'', pp. 40&ndash;41.</ref>

In May 1094, Donald's nephew [[Duncan II of Scotland|Duncan]] (Donnchad mac Maíl Coluim), son of Malcolm and his first wife [[Ingibiorg Finnsdottir]], invaded at the head of an army of Anglo-Normans and Northumbrians, aided by his half-brother [[Edmund of Scotland|Edmund]] and his father-in-law [[Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria]]. This invasion succeeded in placing Duncan on the throne as Duncan II, but an uprising defeated his allies and he was compelled to send away his foreign troops. Duncan was then killed on 12 November 1094 by [[Máel Petair of Mearns|Máel Petair]], [[Mormaer of Mearns]].<ref>Oram, ''David I'', pp. 42&ndash;44.</ref> The [[Annals of Ulster]] say that Duncan was killed on the orders of Donald (incorrectly called his brother) and Edmund.<ref>Annals of Ulster, s.a. 1094.</ref>

Donald resumed power, probably with Edmund as his designated heir.<ref>Duncan, pp. 55&ndash;56; Oram, ''David I'', pp. 44&ndash;45.</ref> Donald was an elderly man by the standards of the day, approaching sixty years old, and without any known sons, so that an heir was clearly required. [[William of Malmesbury]] says that Edmund bargained "for half the kingdom", suggesting that Donald granted his nephew an [[appanage]] to rule.<ref>Anderson, ''SAEC'', pp. 118&ndash;119.</ref>

[[Edgar of Scotland|Edgar]], eldest surviving son of Malcolm and Margaret, obtained the support of [[William Rufus]], although other matters delayed Edgar's return on the coat-tails of an English army led by his uncle Edgar Ætheling.<ref>Oram, ''David I'', p. 45.</ref> Donald's fate is not entirely clear. William of Malmesbury tells us that he was "slain by the craftiness of [[David I of Scotland|David]] [the later David I] ... and by the strength of William [Rufus]".<ref name="Anderson, SAEC, p. 119">Anderson, ''SAEC'', p. 119.</ref> The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle says of Donald that he was expelled,<ref name="Anderson, SAEC, p. 119"/>  while the [[Annals of Tigernach]] have him blinded by his brother.<ref>Annals of Tigernach, s.a. 1097.</ref> [[John of Fordun]], following the king-lists, writes that Donald was "blinded, and doomed to eternal imprisonment" by Edgar. The place of his imprisonment was said to be Rescobie, by [[Forfar]], in [[Angus]].<ref>Fordun, V, xxvi; Duncan, pp. 57&ndash;58; Oram, ''David I'', pp. 47&ndash;48.</ref> The sources differ as to whether Donald was first buried at [[Dunfermline Abbey]] or [[Dunkeld Cathedral]], but agree that his remains were later moved to [[Iona]].

Donald left two daughters but no sons.  His daughter Bethoc married Uctred (or Hadrian) de Tyndale, Lord of Tyndale, the probable ancestor of the Barons de Tyndale and the [[Tyndall|Tyndale/Tindal family]] <ref>Young, Alan, Robert the Bruce's Rivals: The Comyns, 1213-1314, (East Linton, 1997), pp15 -</ref>.  Their daughter, Hextilda, married [[Richard Comyn]], [[Justiciar of Lothian]]. The claims of [[John II Comyn, Lord of Badenoch]] to the crown in the [[Great Cause]] came from Donald through Bethóc and Hextilda.<ref>Duncan, pp. 241, 270, & 348&ndash;349.</ref> Ladhmann son of Domnall, "grandson of the King of Scots", who died in 1116 might have been a son of Donald.<ref>Annals of Ulster, s.a. 1116; McDonald, p. 23. He may equally have been a son of Domnall, son of Máel Coluim who died in 1085, who may in turn have been a son of Malcolm III or of [[Máel Coluim of Moray|Máel Coluim mac Maíl Brigti]], [[Mormaer of Moray]].</ref>

The minor character of ''Donalbain'' in [[William Shakespeare]]'s play ''[[Macbeth]]'' represents Donald III.

==Ancestry==
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|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Donald III of Scotland'''
|2= 2. [[Duncan I of Scotland]]
|3= 3. Suthen
|4= 4. [[Crínán of Dunkeld]]
|5= 5. [[Bethóc]]
|10= 10. [[Malcolm II of Scotland]]
}}</center>
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==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
<div class="references-small">
*[[Alan Orr Anderson|Anderson, Alan Orr]], ''Scottish Annals from English Chroniclers A.D. 500&ndash;1286.'' D. Nutt, London, 1908.
*Ashley, Mike., "British Kings & Queens." Carroll & Graf, NY,2002. ISBN 0-7867-1104-3, pg. 115
*Duncan, A.A.M., ''The Kingship of the Scots 842–1292: Succession and Independence.'' Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh, 2002. ISBN 0-7486-1626-8
*[[John of Fordun]], ''Chronicle of the Scottish Nation'', ed. [[William Forbes Skene]], tr. Felix J.H. Skene, 2 vols. Reprinted, Llanerch Press, Lampeter, 1993. ISBN 1-897853-05-X
*McDonald, R. Andrew, ''Outlaws of Medieval Scotland: Challenges to the Canmore Kings, 1058&ndash;1266.'' Tuckwell Press, East Linton, 2003. ISBN 1-86232-236-8
*[[Richard Oram|Oram, Richard]], ''David I: The King Who Made Scotland.'' Tempus, Stroud, 2004. ISBN 0-7524-2825-X
*Oram, Richard, ''The Canmores: Kings & Queens of the Scots 1040&ndash;1290.'' Tempus, Stroud, 2002. ISBN 0-7524-2325-8
</div>

[[ca:Donald III d'Escòcia]]
[[de:Donald III. (Schottland)]]
[[es:Domnall Bán]]
[[fr:Donald III d'Écosse]]
[[it:Donald III di Scozia]]
[[he:דונלד השלישי, מלך סקוטלנד]]
[[la:Donaldus III (rex Scotiae)]]
[[nl:Donald III van Schotland]]
[[ja:ドナルド3世 (スコットランド王)]]
[[no:Donald III av Skottland]]
[[pt:Donaldo III da Escócia]]
[[fi:Donald Bane]]
[[sv:Donald III av Skottland]]

== Források ==
{{Fordítás|en|Malcolm III of Scotland|oldid=309330505}}

{{DEFAULTSORT: Malcolm 03}}
<nowiki>[[Kategória:A Brit-szigetek uralkodóinak listái|Brit-szigetek]]
[[Kategória:Skót uralkodók]]</nowiki>

{{Skócia uralkodója|
előző=[[Lulach skót király|Lulach]]|
következő=[[III. Donald skót király|III. Donald]]|
évek=[[1058]]–[[1093]]}}