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Saint-Raphaël
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{{Infobox French commune
|name               = Saint-Raphaël
|image coat of arms = Blason ville fr Saint-Raphaël (Var).svg
|region             = Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
|department         = Var
|arrondissement     = Draguignan
|canton             = Saint-Raphaël
|INSEE              = 83118
|postal code        = 83700 and 83530
|mayor              = Georges Ginesta
|term               = 2008–2014
|intercommunality   = Fréjus Saint-Raphaël
|longitude          = 6.768377
|latitude           = 43.425178
|elevation m        = 10
|elevation min m    = 0
|elevation max m    = 560
|area km2           = 89.59
|population         = 34425
|population date    = 2006
}}

'''Saint-Raphaël''' ({{lang-oc|Sant Rafèu}}) adalah suatu ''commune'' (kelurahan) di ''[[département]]'' (kabupaten) [[Var]] di [[Perancis]] Selatan.

Immediately to the west of Saint-Raphaël lies another, older, town called [[Fréjus]], and together they form an urban agglomeration known as Fréjus Saint-Raphaël. The Var lies in the region called [[Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur]], often abbreviated to PACA.

In the second half of the nineteenth century the township came under the influence of mayor Felix Martin and writer Alphonse Karr, and owing to their efforts and the beneficial climate the commune developed into a seaside resort popular with artists, sportsmen and politicians.

It is the headquarters of the Fréjus Saint-Raphaël ''canton'', which is the economic and cultural center of eastern Var and lies in the arrondisement of Draguignan. Its inhabitants are called ''Raphaëlois'' in French generally, or ''Rafelencs'' in Provençal Occitan.

== Geography ==
Saint-Raphaël is located at the extreme eastern end of the Var, along the border with the adjacent ''département'' of Alpes-Maritimes, which occupies the far south-eastern corner of France at the frontier with Italy. The commune has a total of thirty-six kilometres of Mediterranean coastline,<ref>http://www.saint-raphael.com</ref> owing mainly to the many coves and creeks formed between the natural region of the Esterel Massif and the sea.  This places it second only to Marseilles, with fifty-seven kilometres of coastline. The commune is 89.59&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> in extent. It is almost completely urbanised in the west, but includes over 60&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> of protected areas of natural forest and the Esterel mountains.

Saint-Raphaël has four large sandy beaches: one near the city centre, called the Veillat; one at Boulouris; one at Le Dramont, and the fourth at Agay. There are two smaller ones at Anthéor et Le Trayas.

=== Rivers ===
Saint-Raphaël is separated from Fréjus by the river Pédégal: fed by the Garonne, the Adrets-of-l'Esterel, Saint-Jean-de-Cannes and Saint-Jean-de-l'Esterel.

The River Agay flows from the mountains down through the village of that name, and is fed by the streams Cabre, Perthus and Grenouillet. The Grenouillet is the most important of these streams, having average flows of between 43 cu m/s in July and 1160 cu m/s in January.

The River Valescure, which is chanelled through the ''Barrage des Crous'' (dam), discharges into the River Reyran at Fréjus.

=== Mountains ===
From east to west the commune has several mountain summits rising from the massif. Mont Vinaigre stands at 618 metres (2027&nbsp;ft), Rastel d'Agay at 287&nbsp;m (942&nbsp;ft), Pic de l'Ours (carrying a transmitter aerial) at 492&nbsp;m (1614&nbsp;ft), Pic du Cap Roux at 453&nbsp;m (1486&nbsp;ft), and Pic d'Aurèle at 322&nbsp;m (1056&nbsp;ft).

Situated almost entirely on the Esterel Massif, the commune sits on soil of red porphyr, which makes for very picturesque scenes along the coast where the soil and rocks are exposed on cliff faces and rocky shores. Three important and spectacular rocks dominate the seascape: Cap Roux at 360&nbsp;m (1181&nbsp;ft), Saint-Pilon at 295&nbsp;m (968&nbsp;ft), and the Rock of Saint-Barthélemy.

=== Adjacent places ===
Immediately to the west and north-west of Saint-Raphaël lies the ancient town of Fréjus. To the north lie the hamlets of Saint-Jean-de-l'Esterel et Saint-Jean-de-Cannes, both within the Fréjus commune. To the extreme north-east, beyond Le Trayas, is the small resort of Miramar, lying within the commune of Théoule-sur-Mer. The Mediterranean Sea lies to the south of the whole Saint-Raphaël commune.

== Climate ==
St. Raphaël is located on the Côte d'Azur and enjoys a Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild, humid winters. The Mistral wind occurs, although sometimes the town is sheltered from this by the Massif des Maures and the Esterel.  It is perhaps more exposed to the Levant (strong, easterly, wet) or the Sirocco (very strong, southerly, hot) air flows, but fortunately these occur rarely. The wind velocity record was established on 30 January 1986, with gusts of 140&nbsp;km per hour.
{{-}}
{|width="100%" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;font-size:87%;line-height:120%"
|-
!style="text-align:right"|Month!!Jan!!Feb!!Mar!!Apr!!May!!Jun!!Jul!!Aug!!Sep!!Oct!!Nov!!Dec!!Yearly
|-
!style="text-align:left"|Maximum mean temperature (°C)
|style="background:#FFFF99"|13
|style="background:#FFFF99"|13
|style="background:#FFCC66"|15
|style="background:#FFA000"|18
|style="background:#FF8000"|21
|style="background:#FF0000"|25
|style="background:#FF0000"|28
|style="background:#FF0000"|28
|style="background:#FF0000"|25
|style="background:#FF8000"|21
|style="background:#FFCC66"|16
|style="background:#FFFF99"|13
|style="background:#FFA000"|19.6
|-
!style="text-align:left"|Minimum mean temperature (°C)
|style="background:#80CCFF"|3
|style="background:#80CCFF"|4
|style="background:#CCCCFF"|5
|style="background:#CCCCFF"|7
|style="background:#FFFFFF"|10
|style="background:#FFFF99"|14
|style="background:#FFCC66"|16
|style="background:#FFCC66"|16
|style="background:#FFFF99"|14
|style="background:#FFFFFF"|11
|style="background:#CCCCFF"|6
|style="background:#80CCFF"|3
|style="background:#CCFFFF"|9.1
|-
!style="text-align:left"|Average mean temperature (°C)
|style="background:#CCFFFF"|8
|style="background:#CCFFFF"|9
|style="background:#FFFFFF"|10
|style="background:#FFFF99"|13
|style="background:#FFCC66"|16
|style="background:#FFA000"|19
|style="background:#FF8000"|22
|style="background:#FF8000"|22
|style="background:#FFA000"|19
|style="background:#FFCC66"|16
|style="background:#FFFFFF"|11
|style="background:#CCFFFF"|8
|style="background:#FFFF99"|14.4
|-
!style="text-align:left"|Sunshine (hours)
|style="background:#B8B8B8"|147.8
|style="background:#B8B8B8"|148.9
|style="background:#CCCCFF"|203.2
|style="background:#CCFFFF"|252.1
|style="background:#CCCCFF"|234.9
|style="background:#CCFFFF"|280.6
|style="background:#FFFFFF"|310.3
|style="background:#FFFFFF"|355.5
|style="background:#FFFFFF"|319.5
|style="background:#CCCCFF"|247.0
|style="background:#CCCCFF"|201.5
|style="background:#B8B8B8"|145.5
|style="background:#FFFFFF"|2748.1
|-
!style="text-align:left"|Mean monthly precipitation (mm)
|style="background:#80CCFF"|89.6
|style="background:#80CCFF"|85.4
|style="background:#80CCFF"|72.3
|style="background:#80CCFF"|62.1
|style="background:#CCFFFF"|48.7
|style="background:#FFFFFF"|37.9
|style="background:#FFFFFF"|14.6
|style="background:#CCFFFF"|42.6
|style="background:#80CCFF"|59.0
|style="background:#80CCFF"|117.0
|style="background:#80CCFF"|108.9
|style="background:#80CCFF"|85.6
|style="background:#FFFFFF"|823.4
|-
|colspan="14" style="font-size:100%;text-align:center"|''Source : Monthly Climate in Saint-Raphaël<ref>[http://www.infoclimat.fr/climatologie/index.php?s=07680&aff=details Archives climatologiques mensuelles - Saint-Raphaël (1961-1990)]</ref>.
|}

== Travel ==
=== Rail ===
The town's modern rail station is named 'Saint-Raphaël-Valescure' and offers national, regional and local train services.

:High-speed TGV and iDTGV trains - from Paris-Gare du Lyon (destination Nice);

:Corail Lunéa - from Paris-Gare d'Austerlitz (destination Nice);

:Lines 03 and 06 of TER Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur - from Marseille-Gare Saint-Charles (destination Nice);
:TER Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur - local stopping service to Nice.

=== Air ===
International scheduled air passenger services are available at:

:L'aéroport Nice Côte d'Azur: forty-five kilometres.

:L’aéroport de Marseille Provence: 118 kilometres.

Private, commercial and freight services are conducted at:

:L'aéroport de Cannes - Mandelieu: twenty kilometres.

:L'aéroport de La Môle - Saint-Tropez: thirty-four kilometres.

=== Bus ===
Saint-Raphaël is well served by bus routes, and has a busy bus station in the town centre.

:Express service by LER PACA - Route 21: Aix-en-Provence to Nice.

:Fast service (1 hour 15 mins) to Nice Airport by S.V.A. (Société Varoise d'Autocars)

:Departement (County) services by Sodetrav (La Société Départementale des Transports du Var)
:Routes 27, 28, 31, 53 and 104

:Town services by AggloBus Fréjus/Saint-Raphael - Routes 1a, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10.

=== Boat ===
The shuttle "Boats of Saint-Raphaël" provide fast connections to St. Aygulf, Port-Fréjus, the islands of Lerins, Saint-Tropez and Cannes.

=== Distances ===
Saint Tropez: 20&nbsp;km<br />
Cannes: 25&nbsp;km<br />
Draguignan: 27&nbsp;km<br />
Brignoles: 57&nbsp;km<br />
Toulon: 75&nbsp;km<br />
Marseilles: 111&nbsp;km<br />
Paris: {{convert|695|km|mi|abbr=on}}

== History ==
In 1799 Napoleon Bonaparte and his forces arrived by ship from Egypt, prior to his ''coup d'état'' in Paris, and landed at a fishing village that was the ''commune'' of Saint-Raphaël.

The coastal double-track rail link between Saint-Raphaël and Nice passes over a substantial viaduct constructed right on the shoreline at Anthéor. These tracks were of strategic importance to the Axis forces during World War II for supplying matériel to units in France.

There were three separate air raids made on this viaduct from England, between September 1943 and February 1944, involving a total of thirty-one Lancaster bombers operating some seven hundred miles from base. Aircraft of the second raid flew on to Rabat, and from the third raid on to Sardinia. One Lancaster from the first raid was lost, and a flight lieutenant bomb aimer on the third raid was killed by enemy fire, some of which came from ships at sea.  All the raids failed in their objective and the rail link was not severed.<ref>http://www.dambusters.org.uk/antheor.htm</ref>

During [[World War II]], on August 15, 1944, it was one of the sites of a beach landing in [[Operation Dragoon]], the Allied invasion of southern [[France]].

== Galeri ==
{{commons|Category:Saint-Raphaël (Var)|Saint-Raphaël}}

<gallery perrow="8">
file:Saint_Raphael_Notre_Dame_de_la_Victoire.jpg|The Church ''Notre Dame de la Victoire''.
file:Saint_Raphael_Tour_1.jpg|The tower built into the old church San Rafeu.
file:Saint_Raphael_Tour_2.jpg|The medieval tower.
file:Saint_Raphael_Gare_routiere.jpg|The new central bus sation adjacent to the railway station (Gare SNCF).
file:LIleDOrEnOr.JPG|L'Ile d'Or
</gallery>

== Catatan ==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategori:Perancis]]

[[ar:سانت رافاييل]]
[[ca:Sant Rafèu]]
[[ceb:Saint-Raphaël, Var]]
[[de:Saint-Raphaël]]
[[en:Saint-Raphaël, Var]]
[[es:Saint-Raphaël (Var)]]
[[eu:Saint-Raphaël]]
[[fa:سن رافائل، ور]]
[[fi:Saint-Raphaël]]
[[fr:Saint-Raphaël (Var)]]
[[it:Saint-Raphaël (Varo)]]
[[ja:サン＝ラファエル (ヴァール県)]]
[[lmo:Saint-Raphaël (FR-83)]]
[[ms:Saint-Raphaël, Var]]
[[mzn:سن رافائل، ور]]
[[nl:Saint-Raphaël (Var)]]
[[no:Saint-Raphaël (Var)]]
[[oc:Sant Rafèu]]
[[pl:Saint-Raphaël (Var)]]
[[pms:Saint-Raphaël (Var)]]
[[pt:Saint-Raphaël (Var)]]
[[ro:Saint-Raphaël]]
[[ru:Сен-Рафаэль (Вар)]]⏎
[[sco:Saint-Raphaël, Var]]
[[sk:Saint-Raphaël]]
[[sl:Saint-Raphaël, Var]]
[[sv:Saint-Raphaël]]
[[sw:Saint-Raphaël, Var]]
[[uk:Сен-Рафаель (Вар)]]
[[vi:Saint-Raphaël, Var]]
[[vo:Saint-Raphaël (Var)]]
[[war:Saint-Raphaël, Var]]
[[zh:聖拉斐爾]]