Difference between revisions 748663 and 822672 on jvwiki

==Introduction ({{GraySubject|17}})==
===== {{GrayPage|79}} =====
* classes
** [[Long bones]]
*** body, or [[diaphysis]]
*** [[medullary canal]]
*** [[epiphyses]]
** [[Short bones]]
** [[Flat bones]]
*** [[tables of the skull]]
*** [[vitreous table]]

===== {{GrayPage|80}} =====
* classes
** [[Flat bones]]
*** [[diploë]]
** [[Irregular bones]]
* [[Surfaces of bones]]
** [[articular eminences]]
** [[articular depressions]]
** [[non-articular eminences]]
*** [[tuberosity]], [[protuberance]], or [[Process (anatomy)|process]]
*** [[Tubercle (anatomy)|tubercle]]
*** [[Vertebral column|spine]]
*** [[ridge]], [[Sagittal crest|crest]], or [[midclavicular plane|line]]
** [[non-articular depressions]]
*** [[fossæ]], [[pits]], depressions, [[grooves]], [[furrows]], [[fissures]], [[notches]]
** perforation/passage
*** [[foramen]]
*** [[canal]]

==== Development of the Skeleton ====
===== {{GrayPage|80}} =====
* [[Skeleton]]
** [[axial skeleton]]
** [[appendicular skeleton]]
* [[Vertebral column]]
** [[primitive segments]]
** [[intersegmental septa]]
** [[myocœl]]
** [[cutis-plate]]
** [[muscle-plate]]
** [[sclerotome]]
** [[sclerotogenous layer]]

===== {{GrayPage|81}} =====
* [[Vertebral column]]
** [[membranous vertebral column]] 

===== {{GrayPage|82}} =====
* [[Vertebral column]]
** [[cartilaginous vertebral column]]
** [[hypochordal bar]] or brace
** [[nucleus pulposus]]
* [[Ribs]]
** [[primitive costal arches]]

===== {{GrayPage|83}} =====
* [[Sternum]]
** [[sternal plate]]
* [[Skull]]

===== {{GrayPage|84}} =====
* [[Skull]]
** [[membranous cranium]]
** [[chondrocranium]]
** chordal or [[vertebral portion]] 
** prechordal or [[prevertebral portion]]
** [[trabeculae cranii]]
** [[parachordal cartilages]]

===== {{GrayPage|85}} =====
** [[cartilaginous ear-capsules]]
** [[trabeculae cranii]]
** [[ethmoidal plate]]
** dermal or [[covering bones]]

== [[bone]] ({{GraySubject|18}}) ==
===== {{GrayPage|86}} =====
* Structure and Physical Properties
** [[compact tissue]]
** [[cancellous tissue]]

===== {{GrayPage|87}} =====
* [[medullary mem]]
* [[Periosteum]]
** [[granular corpuscles]] or [[osteoblasts]]
* [[Marrow]]

===== {{GrayPage|88}} =====
* [[Marrow]]
** [[myelocytes]]
** [[erythroblasts]] or [[normoblasts]]
** [[Giant cells]] ([[myeloplaxes]], [[osteoclasts]])
** [[Howship's foveolæ]]
* Vessels and Nerves of Bone
** [[blood vessels]]
** [[medullary artery]] or [[nutrient artery]]

===== {{GrayPage|89}} =====
* Vessels and Nerves of Bone
** [[veins]]
** [[Lymphatic vessels]]
** [[Nerves]]
* Minute Anatomy
** [[Haversian systems]]
** [[Haversian canal]]
** [[lamellæ]]
** [[lacunæ]]
** [[canaliculus (bone)|canaliculi]]
** [[interstitial lamellæ]]
** [[circumferential lamellæ]]

===== {{GrayPage|90}} =====
* Minute Anatomy
** primary or [[fundamental lamellæ]]
** secondary or [[special lamellæ]]
** [[Haversian canals]]
** [[lamellæ]]
** [[perforating fibers]]
** [[Lacunæ]]

===== {{GrayPage|91}} =====
* Minute Anatomy
** [[bone-cell]]
** [[bone-corpuscle]]
** [[Canaliculi]]
** [[bone cells]]
* [[Ossification]]
** [[intramembranous ossification]]

===== {{GrayPage|92}} =====
* [[Ossification]]
** [[intramembranous ossification]]
*** [[osteoblasts]]
*** [[Osteogenetic fibers]] 

===== {{GrayPage|93}} =====
* [[Ossification]]
** [[intercartilaginous ossification]]
*** [[epiphysial cartilage]]
*** [[center of ossification]]
*** [[primary areolæ]]
*** [[perichondrium]]

===== {{GrayPage|94}} =====
* [[Ossification]]
** [[osteoblasts]], or bone-formers
** [[osteoclasts]], or bone-destroyers
** [[secondary areolæ]] or [[medullary spaces]]

===== {{GrayPage|95}} =====
* [[Ossification]]
** [[epiphyses]]
*** [[pressure epiphyses]]
*** [[traction epiphyses]]
*** [[atavistic epiphyses]]

== the [[vertebral column]] ({{GraySubject|19}}) ==
===== {{GrayPage|96}} =====

* Columna Vertebralis; [[Spinal column]]

=== general characteristics of a [[vertebra]] ({{GraySubject|20}}) ===
===== {{GrayPage|96}} =====
* typical [[vertebra]]
* [[vertebral foramen]]
* [[intervertebral foramina]]
* [[body of vertebra]] (corpus vertebræ)

===== {{GrayPage|97}} =====
* [[body of vertebra]] (corpus vertebræ)
* [[vertebral arch]] or [[neural arch]] (posterior part)
** [[pedicle of vertebral arch]] (radices arci vertebræ)
*** [[vertebral notches]]
** [[lamina of the vertebral arch]]
* [[processes of vertebra]]
** 1 [[Spinous process]] (processus spinosus)
** 4 [[Articular processes]]
** 2 [[Transverse processes]] (processus transversi)

==== the [[cervical vertebrae]] ({{GraySubject|21}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|97}} =====
* [[cervical vertebræ]]
** [[body]]
** [[anterior surface]]
** [[posterior surface]]

===== {{GrayPage|98}} =====
* [[upper surface]]
* [[lower surface]]
* [[pedicles]]
* [[lamina of the vertebral arch|laminae]]
* [[vertebral foramen]]
* [[spinous process]]
* [[superior articular process]]
* [[inferior articular process]]
* [[transverse processes]]
* [[foramen transversarium]]
* [[costal process]] or [[costal element]]
* [[anterior tubercle]]
* [[posterior tubercle]]

===== {{GrayPage|99}} =====
* [[First cervical vertebra]] ([[Atlas (anatomy)|atlas]])
** [[anterior arch]]
** [[anterior tubercle]]
** [[posterior arch]]
** [[posterior tubercle]]
** [[fovea dentis]]
** [[dens (anatomy)]]
** [[sulcus arteriae vertebralis]]
** [[inferior vertebral notches]]
** [[lateral masses]]
** [[superior facets]]

===== {{GrayPage|100}} =====
* [[First cervical vertebra]] ([[Atlas (anatomy)|atlas]])
** [[inferior articular facets]]
** [[transverse processes]]
* [[epistropheus|second cervical vertebra]] ([[epistropheus]] or [[epistropheus|axis]])
** [[body]]
** [[dens]] or [[odontoid process]]
** [[apex]]

===== {{GrayPage|101}} =====
* [[epistropheus|second cervical vertebra]] ([[epistropheus]] or [[epistropheus|axis]])
** [[pedicles]]
** [[lamina of the vertebral arch|laminae]]
** [[transverse processes]]
** [[superior articular surfaces]]
** [[inferior articular surfaces]]
** [[superior vertebral notches]]
** [[inferior vertebral notches]]
** [[spinous process]]
* [[Seventh cervical vertebra]] ([[Vertebra prominens]] )
** [[transverse processes]]

===== {{GrayPage|102}} =====
* [[Seventh cervical vertebra]] ([[Vertebra prominens]] )
** [[cervical rib]]

==== the [[thoracic vertebrae]] ({{GraySubject|22}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|102}} =====
* [[thoracic vertebræ]]

===== {{GrayPage|104}} =====
* [[First thoracic vertebra]]
* [[Ninth thoracic vertebra]]
* [[Tenth thoracic vertebra]]
* [[Eleventh thoracic vertebra]]
* [[Twelfth thoracic vertebra]]

==== the [[lumbar vertebrae]] ({{GraySubject|23}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|104}} =====
* [[lumbar vertebræ]]

===== {{GrayPage|106}} =====
* [[Tubercle (anatomy)|tubercles]] 
** [[mammillary process]]
** [[accessory process]]
* [[Fifth lumbar vertebra]]

==== the [[sacral]] and [[coccygeal vertebrae]] ({{GraySubject|24}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|106}} =====
* [[Sacrum]] (os sacrum)
** [[sacrovertebral angle]]
* [[Pelvic surface of sacrum]] (facies pelvina)
** [[transverse ridges]]
** [[anterior sacral foramina]]
** [[lateral parts of the sacrum]]

===== {{GrayPage|107}} =====
* [[Dorsal surface of sacrum]] (facies dorsalis)
** [[middle sacral crest]]
** [[sacral groove]]
** [[sacral articular crests]]

===== {{GrayPage|108}} =====
* [[Dorsal surface of sacrum]] (facies dorsalis)
** [[sacral cornua]]
** [[posterior sacral foramina]]
** [[lateral crests]]
* [[Lateral surface of sacrum]]
** [[auricular surface]]
** [[sacral tuberosity]]
** [[inferior lateral angle]]
* [[base of the sacrum]] (basis oss. sacri)

===== {{GrayPage|110}} =====
* [[base of the sacrum]] (basis oss. sacri)
** [[ala of sacrum]]
* [[Apex of the sacrum]] (apex oss. sacri)
* [[Vertebral canal]] (canalis sacralis; [[sacral canal]])

===== {{GrayPage|111}} =====
* Differences in the [[Sacrum]] of the Male and Female
* [[Coccyx]] (os coccygis)
** [[coccygeal cornua]]
* [[Ossification]] of the [[Vertebral column]]

===== {{GrayPage|112}} =====
* [[neurocentral synchondroses]]

===== {{GrayPage|113}} =====
* [[Ossification]] of the [[Vertebral column]]

=== the [[vertebral column]] as a whole ({{GraySubject|25}}) ===
===== {{GrayPage|114}} =====
* [[Curves]] of [[vertebral column]] 

===== {{GrayPage|115}} =====
* [[Posterior surface]]
* [[vertebral groove]]
* [[Lateral surfaces]]

== the [[thorax]] ({{GraySubject|26}}) ==
===== {{GrayPage|116}} =====
* [[thorax]] or [[chest]] 

===== {{GrayPage|117}} =====
* [[Thorax]]: boundaries of: 
* [[Thorax]]: [[skeleton]] of: 
* [[upper opening of the thorax]]

===== {{GrayPage|118}} =====
* [[lower opening of the thorax]]
* [[subcostal angle]]

=== the [[sternum]] ({{GraySubject|27}}) ===
===== {{GrayPage|119}} =====
* [[sternum]] ([[breast bone]])

===== {{GrayPage|120}} =====
* [[Manubrium]] ([[manubrium sterni]])
** [[jugular notch]] or [[presternal notch]]
* [[Body of sternum]] (corpus sterni; gladiolus)

===== {{GrayPage|121}} =====
* [[Body of sternum]] (corpus sterni; gladiolus)
** [[sternal foramen]]
** [[sternal angle]] (angulus Ludovici)
* [[Xiphoid process]] (processus xiphoideus; ensiform or xiphoid appendix)

===== {{GrayPage|123}} =====
* [[fissura sterni]]

=== the [[ribs]] ({{GraySubject|28}}) ===
===== {{GrayPage|123}} =====
* [[ribs]] ([[Costæ]])
** [[true ribs]] or [[vertebro-sternal ribs]]
** [[false ribs]]
** [[vertebro-chondral ribs]]
** [[floating ribs]] or [[vertebral ribs]]
** [[intercostal spaces]]
* Common Characteristics of the [[Ribs]]
* Posterior Extremity
** [[crista colli costœ]]

===== {{GrayPage|124}} =====
* Posterior Extremity
** [[head of rib]]
** [[neck of rib]]
** [[Tubercle (anatomy)|tubercle]] of [[rib]] 
*** [[articular portion]]
*** [[non-articular portion]]
* [[body]] or [[shaft]]
** [[angle]]
** [[costal groove]]

===== {{GrayPage|125}} =====
* [[Anterior extremity]] or [[sternal extremity]]
* [[Peculiar ribs]]
** [[First rib]]
*** [[scalene tubercle]]
** [[Second rib]]

===== {{GrayPage|126}} =====
* [[Peculiar ribs]]
** [[Tenth rib]]
** [[Eleventh rib]] and [[Twelfth rib]]

=== the [[costal cartilages]] ({{GraySubject|29}}) ===
===== {{GrayPage|127}} =====
* [[costal cartilages]] (Cartilagines Costales)

== the [[skull]] ({{GraySubject|30}}) ==
===== {{GrayPage|128}} =====
* [[skull]]
* [[cranium]]
* [[skeleton of the face]]

=== the [[cranial bones]] ===
==== the [[occipital bone]] ({{GraySubject|31}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|129}} =====
* [[occipital bone]]
* [[foramen magnum]]
* [[squama]] ([[squama occipitalis]])
** [[external surface]]
*** [[external occipital protuberance]]
*** [[highest nuchal line]]

===== {{GrayPage|130}} =====
* [[squama]] ([[squama occipitalis]])
** [[external surface]]
*** [[superior nuchal line]]
*** [[planum occipitale]]
*** [[planum nuchale]]
*** [[median nuchal line]]
*** [[inferior nuchal line]]
** [[internal surface]]
*** [[cruciate eminence]]
*** [[internal occipital protuberance]]

===== {{GrayPage|131}} =====
* [[squama]] ([[squama occipitalis]])
** [[internal surface]]
*** [[sagittal sulcus]]
*** [[internal occipital crest]]
*** [[vermian fossa]]
*** [[confluence of the sinuses]]
* [[Lateral parts of occipital bone]] ([[pars lateralis]])
** [[under surfaces of the lateral part]]
*** [[Occipital condyle|condyles]]
*** [[hypoglossal canal]] (anterior condyloid foramen)
*** [[condyloid fossa]]
*** [[condyloid canal]]
*** [[jugular process]]
*** [[jugular notch]]
*** [[intrajugular process]]
*** [[paramastoid process]]
** [[upper surface of the lateral part]]
*** [[jugular tubercle]]

===== {{GrayPage|132}} =====
* [[Basilar part of occipital bone]] ([[pars basilaris]])
** [[pharyngeal tubercle]]
* [[Foramen magnum]]
* Angles
** [[superior angle]]
** [[posterior fontanelle]]
** [[inferior angle]]
** [[lateral angles]]
* Borders
** [[superior borders]]
** [[lambdoidal suture]]
** [[inferior borders]]
* [[Ossification of occipital bone]]

==== the [[parietal bone]] ({{GraySubject|32}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|133}} =====
* external surface
** [[parietal eminence]] (tuber parietale)

===== {{GrayPage|134}} =====
* external surface
** [[superior temporal line]] and [[inferior temporal line]]
** [[parietal foramen]]
* internal surface
** [[sagittal sulcus]]
** [[arachnoid granulations]] ([[Pacchionian bodies]])
* Borders
** [[sagittal border]]
** [[squamous border]]

===== {{GrayPage|135}} =====
* Borders
** [[coronal suture]]
** [[occipital border]]
** [[lambdoidal suture]]
* Angles
** [[frontal angle]]
** [[bregma]]
** [[anterior fontanelle]]
** [[sphenoidal angle]]
** [[occipital angle]]
** [[lambda]]
** [[posterior fontanelle]]
** [[mastoid angle]]
** [[asterion]]

==== the [[frontal bone]] ({{GraySubject|33}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|135}} =====
* [[Squama]] ([[squama frontalis]])
** [[metopic suture]]
** [[frontal eminence]] (tuber frontale)
** [[superciliary arches]]
** [[glabella]]
** [[supraorbital margin]]

===== {{GrayPage|136}} =====
* [[Squama]] ([[squama frontalis]])
** [[supraorbital notch]] or [[supraorbital foramen]]
** [[zygomatic process of frontal bone|zygomatic process]]
** [[temporal line]]
** [[upper temporal line]] and [[lower temporal line]]
** [[nasal part]]
** [[nasal notch]]
** [[nasion]]
** [[nasal process]]
** [[spine of squama]]
** [[sagittal sulcus]]
** [[frontal crest]]

===== {{GrayPage|137}} =====
* [[Squama]] ([[squama frontalis]])
** [[foramen cecum]]
* Orbital or Horizontal Part ([[pars orbitalis]])
** [[orbital plates]]
** [[ethmoidal notch]]
** [[lacrimal fossa]]
** [[fovea trochlearis]]
** [[trochlear spine]]
** [[ethmoidal notch]]
** [[anterior ethmoidal canal]]

===== {{GrayPage|138}} =====
* Orbital or Horizontal Part ([[pars orbitalis]])
** [[posterior ethmoidal canal]]
** [[frontal air sinuses]]
** [[frontonasal duct]]
* [[border of the squama]]
* [[posterior borders of the orbital plates]]
* [[Ossification of frontal bone]]

==== the [[temporal bone]] ({{GraySubject|34}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|138}} =====

* [[temporal bone]]

===== {{GrayPage|139}} =====
* [[Squama]] ([[squama temporalis]])
** [[temporal line]], or [[supramastoid crest]]
** [[zygomatic process of temporal bone|zygomatic process]]
** [[anterior root]] and [[posterior root]]
** [[articular tubercle]] (eminentia articularis)

===== {{GrayPage|140}} =====
* [[Squama]] ([[squama temporalis]])
** [[suprameatal triangle]], or [[mastoid fossa]]
** [[mandibular fossa]] ([[glenoid fossa]])
** [[petrotympanic fissure]] ([[Glaserian fissure]])

===== {{GrayPage|141}} =====
* [[parietal notch]]
* [[antero-inferior border]]
* [[Mastoid portion]] (pars mastoidea)
** [[mastoid foramen]]
** [[mastoid process]]
** [[mastoid notch]] ([[digastric fossa]])
** [[occipital groove]]

===== {{GrayPage|142}} =====
* [[Mastoid portion]] (pars mastoidea)
** [[sigmoid sulcus]]
** [[mastoid cells]]
** [[tympanic antrum]]
** [[tegmen tympani]]
** attic or [[epitympanic recess]]
* [[Petrous portion]] (pars petrosa)
** [[petrosquamous suture]]
** eminence ([[eminentia arcuata]])
** [[tegmen tympani]]
** [[hiatus of the facial canal]]

===== {{GrayPage|143}} =====
* [[Petrous portion]] (pars petrosa)
** [[Trigeminal impression]]
** posterior surface
*** [[Internal acoustic meatus]]
*** [[Crista falciformis]]
*** [[Area cribrosa media]]
*** [[Foramen singulare]] 
*** [[Tractus spiralis foraminosus]]
*** [[Canalis centralis cochleœ]]
*** [[Area cribrosa superior]]
*** [[Area facialis]]
*** [[Aquæductus Fallopii]] 
*** [[Aquæductus vestibuli]] 
*** [[Subarcuate fossa]] 
** inferior surface
*** [[Carotid canal]]

===== {{GrayPage|144}} =====
* [[Petrous portion]] (pars petrosa)
** inferior surface
*** [[aquæductus cochleæ]]
*** [[jugular fossa]]
*** [[inferior tympanic canaliculus]]
*** [[mastoid canaliculus]]
*** [[jugular surface]]
*** [[vaginal process]]
*** [[styloid process]]
*** [[stylomastoid foramen]]
** angles
*** [[superior angle]]
*** [[posterior angle]]
*** [[jugular fossa]]

===== {{GrayPage|145}} =====
* [[Petrous portion]] (pars petrosa)
** angles
*** [[jugular foramen]]
*** [[anterior angle]]
*** [[petrosquamous suture]]
*** [[septum canalis musculotubarii]] (processus cochleariformis)
* [[Tympanic part]] (pars tympanica)
** [[tympanic sulcus]]
** [[antero-inferior surface]]
** [[vaginal process]]
** [[foramen of Huschke]]
** [[external acoustic meatus]]
** [[suprameatal spine]]
* [[Styloid process]] (processus styloideus)
* [[Ossification of temporal bone]]

===== {{GrayPage|146}} =====
* [[Ossification of temporal bone]]
** [[Proötic center]] of [[temporal bone]] 
** [[Pterotic center]] of [[temporal bone]] 
** [[Epiotic center]] of [[temporal bone]] 
** [[tympanic ring]]

==== the [[sphenoid bone]] ({{GraySubject|35}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|147}} =====
* [[body of sphenoid bone]]
* [[sphenoidal air sinuses]]
* [[superior surface of sphenoid]]
** [[ethmoidal spine]]
** [[chiasmatic groove]] ([[optic groove]])
** [[optic foramen]]
** [[tuberculum sellæ]]
** [[sella turcica]]
** [[fossa hypophyseos]]
** [[middle clinoid processes]]
** [[dorsum sellæ]]
** [[posterior clinoid processes]]
** [[petrosal process]]

===== {{GrayPage|148}} =====
* [[superior surface of sphenoid]]
** [[Clivus (anatomy)|clivus]]
* [[lateral surfaces of sphenoid]]
** [[carotid groove]]
** [[Sphenoidal lingula|lingula]]
* [[posterior surface of sphenoid]]

===== {{GrayPage|149}} =====
* [[anterior surface of sphenoid]]
** [[sphenoidal crest]]
** [[sphenoidal air sinus]]
** [[sphenoidal conchæ]]
* [[inferior surface of sphenoid]]
* [[sphenoidal rostrum]]
* [[vaginal process]]
* [[Great wings]] (alæ magnæ) (ali-sphenoids)

===== {{GrayPage|150}} =====
* [[Great wings]] (alæ magnæ) (ali-sphenoids)
** [[spina angularis]] (sphenoidal spine)
** [[foramen rotundum]]
** [[foramen ovale]]
** [[foramen Vesalii]]
** [[foramen spinosum]]
** [[infratemporal crest]]
** [[sulcus tubæ]]

===== {{GrayPage|151}} =====
* [[Great wings]] (alæ magnæ) (ali-sphenoids)
** [[pterion]]
* [[Small wings]] (alæ parvæ)
** [[orbito-sphenoids]]
* Surfaces
** [[superior orbital fissure]]
* Borders
** [[anterior clinoid process]]
** [[optic foramen]]
* [[Pterygoid processes]] (processus pterygoidei)
** [[pterygopalatine groove]]
** [[pterygoid fissure]]
** [[pterygoid fossa]]
** [[scaphoid fossa]]
** [[lateral pterygoid plate]]
** [[Medial pterygoid plate]]
** [[pterygoid hamulus]]
** [[vaginal process]]

===== {{GrayPage|152}} =====
* [[Pterygoid processes]] (processus pterygoidei)
** [[pterygoid tubercle]]
** [[processus tubarius]]
* [[Sphenoidal conchæ]] (conchæ sphenoidales; sphenoidal turbinated processes)

==== [[ethmoid bone]] ({{GraySubject|36}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|153}} =====
* [[Cribiform plate]] (lamina cribrosa; horizontal lamina)
** [[crista galli]]
** [[Ala (anatomy)|alæ]]

===== {{GrayPage|154}} =====
* [[Perpendicular plate]] (lamina perpendicularis; vertical plate)
* [[Labyrinth of ethmoid|Labyrinth]] or [[Lateral mass]] (labyrinthus ethmoidalis)
** [[ethmoidal cells]]
* Surfaces
** upper surface
*** anterior and posterior [[ethmoidal canal]]s
** posterior surface

===== {{GrayPage|155}} =====
* Surfaces
** lateral surface
*** [[lamina papyracea]] ([[os planum]])
*** [[uncinate process]]

===== {{GrayPage|156}} =====
* Surfaces
** medial surface
*** [[middle nasal concha]]
*** [[superior meatus]]
*** [[superior nasal concha]]
*** [[middle meatus of the nose]]
*** [[infundibulum]]
* [[sutural]] or [[Wormian bones]]

=== the [[facial bones]] ===
==== the [[nasal bones]] ({{GraySubject|37}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|156}} =====
* [[nasal bones]]

==== the [[maxillæ]] ([[upper jaw]]) ({{GraySubject|38}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|157}} =====
* [[maxillæ]]

===== {{GrayPage|158}} =====
* [[Body of maxilla]] (corpus maxillæ)
** [[maxillary sinus]] ([[antrum of Highmore]])
** Surfaces
*** [[anterior surface of the body of the maxilla]]
**** [[incisive fossa]]
**** [[canine fossa]]
**** [[canine eminence]]
**** [[infraorbital foramen]]
**** [[nasal notch]]
**** [[anterior nasal spine]]
*** [[infratemporal surface of the body of the maxilla]]
**** [[alveolar canals]]
**** [[maxillary tuberosity]]

===== {{GrayPage|159}} =====
* [[Body of maxilla]] (corpus maxillæ)
** Surfaces
*** [[orbital surface of the body of the maxilla]]
**** [[lacrimal notch]]
**** [[infraorbital groove]]
**** [[infraorbital canal]]

===== {{GrayPage|160}} =====
* [[Body of maxilla]] (corpus maxillæ)
** Surfaces
*** [[nasal surface of the body of the maxilla]]
**** [[pterygopalatine canal]]
**** [[lacrimal groove]]
**** [[conchal crest]]

* [[Maxillary sinus]] or [[Antrum of Highmore]] (sinus maxillaris)

===== {{GrayPage|161}} =====
* [[Body of maxilla]] (corpus maxillæ)
** [[alveolar canals]]
* [[zygomatic process of maxilla|Zygomatic process]] (processus zygomaticus; [[malar process]])
* [[Frontal process]] (processus frontalis; [[nasal process]])
** [[ethmoidal crest]]
** [[agger nasi]]
** [[lacrimal fossa]]
** [[anterior lacrimal crest]]
** [[lacrimal tubercle]]
* [[Alveolar process]] (processus alveolaris)
** [[alveolar arch]]
** [[alveolar point]]

===== {{GrayPage|162}} =====
* [[Palatine process]] (processus palatinus; palatal process)
** [[incisive foramen]]
** [[incisive canals]]
** [[foramina of Stenson]]
** [[foramina of Scarpa]]
** [[premaxilla]] (os incisivum)

===== {{GrayPage|163}} =====
* [[Palatine process]] (processus palatinus; palatal process)
** [[nasal crest]]
** [[incisor crest]]
** [[anterior nasal spine]]
* [[Ossification of maxilla]]

==== the [[lacrimal bone]] ({{GraySubject|39}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|163}} =====
* [[lacrimal bone]]

===== {{GrayPage|164}} =====
* [[posterior lacrimal crest]]
* [[lacrimal sulcus]] (sulcus lacrimalis)
* [[lacrimal hamulus]]
* [[lesser lacrimal bone]]

==== the [[zygomatic bone]] ({{GraySubject|40}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|164}} =====
* Surfaces
** [[malar surface]]
*** [[zygomaticofacial foramen]]
** [[temporal surface]]
*** [[zygomaticotemporal foramen]]

* Processes
** [[frontosphenoidal process]]

===== {{GrayPage|165}} =====
* Processes
** [[orbital process]]
*** [[zygomaticoörbital foramina]]

===== {{GrayPage|166}} =====
* Processes
** [[maxillary process]]
** [[temporal process]]

* Borders
** [[antero-superior border]] or [[orbital border]]
** [[antero-inferior border]] or [[maxillary border]]
** [[postero-superior border]] or [[temporal border]]
** [[postero-inferior border]] or [[zygomatic border]]

* [[Ossification of zygomatic bone]]

* Articulations

==== the [[palatine bone]] ({{GraySubject|41}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|166}} =====
* [[pterygopalatine fossa]] and [[pterygoid fossa]]
* [[inferior orbital fissure]]

===== {{GrayPage|167}} =====
* [[Horizontal part of palatine bone]] (pars horizontalis; [[horizontal plate of palatine bone]])
** [[posterior nasal spine]]
* [[Vertical part of palatine bone]] (pars perpendicularis; [[perpendicular plate of palatine bone]])
** [[conchal crest]]
** [[ethmoidal crest]]

===== {{GrayPage|168}} =====
* [[Vertical part of palatine bone]] (pars perpendicularis; [[perpendicular plate of palatine bone]])
** [[pterygopalatine canal]]
** [[maxillary process]]
** [[sphenopalatine notch]]
** [[sphenopalatine foramen]]
* processes
** [[Pyramidal process of palatine bone]] or Tuberosity (processus pyramidalis)
** [[Orbital process of palatine bone]] (processus orbitalis)

===== {{GrayPage|169}} =====
* processes
** [[Sphenoidal process of palatine bone]] (processus sphenoidalis)
* [[sphenopalatine notch]]
* [[Ossification of sphenoid]]

==== the [[inferior nasal concha]] ({{GraySubject|42}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|169}} =====
* [[inferior nasal concha]]
* [[lacrimal process]]
* [[ethmoidal process]]
* [[maxillary process]]

==== the [[vomer]] ({{GraySubject|43}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|170}} =====
* [[nasopalatine groove]]

===== {{GrayPage|171}} =====
* [[ethmovomerine cartilage]]

==== the [[mandible]] ([[lower jaw]]) ({{GraySubject|44}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|172}} =====
* [[Body of mandible]] (corpus mandibulae)
** [[external surface of mandible]]
*** [[symphysis menti]]
*** [[mental protuberance]]
*** [[mental tubercle]]
*** [[incisive fossa]]
*** [[mental foramen]]
*** [[oblique line]]
** [[internal surface of mandible]]
*** [[mental spines]]

===== {{GrayPage|173}} =====
* [[Body of mandible]] (corpus mandibulae)
** [[internal surface of mandible]]
*** [[mylohyoid line]]
* [[Ramus of mandible]] (ramus mandibulae; [[perpendicular portion of mandible]])
** [[mandibular foramen]]
** [[lingula mandibulae]]
** [[mylohyoid groove]]
** [[mandibular canal]]

===== {{GrayPage|174}} =====
* [[Ramus of mandible]] (ramus mandibulae; [[perpendicular portion of mandible]])
** [[angle of the mandible]]
** [[Coronoid process]] (processus coronoideus)
** [[Condyloid process]] (processus condyloideus)
*** [[condyle of condyloid process]]
*** [[neck of condyloid process]]
** [[mandibular notch]]

===== {{GrayPage|175}} =====
* [[articulations of mandible]] 
* [[Changes produced in the mandible by age]]
* [[Ossification of the mandible]]

==== the [[hyoid bone]] ({{GraySubject|45}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|177}} =====
* [[Basihyal]] of [[hyoid bone]] 

===== {{GrayPage|178}} =====
* Greater Cornua or [[Thyrohyals]] (cornua majora)
* Lesser Cornua or [[Ceratohyals]] (cornua minora)

=== the [[exterior of the skull]] ({{GraySubject|46}}) ===
==== [[Norma verticalis]] ====
===== {{GrayPage|178}} =====
* [[Norma verticalis]]
* [[coronal sutures]]
* [[sagittal sutures]]
* [[lambdoidal suture]]
* [[bregma]]
* [[lambda]]
* [[parietal eminence]] and [[parietal foramen]]
* [[obelion]]
* [[glabella]]
* [[superciliary arches]]
* [[frontal eminences]]
* [[frontal suture]]
* [[temporal lines]]

==== [[Norma basalis]] ====
===== {{GrayPage|179}} =====
* [[Norma basalis]]

===== {{GrayPage|180}} =====
* [[incisive foramen]]
* [[incisive canals]] (foramina of Stenson)
* [[foramina of Scarpa]]
* [[greater palatine foramen]]
* [[pyramidal process of the palatine bone]]
* [[lesser palatine foramina]]
* [[posterior nasal spine]]
* [[choanæ]]
* [[pharyngeal canals]]
* [[pterygoid canal]]
* [[scaphoid fossa]]
* [[hamulus]]
* [[pharyngeal tubercle]]
* [[foramen ovale]]
* [[foramen spinosum]]
* [[spina angularis]] ([[sphenoidal spine]])
* [[mandibular fossa]]
* [[petrotympanic fissure]]
* [[articular tubercle]]

===== {{GrayPage|181}} =====
* [[styloid process]]
* [[stylomastoid foramen]]
* [[tympanomastoid fissure]]
* [[mastoid notch]]
* [[occipital groove]]
* [[foramen lacerum]]
* [[pterygoid canal]]
* [[carotid canal]]
* [[sulcus tubæ auditivæ]]
* [[petrosphenoidal fissure]]
* [[carotid canal]]
* [[aquæductus cochleæ]]
* [[jugular foramen]]
* [[inferior tympanic canaliculus]]
* [[mastoid canaliculus]]
* [[petroöccipital fissure]]
* [[foramen magnum]]
* [[jugular process]]
* [[basion]]
* [[opisthion]]
* [[condyloid fossa]]

===== {{GrayPage|182}} =====
* [[median nuchal line]]
* [[external occipital protuberance]]
* [[superior nuchal line]] and [[inferior nuchal line]]

==== [[Norma lateralis]] ====
===== {{GrayPage|182}} =====
* [[Norma lateralis]]
* [[zygomaticotemporal suture]]
* [[zygomaticofrontal suture]]
* [[sphenozygomatic suture]]
* [[sphenofrontal suture]]
* [[sphenoparietal suture]]
* [[sphenosquamosal suture]]
* [[pterion]]

===== {{GrayPage|183}} =====
* [[squamosal suture]]
* [[parietomastoid suture]]
* [[coronal suture]] and [[lambdoidal suture]]
* [[occipitomastoid suture]]
* [[mastoid foramen]]
* [[asterion]]
* [[superciliary arch]]
* [[frontal eminence]]
* [[parietal eminence]]
* [[external occipital protuberance]]
* [[temporal lines]]
* [[Temporal fossa]] (fossa temporalis)
* [[stephanion]]
* [[zygomaticotemporal foramen]]
* [[infratemporal crest]]
* [[inferior orbital fissure]] or [[sphenomaxillary fissure]]
* [[zygomatic arch]]
* [[external acoustic meatus]]
* [[suprameatal triangle]]
* [[suprameatal spine]]
* [[mandibular fossa]]

===== {{GrayPage|184}} =====
* [[Infratemporal fossa]] (fossa infratemporalis; zygomatic fossa)
* [[zygomatic arch]]
* [[foramen ovale]] and [[foramen spinosum]]
* [[alveolar canals]]
* [[inferior orbital fissure]] (fissura orbitalis inferior; sphenomaxillary fissure)

===== {{GrayPage|185}} =====
* [[pterygomaxillary fissure]]
* [[Pterygopalatine fossa]] (fossa pterygopalatina; sphenomaxillary fossa)
* [[foramen rotundum]]
* [[pterygoid canal]]
* [[pharyngeal canal]]
* [[sphenopalatine foramen]]
* [[pterygopalatine canal]]

==== [[Norma occipitalis]] ====
===== {{GrayPage|185}} =====
* [[Norma occipitalis]]
* [[sagittal suture]]
* [[lambdoidal suture]]
* [[parietomastoid suture]]
* [[occipitomastoid suture]]
* [[external occipital protuberance]] or [[inion]]
* [[planum occipitale]]
* [[planum nuchale]]
* [[mastoid foramen]]

==== [[Norma frontalis]] ====
===== {{GrayPage|185}} =====
* [[Norma frontalis]]
* [[anterior nasal aperture]]

===== {{GrayPage|186}} =====
* [[frontal eminences]]
* [[superciliary arches]]
* [[glabella]]
* [[frontal suture]]
* [[nasion]]
* [[supraorbital notch]] or [[supraorbital foramen]]

===== {{GrayPage|187}} =====
* [[anterior nasal spine]]
* [[infraorbital foramen]]
* [[zygomaticofacial foramen]]

===== {{GrayPage|188}} =====
* [[incisive fossa]]
* [[mental foramen]]

==== [[Orbits]] ====
===== {{GrayPage|188}} =====
* [[Orbits]] (orbitæ)
* [[roof of orbit]]
** [[trochlear fovea]]
** [[lacrimal fossa]]
* [[floor of orbit]]
** [[infraorbital groove]]

===== {{GrayPage|189}} =====
* [[medial wall]]
** [[lacrimal groove]]
** [[posterior lacrimal crest]]
** [[dacryon]]
** [[anterior ethmoidal foramen]]
** [[posterior ethmoidal foramen]]
* [[lateral wall]]
** [[superior orbital fissure]]
** [[inferior orbital fissure]]
* [[base of the orbit]]
** [[supraorbital notch]] or [[supraorbital foramen]]
* [[apex of orbit]]

=== the interior of the [[skull]] ({{GraySubject|47}}) ===
===== {{GrayPage|189}} =====
* Inner Surface of the [[Skull-cap]]

===== {{GrayPage|190}} =====
* [[Skull]]: [[upper surface]] of [[base (skull)|base]] of: 
* [[Skull]]: [[fossa]] of: 

* [[Anterior cranial fossa]] (fossa cranii anterior)
** [[Frontoethmoidal suture]] 
** [[Sphenoethmoidal suture]] 
** [[sphenofrontal suture]]
** [[frontal crest]]
** [[foramen cecum]]
** [[crista galli]]
** [[olfactory groove]]
** anterior and posterior [[ethmoidal foramina]]
** [[ethmoidal spine]]

* [[Middle cranial fossa]] (fossa cranii media)
** [[squamosal suture]]
** [[sphenoparietal suture]]
** [[sphenosquamosal suture]]
** [[sphenopetrosal suture]]

===== {{GrayPage|191}} =====
* [[Middle cranial fossa]] (fossa cranii media)
** [[carotid groove]]

===== {{GrayPage|192}} =====
* [[Middle cranial fossa]] (fossa cranii media)
** [[lingula]]
** [[superior orbital fissure]]
** [[foramen rotundum]]
** [[foramen ovale]]
** [[foramen Vesalii]]
** [[foramen spinosum]]
** [[foramen lacerum]]
** [[hiatus of the facial canal]]

* [[Posterior cranial fossa]] (''fossa cranii posterior'')
** [[occipitomastoid suture]]
** [[parietomastoid suture]]
** [[foramen magnum]]

===== {{GrayPage|193}} =====
* [[Posterior cranial fossa]] (''fossa cranii posterior'')
** [[petro-occipital fissure]]
** [[jugular foramen]]
** [[internal acoustic meatus]]
** [[inferior occipital fossæ]]
** [[internal occipital crest]]
** [[transverse sinuses]]
** [[mastoid foramen]]
** [[condyloid canal]]

===== {{GrayPage|194}} =====
* [[Nasal cavity]] ([[cavum nasi]]; [[nasal fossa]])
** [[roof of nasal cavity]]
** [[floor of nasal cavity]]
** [[medial wall]] ([[septum nasi]])

===== {{GrayPage|195}} =====
* [[Nasal cavity]] ([[cavum nasi]]; [[nasal fossa]])
** [[lateral wall]]
*** [[superior meatus]]
*** [[sphenopalatine foramen]]
*** [[posterior ethmoidal cells]]
*** [[sphenoethmoidal recess]]
*** [[middle meatus]]
*** [[hiatus semilunaris]]
*** [[bulla ethmoidalis]]
*** [[infundibulum]]
*** [[frontonasal duct]]
*** [[ostium maxillare]]
*** [[inferior meatus]]

===== {{GrayPage|196}} =====
* [[Anterior nasal aperture]]
** [[choanæ]]
* [[Fontanelles]] 
** [[anterior fontanelle]] ([[bregmatic fontanelle]])
** [[posterior fontanelle]]
** [[lateral fontanelles]]

===== {{GrayPage|197}} =====
* [[Skull]]: [[sexual differences]] in: 
* [[Craniology]] 

===== {{GrayPage|198}} =====
* The Points in the [[Median plane]]
* The Points on Either Side of the [[Median plane]]

===== {{GrayPage|199}} =====
* [[Cleft palate]] 
* [[Endognathion]] 
* [[Mesognathion]]

== the [[extremities]] ({{GraySubject|48}}) ==
=== the [[bone]]s of the [[upper extremity]] ===
==== the [[clavicle]] ({{GraySubject|49}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|200}} =====
* (Ossa Extremitatis Superioris) & ([[Clavicula]]; [[Collar bone]])
* [[clavicle]]
* [[coracoid tuberosity]] ([[conoid tubercle]])
* oblique or [[trapezoid ridge]]

===== {{GrayPage|202}} =====
* [[costal tuberosity]] ([[rhomboid impression]])
* [[subclavian groove]]
* [[Sternal extremity]] (extremitas sternalis; internal extremity)
* [[Acromial extremity]] (extremitas acromialis; outer extremity)

==== the [[scapula]]/[[Shoulder blade]] ({{GraySubject|50}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|202}} =====
* Surfaces
** [[subscapular fossa]]

===== {{GrayPage|203}} =====
* Surfaces
** [[subscapular angle]]
** [[supraspinatous fossa]]
** [[infraspinatous fossa]]
* [[Spine of scapula]] ([[spina scapulæ]])
** [[crest of the spine]]
** [[great scapular notch]]
* [[Acromion]]

===== {{GrayPage|204}} =====
* Borders
** [[superior border of scapula|superior border]]
*** [[scapular notch]]

===== {{GrayPage|205}} =====
* Borders
** [[axillary border]]
** [[infraglenoid tuberosity]]

===== {{GrayPage|206}} =====
* Borders
** [[vertebral border]]
* Angles
** [[medial angle]]
** [[inferior angle]]

===== {{GrayPage|207}} =====
* Angles
** [[lateral angle]]
*** [[glenoid cavity]]
*** [[glenoidal labrum]]
*** [[supraglenoid tuberosity]]
* [[Coracoid process]] (processus coracoideus)

===== {{GrayPage|208}} =====
* [[Ossification of scapula]]

==== the [[humerus]] ({{GraySubject|51}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|209}} =====
* [[Upper extremity of humerus]]
** [[head of humerus]] (caput humeri)
** [[surgical neck]]
** [[Anatomical neck]] (collum anatomicum)
** [[Greater tubercle]] (tuberculum majus; [[greater tuberosity]])
** [[Lesser tubercle]] (tuberculum minus; [[lesser tuberosity]])
** [[intertubercular groove]] ([[bicipital groove]])
** [[crests of the greater and lesser tubercles]] ([[bicipital ridges]])
* [[body of humerus]] or [[shaft of humerus]] (corpus humeri)

===== {{GrayPage|211}} =====
* [[body of humerus]] or [[shaft of humerus]] (corpus humeri)
** [[radial sulcus]] ([[musculospiral groove]])
** [[lateral supracondylar ridge]]
** [[crest of the lesser tubercle]]
** [[medial supracondylar ridge]]
** [[deltoid tuberosity]]
** [[radial sulcus]]

===== {{GrayPage|212}} =====
* [[Lower extremity of humerus]]
** [[articular surface]]
** [[capitulum of the humerus]]
** [[radial fossa]]
** [[trochlea]]
** [[coronoid fossa]]
** [[olecranon fossa]]
** [[supratrochlear foramen]]
** [[lateral epicondyle]]
** [[medial epicondyle]]

===== {{GrayPage|213}} =====
* [[Ossification of humerus]]

==== the [[ulna]] ({{GraySubject|52}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|214}} =====
* [[Upper extremity of ulna]] ([[proximal extremity of ulna]])
** [[Olecranon]] (olecranon process)
** [[Coronoid process]] (processus coronoideus)
** [[tuberosity of the ulna]]
** [[radial notch]]

===== {{GrayPage|215}} =====
* [[Upper extremity of ulna]] ([[proximal extremity of ulna]])
** [[Semilunar notch]] (incisura semilunaris; [[greater sigmoid cavity]])
** [[Radial notch]] (incisura radialis; [[lesser sigmoid cavity]])
* [[Body of ulna]] or [[Shaft of ulna]] ([[corpus ulnæ]])

===== {{GrayPage|218}} =====
* [[Body of ulna]] or [[Shaft of ulna]] ([[corpus ulnæ]])
** [[perpendicular line]]
** [[medial surface]] (facies medialis; internal surface)
* [[Lower extremity]] (distal extremity)
** [[head of ulna]]
** [[styloid process]]

===== {{GrayPage|219}} =====
* [[ossification of ulna]]

==== the [[radius]] ({{GraySubject|53}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|219}} =====
* [[Upper extremity of radius]] ([[proximal extremity]])
** [[head of radius]]
** [[neck of radius]]
** [[radial tuberosity]]
* [[Body of radius]] or [[Shaft of radius]] (corpus radii)
** [[oblique line of the radius]]

===== {{GrayPage|220}} =====
* [[Lower extremity of radius]]
** [[ulnar notch of the radius]] ([[sigmoid cavity]]) 
** [[styloid process]]
* [[Ossification of radius]]

=== the [[hand]] ===
==== the [[carpus]] ({{GraySubject|54}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|221}} =====
* Bones of the Proximal Row (upper row)
** [[Navicular bone]] (os naviculare manus; [[scaphoid bone]])

===== {{GrayPage|224}} =====
* Bones of the Proximal Row (upper row)
** [[Lunate bone]] (os lunatum; [[semilunar bone]])
** [[Triangular bone]] (os triquetum; [[cuneiform bone]]) 

===== {{GrayPage|225}} =====
* Bones of the Proximal Row (upper row)
** [[Pisiform bone]] (os pisiforme)
* Bones of the Distal Row (lower row)
** [[Greater multangular bone]] (os multangulum majus; [[Trapezium (bone)|trapezium]])
** [[Lesser multangular bone]] (os multangulum minus; [[trapezoid bone]])

===== {{GrayPage|226}} =====
* Bones of the Distal Row (lower row)
** [[Capitate bone]] (os capitatum; os magnum)

===== {{GrayPage|227}} =====
* Bones of the Distal Row (lower row)
** [[Hamate bone]] (os hamatum; unciform bone)
*** [[Hamulus of hamate bone]]

==== the [[metacarpus]] ({{GraySubject|55}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|227}} =====
* [[metacarpus]]

===== {{GrayPage|228}} =====
* [[Metacarpal bones]] ([[Ossa metacarpalia]] I-V )
** [[First metacarpal bone]]
** [[Second metacarpal bone]]
** [[Third metacarpal bone]]
** [[Fourth metacarpal bone]] 
** [[Fifth metacarpal bone]]

==== the [[phalanges of the hand]] ({{GraySubject|56}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|230}} =====
* [[phalanges]] ([[Phalanges digitorum manus]])
* [[body]]
* [[proximal extremities]]
* [[distal extremities]]
* [[ungual phalanges]]
* [[Articulations]]

=== the [[bone]]s of the [[lower extremity]] ===
==== the [[hip bone]] ({{GraySubject|57}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|231}} =====
* Ossa Extremitatis Inferioris & Os Coxæ; [[Innominate bone]]
* [[hip bone]]
* [[acetabulum]]
* [[obturator foramen]]

==== [[Ilium (bone)|Ilium]] ====
===== {{GrayPage|231}} =====
* [[Ilium (bone)|Ilium]] (os ilii)
* [[arcuate line]]
* [[Body of ilium]] (corpus oss. ilii)

===== {{GrayPage|232}} =====
* [[Wing of ilium|Ala]] (ala oss. ilii)
** [[External surface]]
*** [[dorsum ilii]]
*** [[posterior gluteal line]] ([[superior curved line]])

===== {{GrayPage|233}} =====
* [[Wing of ilium|Ala]] (ala oss. ilii)
** [[External surface]]
*** [[anterior gluteal line]] ([[middle curved line]])
*** [[inferior gluteal line]] ([[inferior curved line]])

===== {{GrayPage|234}} =====
* [[Wing of ilium|Ala]] (ala oss. ilii)
** [[Internal surface of the ala]]
*** [[iliac fossa]]
*** [[arcuate line]]
*** [[anterior surface]] ([[auricular surface]])
*** [[iliac tuberosity]]
*** [[preauricular sulcus]]
** [[Crest of the ilium]]
** [[Anterior border of the ala]]
*** [[anterior superior iliac spine]] and [[posterior superior iliac spine]]
*** [[anterior inferior iliac spine]]
*** [[iliopectineal eminence]]
** [[Posterior border of the ala]]
*** [[posterior superior iliac spine]]
*** [[posterior inferior iliac spine]]
*** [[greater sciatic notch]]

==== [[Ischium]] ====
* [[Ischium]] (os ischii)
* [[body of ischium]] (corpus ossis ischii)

===== {{GrayPage|235}} =====
* [[body of ischium]] (corpus ossis ischii)
** [[posterior obturator tubercle]]
** [[ischial spine]]
** [[greater sciatic notch]]
** [[lesser sciatic notch]]
* [[Superior ramus]] (ramus superior ossis ischii; [[descending ramus]])
** [[tuberosity of the ischium]]
* [[Inferior ramus]] (ramus inferior ossis ischii; [[ascending ramus]])

==== [[Pubis (bone)|Pubis]] ====
===== {{GrayPage|236}} =====
* [[Pubis (bone)|Pubis]] (os pubis)
* [[Body of pubis]] (corpus oss. pubis)
* [[Superior ramus]] (ramus superior oss. pubis; [[ascending ramus]])
** [[Medial portion of superior ramus]]
*** [[pubic tubercle]] ([[pubic spine]])
*** [[subcutaneous inguinal ring]] ([[external abdominal ring]])
*** [[inguinal ligament]] ([[Poupart's ligament]])
*** [[inguinal falx]] (conjoined tendon of [[Obliquus internus]] and [[Transversus]])
*** [[lacunar ligament]] ([[Gimbernat's ligament]])
*** [[reflected inguinal ligament]] ([[triangular fascia]])
*** [[pubic crest]]
** [[Lateral portion of superior ramus]]
*** [[iliopectineal eminence]]
*** [[obturator crest]]

===== {{GrayPage|237}} =====
* [[Inferior ramus]] (ramus inferior oss. pubis; [[descending ramus]])
* [[Acetabulum]] ([[cotyloid cavity]])
** [[glenoidal labrum]] ([[cotyloid ligament]])
** [[acetabular notch]]
** [[Acetabulum|acetabular fossa]]
** [[lunate surface]]
* [[Obturator foramen]] (foramen obturatum; [[thyroid foramen]])
** [[obturator groove]]
** [[posterior obturator tubercle]]
** [[anterior obturator tubercle]]

==== the [[pelvis]] ({{GraySubject|58}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|238}} =====
* bones comprising pelvis
** left and right [[hip bones]]
** [[sacrum]]
** [[coccyx]]
* [[linea terminalis]] ([[pelvic brim]])
* [[Greater pelvis]] or [[False pelvis]] (pelvis major)

===== {{GrayPage|239}} =====
* [[Lesser pelvis]] or [[True pelvis]] (pelvis minor)
** [[Superior circumference]]
*** [[superior aperture]] or [[inlet]]
*** [[anteroposterior]] or [[conjugate diameter]]
*** [[transverse diameter]]
*** [[oblique diameter]]

===== {{GrayPage|240}} =====
* [[Lesser pelvis]] or [[True pelvis]] (pelvis minor)
** [[Lower circumference]]
*** [[inferior aperture]] or [[outlet]]
*** [[pubic arch]]
*** [[sciatic notches]]
*** [[antero-posterior diameter]]
*** [[transverse diameter]]

===== {{GrayPage|241}} =====
* [[Pelvis]]: [[male]] and [[female]], differences between:

==== the [[femur]] ({{GraySubject|59}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|242}} =====
* [[Femur]] ([[Thigh bone]])

===== {{GrayPage|243}} =====
* [[Upper extremity of femur]] (proximal extremity)
** [[Head of femur]] ([[caput femoris]])
** [[fovea capitis femoris]]
** [[Neck of femur]] ([[collum femoris]])

===== {{GrayPage|244}} =====
* [[Upper extremity of femur]] (proximal extremity)
** [[Trochanters]]
** [[Greater trochanter]] (trochanter major; great trochanter)
*** [[trochanteric fossa]] (digital fossa)

===== {{GrayPage|245}} =====
* [[Upper extremity of femur]] (proximal extremity)
** [[Lesser trochanter]] (trochanter minor; small trochanter)
** [[tubercle of the femur]]
** [[intertrochanteric line]] (spiral line of the femur)

===== {{GrayPage|246}} =====
* [[Upper extremity of femur]] (proximal extremity)
** [[intertrochanteric crest]]
** [[linea quadrata]]
* [[Body of femur]] or [[Shaft of femur]] (corpus femoris)
** [[linea aspera]]
** [[gluteal tuberosity]]
** [[third trochanter]]
** [[pectineal line]]
** [[popliteal surface]]
** [[adductor tubercle]]
** [[medial lip]]
** [[lateral lip]]

===== {{GrayPage|247}} =====
* [[Lower extremity of femur]] (distal extremity)
** [[condyles]]
** [[patellar surface]]
** [[intercondyloid fossa]]
** [[lateral condyle]]
** [[medial condyle]]
** [[intercondyloid line]]
** [[medial epicondyle]]
** [[lateral epicondyle]]

===== {{GrayPage|248}} =====
* [[Lower extremity of femur]] (distal extremity)
** [[articular surface]]
** [[patellar surface]]
** [[tibial surfaces]]

===== {{GrayPage|255}} =====
* [[Ossification]] of [[femur]]

==== the [[patella]] ({{GraySubject|60}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|255}} =====
* [[Patella]] ([[Knee cap]])

==== the [[tibia]] ({{GraySubject|61}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|256}} =====
* [[Tibia]] ([[Shin bone]])
* [[Upper extremity of tibia]] ([[proximal extremity]])
** [[medial condyle]] and [[lateral condyle]]
** [[superior articular surface]]
** [[intercondyloid eminence]] ([[spine of tibia]])
** [[anterior surfaces]]
** [[tuberosity of the tibia]]
** [[posterior intercondyloid fossa]]

===== {{GrayPage|257}} =====
* [[Body of tibia]] or [[Shaft of tibia]] (corpus tibiæ)
** [[interosseous crest]] or [[lateral border]]

===== {{GrayPage|258}} =====
* [[Body of tibia]] or [[Shaft of tibia]] (corpus tibiæ)
** [[popliteal line]]

===== {{GrayPage|259}} =====
* [[Body of tibia]] or [[Shaft of tibia]] (corpus tibiæ)
** [[nutrient foramen]]
* [[Lower extremity of tibia]]
** [[medial malleolus]]
** [[inferior articular surface]]

===== {{GrayPage|260}} =====
* [[Lower extremity of tibia]]
** [[malleolar sulcus]]
* [[Ossification of tibia]]

==== the [[fibula]] ({{GraySubject|62}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|260}} =====
* [[Fibula]] ([[Calf bone]])
* Upper extremity or [[Head of fibula]] (capitulum fibulœ; proximal extremity)
** [[apex]] ([[styloid process]])
* [[Body of fibula]] or [[shaft of fibula]] (corpus fibulæ)
** [[antero-lateral border]]
** [[antero-medial border]], or [[interosseous crest]]

===== {{GrayPage|261}} =====
* [[Body of fibula]] or [[shaft of fibula]] (corpus fibulæ)
** [[postero-lateral border]]
** [[postero-medial border]] ([[oblique line]])

===== {{GrayPage|262}} =====
* Lower extremity or [[Lateral malleolus]] (malleolus lateralis; distal extremity; [[external malleolus]])
** [[malleolar sulcus]]

=== the [[foot]] ===
==== the [[tarsus]] ({{GraySubject|63}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|263}} =====
* [[Tarsal bones]] (''Ossa tarsi'')
* [[Calcaneus]] (''Os calcis'')
** [[Calcaneal sulcus]]

===== {{GrayPage|266}} =====
* [[Calcaneus]] (''Os calcis'')
** [[Calcaneal tuberosity]] 
** [[Sustentaculum tali]] 
** [[Trochlear process]] of [[calcaneus]]  
* [[Talus bone|Talus]] (''[[Astragalus]]'', [[Ankle bone]])

===== {{GrayPage|267}} =====
* [[Talus bone|Talus]] (''[[Astragalus]]'', [[Ankle bone]])
** [[Corpus tali]] 
** [[sulcus tali]]
** [[sinus tarsi]]

===== {{GrayPage|269}} =====
* [[Talus bone|Talus]] (''[[Astragalus]]'', [[Ankle bone]])
** ''[[Os trigonum]]'' 
** [[Collum tali]] 
** [[Caput tali]] 
* [[Cuboid bone]] (''Os cuboideum'')
** [[Tuberosity of cuboid]] 

===== {{GrayPage|270}} =====
* [[Navicular bone]] of [[tarsus]] (''Os naviculare pedis'')
** [[Tuberosity of navicular bone]]
* [[Cuneiform (anatomy)|Cuneiform bones]]
** [[First cuneiform bone]] (''Os cuneiforme primum'')

===== {{GrayPage|271}} =====
* [[Cuneiform (anatomy)|Cuneiform bones]]
** [[Second cuneiform bone]] (''Os cuneiforme secundum'')
** [[Third cuneiform bone]] (''Os cuneiforme tertium'')

==== the [[metatarsus]] ({{GraySubject|64}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|272}} =====
* [[Metatarsus]] 
* [[Metatarsal bones]] (''[[Ossa metatarsalia]]'')
* [[First metatarsal bone]] 

===== {{GrayPage|273}} =====
* [[Second metatarsal bone]] 

===== {{GrayPage|274}} =====
* [[Third metatarsal bone]] 
* [[Fourth metatarsal bone]] 
* [[Fifth metatarsal bone]] 
** [[Tuberosity]]: of [[fifth metatarsal bone]]

==== the [[phalanges of the foot]] ({{GraySubject|65}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|275}} =====
* [[phalanges]] of the foot (Phalanges Digitorum Pedis)
* [[ungual phalanges]]

==== comparison of the bones of the [[hand]] and [[foot]] ({{GraySubject|66}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|276}} =====
* [[Comparison]] of [[bone]]s of [[hand]] and [[foot]]

==== the [[sesamoid bones]] ({{GraySubject|67}}) ====
===== {{GrayPage|277}} =====
* [[Sesamoid bones]] ([[Ossa sesamoidea]] )

== See also ==
* [[List of images and subjects in Gray's Anatomy]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:List Of Subjects In Gray's Anatomy: Ii. Osteology}}

[[Kategori:Gray's Anatomy-related lists|Subjects 02]]⏎
⏎
[[bg:Списък на темите в Анатомията на Грей: II. Остеология]]
[[en:List of subjects in Gray's Anatomy: II. Osteology]]
[[pt:Anexo:Lista de assuntos no Gray's Anatomy: II. Osteology]]