Difference between revisions 144766 and 144769 on kmwiki

{{other uses|Koala (disambiguation)}}

{{Taxobox
| name = ខ្លាឃ្មុំអូស្ដ្រាលី<br />(Koala)
| status = LC
| trend = unknown
| status_system = iucn3.1
| status_ref =<ref name=iucn/>
| image = Koala climbing tree.jpg
| image_width = 250px
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Chordate|Chordata]]
| classis = [[Mammal]]ia
| infraclassis = [[Marsupialia]]
| ordo = [[Diprotodontia]]
| subordo = [[Vombatiformes]]
| familia = [[Phascolarctidae]]
| genus = ''[[Phascolarctos]]''
| species = '''''P. cinereus'''''
| binomial = ''Phascolarctos cinereus''
| binomial_authority = ([[Georg August Goldfuss|Goldfuss]], 1817)
| synonyms_ref =<ref name="Moyal p.45"/><ref name = MSW3>{{MSW3 Diprotodontia | id = 11000005 | page = 43}}</ref>
| synonyms =
  {{plainlist|
* ''Lipurus cinereus'' <small>Goldfuss, 1817</small>
* ''Marodactylus cinereus'' <small>Goldfuss, 1820</small>
* ''Phascolarctos fuscus'' <small>[[Anselme Gaëtan Desmarest|Desmarest]], 1820</small>
* ''Phascolarctos flindersii'' <small>[[René Primevère Lesson|Lesson]], 1827</small>
* ''Phascolarctos koala'' <small>[[John Edward Gray|J.E. Gray]], 1827</small>
* ''Koala subiens'' <small>([[Gilbert Thomas Burnett|Burnett]], 1830)</small>
  }}
| range_map = Koala Range.jpg
| range_map_width =
| range_map_caption = Koala range (red – native, pink – introduced)
}}

The '''ខ្លាឃ្មុំអូស្ដ្រាលី ឬ koala''' (''Phascolarctos cinereus'') is an [[Arboreal locomotion|arboreal]] [[herbivore|herbivorous]] [[marsupial]] native to [[Eastern states of Australiaអូស្ដ្រាលី|the eastern states]] of [[Australiaអូស្ដ្រាលី]]. It is the only [[Extant taxon|extant]] representative of the family [[Phascolarctidae]] and its closest living relatives are the [[wombat]]s.<ref name = MSW3/> The koala is found in coastal areas of the mainland's eastern and southern regions, inhabiting [[Queensland]], [[New South Wales]], [[Victoria (Australiaអូស្ដ្រាលី)|Victoria]] and [[South Australiaអូស្ដ្រាលី]]. It is easily recognisable by its stout, tailless body, round, fluffy ears and large, spoon-shaped nose. The koala has a body length of {{convert|60|–|85|cm|abbr=on}} and weighs {{convert|4|–|15|kg|0|abbr=on}}. [[Pelage]] colour ranges from silver grey to chocolate brown. Koalas from the northern populations are typically smaller and lighter in colour than their counterparts further south. It is possible that these populations are separate [[subspecies]], but this is disputed.

Koalas typically inhabit open ''[[Eucalyptus]]'' woodlands, and the leaves of these trees make up most of their diet. Because this eucalypt diet has limited nutritional and caloric content, koalas are largely [[Sedentary lifestyle|sedentary]] and sleep for up to 20 hours a day. They are asocial animals, and [[maternal bond|bonding]] only exists between mothers and dependent offspring. Adult males [[animal communication|communicate]] with loud bellows that intimidate rivals and attract mates. Males mark their presence with secretions from their chest [[gland]]s. Being marsupials, koalas give birth to underdeveloped young that crawl into their mothers' [[pouch (marsupial)|pouches]], where they stay for the first six to seven months of their life. These young koalas are known as [[Joey (marsupial)|joeys]], and are fully [[weaning|weaned]] at around a year. Koalas have few natural predators and parasites but are threatened by various [[pathogens]], like [[Chlamydiaceae]] bacteria and the [[koala retrovirus]], as well as [[bushfires]] and droughts.

Koalas were hunted by [[indigenous Australians]] and  depicted in [[Australian Aboriginal mythology|myths]] and [[cave art]]ខ្លាឃ្មុំ កូអាឡា ត្រូវបានប្រមាញដោយ[[ជនជាតិដើមអូស្ដ្រាលី]] និងមានកត់ត្រានៅក្នុង[[អូស្ដ្រាលីn Aboriginal mythology|រឿងព្រេងនិទាន]] និង [[សិល្បៈតាមល្អាងភ្នំ]]ជាង for millennia. The first recorded encounter between a European and a koala was in 1798, and an image of the animal was published in 1810 by naturalist [[George Perry (naturalist)|George Perry]]. Botanist [[Robert Brown (botanist)|Robert Brown]] wrote the first detailed scientific [[species description|description]] of the koala in 1814, although his work remained unpublished for 180 years. Popular artist [[John Gould]] illustrated and described the koala, introducing the species to the general British public. Further details about the animal's biology were revealed in the 19th century by several English scientists. Because of its distinctive appearance, the koala is recognised worldwide as a [[National symbols of Australiaអូស្ដ្រាលី|symbol of Australiaអូស្ដ្រាលី]]. Koalas are listed as of [[Least Concern]] by the [[International Union for Conservation of Nature]]. The Australian government lists populations inរដ្ឋាភិបាលអូស្ដ្រាលីបានដាក់ ខ្លាឃ្មុំ koala ដែលមានរស់នៅក្នុងរដ្ឋ Queensland andនិង New South Wales as នៅក្នុងក្រុម[[vulnerable species|Vulnerable]].ងាយរងគ្រោះ]] ដោយសារតែចំនួនតិចនៅក្នុងរដ្ឋទាំង២នោះ។  The animal was hunted heavily in the early 20th century for its fur, and large-scale [[culling]]s in Queensland resulted in a public outcry that initiated a movement to protect the species. [[Animal sanctuary|Sanctuaries]] were established, and [[species translocation|translocation]] efforts moved koalas whose habitat had become fragmented or reduced to new regions. The biggest threat to their existence is [[habitat destruction]] due to agriculture and [[urbanisation]].

==មើលផងដែរ==
* [[Fauna of Australiaអូស្ដ្រាលី]]
* [[List of monotremes and marsupials of Australiaអូស្ដ្រាលី]]
* [[Sam (koala)]] a female koala known for being rescued during the [[Black Saturday bushfires]]

==ឯកសារយោង==
{{reflist|20em}}

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book |author=Jackson, S. |year=2010 |title=Koala: Origins of an Icon |publisher=Allen & Unwin |edition=2nd |isbn=978-1-74237-323-2}}
* {{cite book |author=Martin, R. W.; Handasyde, K. A.|year=1999 |title=The Koala: Natural History, Conservation and Management |publisher=New South Wales University Press |edition=2nd |isbn=978-1-57524-136-4}}
* {{cite book |author=Moyal, A. |year=2008 |title=Koala: A Historical Biography |series=Australian Natural History Series |publisher=CSIRO Publishing |isbn=978-0-643-09401-7}}
* {{cite book |author=Tyndale-Biscoe, H. |year=2005 |title=Life of Marsupials |publisher=CSIRO Publishing |isbn=978-0-643-06257-3}}

==តំណភ្ជាប់ខាងក្រៅ==
{{Wikispecies|Phascolarctos cinereus}}
{{Americana Poster|Koala|year=1920}}
* [http://www.thekoala.com/koala The Koala]
* Arkive – [http://www.arkive.org/koala/phascolarctos-cinereus/ images and movies of the koala ''Phascolarctos cinereus'']
* [http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/accounts/Phascolarctos_cinereus/ Animal Diversity Web – ''Phascolarctos cinereus'']
* [http://www.abc.net.au/4corners/stories/2012/08/16/3569231.htm "Koala Crunch Time"] – an [[Australian Broadcasting Corporation|ABC]] documentary (2012)
* [http://www.abc.net.au/environment/articles/2012/08/21/3571830.htm "Koalas deserve full protection"]
* [http://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/episodes/cracking-the-koala-code/full-episode/7721/ Cracking the Koala Code] – a [[Nature (TV series)|PBS Nature]] documentary (2012)
* {{Commons category-inline|Phascolarctos cinereus}}
* {{Wiktionary-inline|koala}}
{{Diprotodontia|V.}}

[[Category:Koalas| ]]
[[Category:Animals described in 1817]]
[[Category:Herbivorous animals]]
[[Category:Living fossils]]
[[Category:Mammals of New South Wales]]
[[Category:Mammals of Queensland]]
[[Category:Mammals of South Australia]]
[[Category:Mammals of Victoria (Australia)]]
[[Category:Marsupials of Australia]]
[[Category:Vombatiforms]]

{{Link GA|fi}}
{{Link FA|de}}