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{{about||the use of the term "democracy" as referring to a system involving multiparty elections, representative government, and freedom of speech|Liberal democracy|other uses}}
[[Image:Election MG 3455.JPG|thumb|right|350px|A woman casts her vote in the second round of the French presidential election of 2007]]
{{Democracy}}
{{Basic Forms of government}}
{{Politics}}

'''Democracy''' is a [[form of government]] in which all eligible citizens participate equally—either directly or through elected representatives—in the proposal, development, and creation of [[law]]s. It encompasses social, economic and cultural conditions that enable the free and equal practice of [[political freedom|political self-determination]].

The term originates from the [[Ancient Greek|Greek]] {{lang|grc|δημοκρατία}} (''{{lang|grc-Latn|dēmokratía}}'') "rule of the people",<ref>[http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0058%3Aentry%3Ddhmokrati%2Fa δημοκρατία] in   Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, "A Greek-English Lexicon", at Perseus</ref> which was coined from δῆμος (''dêmos'') "people" and κράτος (''kratos'') "power" or "rule" in the 5th century BCE to denote the [[political systems]] then existing in [[Greek city-state]]s, notably [[Classical Athens|Athens]]; the term is an antonym to [[:wikt:ἀριστοκρατία|ἀριστοκρατία]] (''aristocratie'') "rule of an elite".  While theoretically these definitions are in opposition, in practice the distinction has been blurred historically.<ref>Wilson, N. G. (2006). ''Encyclopedia of ancient Greece''. New York: Routledge. p. 511. ISBN 0-415-97334-1.</ref>  The political system of Classical Athens, for example, granted democratic citizenship to an elite class of free men and excluded slaves and women from political participation.  In virtually all democratic governments throughout ancient and modern history, democratic citizenship consisted of an elite class until full enfranchisement was won for all adult citizens in most modern democracies through the suffrage movements of the 19th and 20th centuries. The English word dates to the 16th century, from the older [[Middle French]] and [[Middle Latin]] equivalents.

Democracy contrasts with forms of government where power is either held by one person, as in a [[monarchy]], or where power is held by a small number of individuals, as in an [[oligarchy]]. Nevertheless, these oppositions, inherited from Greek philosophy,<ref>{{cite book|last=Barker|first=Ernest|title=The Political Thought of Plato and Aristotle|year=1906|publisher=G. P. Putnam's Sons|location=Chapter VII, Section 2|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=1HUrAAAAYAAJ}}</ref> are now ambiguous because contemporary governments have mixed democratic, oligarchic, and monarchic elements. [[Karl Popper]] defined democracy in contrast to [[dictatorship]] or tyranny, thus focusing on opportunities for the people to control their leaders and to oust them without the need for a [[revolution]].<ref>Jarvie, 2006, pp.&nbsp;218–9</ref>

Several variants of democracy exist, but there are two basic forms, both of which concern how the whole body of all eligible citizens executes its will. One form of democracy is [[direct democracy]], in which all eligible citizens have direct and active participation in the decision making of the government. In most modern democracies, the whole body of all eligible citizens remain the sovereign power but political power is exercised indirectly through elected representatives; this is called [[representative democracy]]. The concept of representative democracy arose largely from ideas and institutions that developed during the [[European Middle Ages]], the [[Reformation]], the [[Age of Enlightenment]], and the [[American Revolution|American]] and [[French Revolution]]s.<ref>"[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/157129/democracy Democracy]". Encyclopædia Britannica.</ref>

{{TOC limit|3}}


==មើលផងដែរ==
{{Portal|Politics}}
{{col-begin}}{{col-break}}
* [[Athenian democracy]]
* [[Consensus democracy]]
* [[រាជានិយមអាស្រ័យរដ្ឋធម្មនុញ្]]
* [[Cosmopolitan democracy]]
* [[Direct democracy]]
* [[Deliberative democracy]]
{{col-break}}
* [[Democracy Index]]
* [[Democratic peace theory]]
* [[Democratic republic]]
* [[Democratization]]
* [[E-democracy]]
* [[Empowered democracy]]
{{col-break}}
* [[Foucault/Habermas debate]]
* [[Liberal democracy]]
* [[Majority rule]]
* [[Outline of democracy]]
* [[Participatory democracy]]
* [[Participatory politics]]
{{col-break}}
* [[ប្រព័ន្ធប្រធានាធិបតី]]
* [[ប្រព័ន្ធសភា]]
* [[Radical democracy]]
* [[Representative democracy]]
* [[នីតិរដ្ឋ]]
{{col-end}}

==ឯកសារយោង==
'''កំណត់ចំណាំ'''
{{Reflist|2}}

'''អានបន្ថែម'''
{{refbegin|2}}
* Appleby, Joyce. (1992). ''Liberalism and Republicanism in the Historical Imagination.'' Harvard University Press.
* [[Daniele Archibugi|Archibugi, Daniele]], [http://press.princeton.edu/titles/8737.html ''The Global Commonwealth of Citizens. Toward Cosmopolitan Democracy'', Princeton University Press] ISBN 978-0-691-13490-1
* Becker, Peter, Heideking, Juergen, & Henretta, James A. (2002). ''Republicanism and Liberalism in America and the German States, 1750–1850.'' Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-80066-2
* Benhabib, Seyla. (1996). ''Democracy and Difference: Contesting the Boundaries of the Political.'' Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-04478-1
* [[Charles Blattberg|Blattberg, Charles]]. (2000). ''From Pluralist to Patriotic Politics: Putting Practice First'', Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-829688-1.
* Birch, Anthony H. (1993). ''The Concepts and Theories of Modern Democracy.'' London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-41463-0
* Castiglione, Dario. (2005). "[http://www.huss.ex.ac.uk/politics/research/readingroom/CastiglioneRepublicanism.pdf#search=%22republicanism%20historiography%22 Republicanism and its Legacy]." ''European Journal of Political Theory.'' pp 453–65.
* Copp, David, Jean Hampton, & John E. Roemer. (1993). ''The Idea of Democracy.'' Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-43254-2
* Caputo, Nicholas. (2005). ''America's Bible of Democracy: Returning to the Constitution.'' SterlingHouse Publisher, Inc. ISBN 978-1-58501-092-9
* Dahl, Robert A. (1991). ''Democracy and its Critics.'' Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-04938-1
* Dahl, Robert A. (2000). ''On Democracy.'' Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-08455-9
* Dahl, Robert A. Ian Shapiro & Jose Antonio Cheibub. (2003). ''The Democracy Sourcebook.'' MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-54147-3
* Dahl, Robert A. (1963). ''A Preface to Democratic Theory.'' University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-13426-0
* Davenport, Christian. (2007). ''State Repression and the Domestic Democratic Peace.'' Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-86490-9
* Diamond, Larry & Marc Plattner. (1996). ''The Global Resurgence of Democracy.'' [[Johns Hopkins University Press]]. ISBN 978-0-8018-5304-3
* Diamond, Larry & Richard Gunther. (2001). ''Political Parties and Democracy.'' JHU Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-6863-4
* Diamond, Larry & Leonardo Morlino. (2005). ''Assessing the Quality of Democracy.'' JHU Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8287-6
* Diamond, Larry, Marc F. Plattner & Philip J. Costopoulos. (2005). ''World Religions and Democracy.'' JHU Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8080-3
* Diamond, Larry, Marc F. Plattner & Daniel Brumberg. (2003). ''Islam and Democracy in the Middle East.'' JHU Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-7847-3
* Elster, Jon. (1998). ''Deliberative Democracy.'' Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-59696-1
* [[Takis Fotopoulos|Fotopoulos, Takis]]. (2006). "[http://www.inclusivedemocracy.org/journal/vol2/vol2_no2_Takis_liberal_socialist.htm Liberal and Socialist "Democracies" versus Inclusive Democracy]", ''The International Journal Of Inclusive Democracy.'' '''2'''(2)
* [[Takis Fotopoulos|Fotopoulos, Takis]]. (1992). [http://www.democracynature.org/dn/vol1/fotopoulos_athens.htm "Direct and Economic Democracy in Ancient Athens and its Significance Today"], ''Democracy & Nature'', '''1'''(1)
* Gabardi, Wayne. (2001). Contemporary Models of Democracy. ''Polity''.
* Griswold, Daniel. (2007). [http://www.freetrade.org/node/681 Trade, Democracy and Peace: The Virtuous Cycle]
* Gutmann, Amy, and Dennis Thompson. (1996). ''Democracy and Disagreement.'' Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-19766-4
* Gutmann, Amy, and Dennis Thompson. (2002). ''Why Deliberative Democracy?'' Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-12019-5
* {{cite book|last=Haldane|first=Robert Burdone|authorlink=Richard Haldane, 1st Viscount Haldane|title=[[s:The future of democracy|The future of democracy]]|year=1918|publisher=Headley Bros. Publishers Ltd.|location=London}}
* Halperin, M. H., Siegle, J. T. & Weinstein, M. M. (2005). ''The Democracy Advantage: How Democracies Promote Prosperity and Peace.'' Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-95052-7
* [[Mogens Herman Hansen|Hansen, Mogens Herman]]. (1991). ''The Athenian Democracy in the Age of Demosthenes.'' Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-631-18017-3
* Held, David. (2006). ''Models of Democracy.'' Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-5472-9
* Inglehart, Ronald. (1997). ''Modernization and Postmodernization. Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies.'' Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-01180-6
* Isakhan, Ben and Stockwell, Stephen (co-editors). (2011) ''The Secret History of Democracy.'' Palgrave MacMillan. ISBN 978-0-230-24421-4
* {{cite book
|last=Jarvie
|first=I. C.
|last2=Milford
|first2=K.
|title=Karl Popper: Life and time, and values in a world of facts Volume 1 of Karl Popper: A Centenary Assessment, Karl Milford
|publisher=Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
|year=2006
|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=w-BEoTj0axoC
|isbn=978-0-7546-5375-2}}
* Khan, L. Ali. (2003). ''A Theory of Universal Democracy: Beyond the End of History.'' Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. ISBN 978-90-411-2003-8
* [[Hans Köchler|Köchler, Hans]]. (1987). ''The Crisis of Representative Democracy.'' Peter Lang. ISBN 978-3-8204-8843-2
* Lijphart, Arend. (1999). ''Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries.'' Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07893-0
* {{Cite journal | doi = 10.2307/1951731 | author = Lipset, Seymour Martin. | year = 1959 | title = Some Social Requisites of Democracy: Economic Development and Political Legitimacy| journal = American Political Science Review | volume = 53 | issue = 1 | pages = 69–105 | jstor =  1951731 }}
* Macpherson, C. B. (1977). ''The Life and Times of Liberal Democracy.'' Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-289106-8
* Morgan, Edmund. (1989). ''Inventing the People: The Rise of Popular Sovereignty in England and America.'' Norton. ISBN 978-0-393-30623-1
* {{cite book
|last=Ober
|first=J.
|last2=Hedrick
|first2=C. W.
|title=Dēmokratia: a conversation on democracies, ancient and modern
|publisher=Princeton University Press
|year=1996
|url=http://books.google.com/?id=hXNm1Q92oy4C
|isbn=0-691-01108-7}}
* Plattner, Marc F. & Aleksander Smolar. (2000). ''Globalization, Power, and Democracy.'' JHU Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-6568-8
* Plattner, Marc F. & João Carlos Espada. (2000). ''The Democratic Invention.'' Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-6419-3
* Putnam, Robert. (2001). ''[[Making Democracy Work]].'' Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-5-551-09103-5
* Raaflaub, Kurt A., Ober, Josiah & Wallace, Robert W. (2007). ''Origins of democracy in ancient Greece.'' University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24562-4
* [[William H. Riker|Riker, William H.]]. (1962). ''[[The Theory of Political Coalitions]].'' Yale University Press.
* {{Cite journal | doi = 10.1353/jod.1999.0055 | author = Sen, Amartya K. | year = 1999 | title = Democracy as a Universal Value | url =  | journal = Journal of Democracy | volume = 10 | issue = 3 | pages = 3–17 }}
* Tannsjo, Torbjorn. (2008). ''Global Democracy: The Case for a World Government.'' Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 978-0-7486-3499-6. Argues that not only is world government necessary if we want to deal successfully with global problems it is also, pace Kant and Rawls, desirable in its own right.
* Thompson, Dennis (1970). ''The Democratic Citizen: Social Science and Democratic Theory in the 20th Century''. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-13173-5
* {{Cite journal | doi = 10.2307/2952354 | author = Weingast, Barry. | year = 1997 | title = The Political Foundations of the Rule of Law and Democracy| journal = American Political Science Review | volume = 91 | issue = 2 | pages = 245–263 | jstor =  2952354 }}
* Weatherford, Jack. (1990). ''Indian Givers: How the Indians Transformed the World.'' New York: Fawcett Columbine. ISBN 978-0-449-90496-1
* Whitehead, Laurence. (2002). ''Emerging Market Democracies: East Asia and Latin America.'' JHU Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-7219-8
* Willard, Charles Arthur. (1996). ''Liberalism and the Problem of Knowledge: A New Rhetoric for Modern Democracy.'' University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-89845-2
* Wood, E. M. (1995). ''Democracy Against Capitalism: Renewing historical materialism.'' Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-47682-9
* Wood, Gordon S. (1991). ''The Radicalism of the American Revolution.'' Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-679-73688-2 examines democratic dimensions of republicanism
{{Refend}}

==តំណភ្ជាប់ខាងក្រៅ==
{{Commons category|Democracy}}
{{Wikiquote}}
{{Wiktionary|democracy}}
* [http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-5959251658237547562&ei=H5KlSdvRHZTWqAKtjsCZBw Democracy vs. Republic]
* {{dmoz|Society/Politics/Democracy/}}
* [http://www.ruc.dk/demnetgov/ Center for Democratic Network Governance]
* [http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/democracy Democracy] at the [[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]
* [http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/cgi-local/DHI/dhi.cgi?id=dv1-78 Dictionary of the History of Ideas: Democracy]
* [http://www.ethicaldemocracy.org Ethical Democracy Journal]
* [http://a330.g.akamai.net/7/330/25828/20081021185552/graphics.eiu.com/PDF/Democracy%20Index%202008.pdf The Economist Intelligence Unit's index of democracy]
* [http://xroads.virginia.edu/~HYPER/DETOC/home.html Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America] Full hypertext with critical essays on America in 1831–32 from American Studies at the University of Virginia
* [http://www.dwatch.ca Democracy Watch (Canada)]{{spaced ndash}}Leading democracy monitoring organization
* [http://www.democraticaudit.com Democratic Audit (UK)]{{spaced ndash}}Independent research organisation which produces evidence-based reports that assess democracy and human rights in the UK
* [http://filestore.democraticaudit.com/file/de232c951e8286baa79af208ac250112-1311676243/oligarchy.pdf Prof David Beetham (2011), ''Corporate and Financial Dominance in Britain's Democracy'']{{spaced ndash}}Easy-to-understand, evidence-based evaluation of how rich corporations have hijacked democracy in Britain.
* Ewbank, N. [http://cliojournal.wikispaces.com/The+Nature+of+Athenian+Democracy The Nature of Athenian Democracy], Clio History Journal, 2009.
* {{cite web|url=http://www.innertemple.org.uk/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=250&Itemid=198 |title=Democracy Conference |publisher=Innertemple.org.uk}}

;Critique
* [[Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn]]: [http://library.mises.org/books/Erik%20von%20Kuehnelt-Leddihn/Liberty%20or%20Equality%20The%20Challenge%20of%20Our%20Time.pdf ''Liberty or Equality.'']
* J.K. Baltzersen: [http://www.enterstageright.com/archive/articles/0105/0105churchilldem.htm ''Churchill on Democracy Revisited''], (24 January 2005)
* GegenStandpunkt: [http://www.gegenstandpunkt.com/english/state/toc.html ''The Democratic State: Critique of Bourgeois Sovereignty'']
* Frank Karsten: [http://lewrockwell.com/orig13/karsten2.1.1.html '''Democracy Can't Be Fixed. It's Inherently Broken'''], Lew Rockwell

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{{Age of Enlightenment}}
{{Social and political philosophy}}

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