Difference between revisions 91126 and 92645 on lowiki

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ເມືອງຫຼວງພະບາງ
[[ຮູບ:Luangphabang okt98.jpg|thumbnail|300px]]
[[ຮູບ:Karte luang prabang laos.png|thumbnail|left]]
ေလး​ေရ​ေမာင္​အားေပး​ခဲ​တယ္ေနာ္​အေကာက္​ေလး​ေပး​ပါလား​မဂၤလာပါ​ေလး​ေရ​ေမာင္​အားေပး​ခဲ​တယ္ေနာ္​အေကာက္​ေလး​ေပး​ပါလား​မဂၤလာပါ​ေလး​ေရ​ေမာင္​အားေပး​ခဲ​တယ္ေနာ္​အေကာက္​ေလး​ေပးခဲ့​ပါလား​ေနာ္​ေသ​ေသ​သ​ေသ​ေသ​ေသ​ေသ​ေသာ္။


ရွင္​ဘ​ေလာ​ပို႔​ဂါ​ယာ​ေလ့လာ​ထား​တာပဲ​စာသား​ေလးေတြ​ပဲ​ပို႔ေပး​ထားခဲ့​တယ္ေနာ္​စား​လိုက္​အုံး​မယ္ေနာ္​မ​ကို​ေမ့​ေနၿပီ​ေပါ့​ေနာ့​ကို​သတိရ​ေန​တယ္ေနာ္​ကေလး​ေလး​ရယ္​က​လြဲ​လို႔​ဘာ​ထူး​လို႔​ေမး​ရင္​ေကာ​မရ​ဘူးလား​ဆရာ​ကို​စာရင္း​တို႔​ထား​ဖို႔​ေတာ့​လို​မယ္ထင္​လို႔​ပဲ​လား​ေနာ္​မဂၤလာပါ​မဂၤလာပါ​ရွင္​ေလးကို​မ​ေမ့​နဲ႔​အုံး​မယ္​ေနာ​က္တာ​မေလး​ေရ​ခံစား​အားေပးသြားပါတယ္​အကို​ေရ​အားေပးခဲ့​တယ္ေနာ္​မ​ဆု​ျမတ္​မိုး​သူ​ဇာ​မိုး​မိန္းကေလး​တို႔​သတိထား​သင့္ေသာ​ေယာ​က်​က။{{Short description|District and municipality in Laos}}
{{other uses}}
{{excessive citations|date=June 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name                            = ຫຼວງພະບາງ
| native_name                     =
| native_name_lang                = Lao
| other_name                      =
| settlement_type                 = [[ອຳເພອ]] & [[ເມືອງ]]
| official_name                   = Luang Prabang District
| image_skyline                   = File:Phou si Luang Prabang Laos プーシーの丘 ラオス・ルアンプラバーン DSCF6777.jpg
| imagesize                       = 
| image_caption                   = ຫຼວງພະບາງຕະວັນອ
<!-- images and maps  ------------------>| image_map                       = 
| mapsize                         = 
| map_caption                     = 
| image_map1                      = 
| mapsize1                        = 
| map_caption1                    = 
| pushpin_map                     = Laos<!-- the name of a location map as per http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Location_map -->
| pushpin_label_position          = bottom
| pushpin_map_caption             = Location in Laos
| pushpin_mapsize                 = 250

<!-- Location ---------------------->| coordinates                     = {{coord|19|53|N|102|08|E|region:LA|display=inline}}
| subdivision_type                = ປະເທດ
| subdivision_name                = [[ປະເທດລາວ|ລາວ]]
| subdivision_type1               = [[ແຂວງ]]
| subdivision_type2               = [[Districts of Laos|District]]
| subdivision_type3               = 
| subdivision_type4               = 
| subdivision_name1               = [[ແຂວງຫຼວງພະບາງ|ຫຼວງພະບາງ]]
| subdivision_name2               = Luang Prabang District
| subdivision_name3               = 
| subdivision_name4               = <!-- Politics ------------------------>
| established_title               = <!-- Settled -->
| established_date                = 
| established_title2              = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
| established_date2               = 
| established_title3              = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
| established_date3               = <!-- Area ------------------------------>
| government_footnotes            = 
| government_type                 = Local Committee for World Heritage Louangphabang<ref name=Sengnaly>{{cite web|last1=Sengnaly|first1=Phanthong|title=Conference of Local Committee For World Heritage|url=http://www.luangprabang-heritage.org/index.php/en/more-eng/news-eng/97-conference_en.html|website=www.luangprabang-heritage.org|access-date=16 June 2016}}</ref>
| leader_title                    = President of the Local Committee for World Heritage Louangphabang</ref name=Sengnaly>
| leader_name                     = 
| leader_title1                   = Mayor of Luang Prabang District</ref name=Sengnaly> <!-- for places with, say, both a mayor and a city manager -->
| leader_name1                    = 
| unit_pref                       = Metric <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
| area_footnotes                  = 
| area_magnitude                  = 
| area_total_km2                  = <!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->
| area_land_km2                   = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->
| area_water_km2                  = 
| area_water_sq_mi                = 
| area_water_percent              = 
| area_urban_km2                  = 
| area_urban_sq_mi                = 
| area_metro_km2                  = 
| area_metro_sq_mi                = 
| area_blank1_title               = 
| area_blank1_km2                 = 
| area_blank1_sq_mi               = <!-- Population   --------------------------->
| elevation_footnotes             = <ref name= NOAA/>
| elevation_m                     = 305
| elevation_ft                    = <!-- Area/postal codes & others ------------------>
| population_total                = 55,027
| population_as_of                = 
| population_footnotes            = 
| population_density_km2          = 
| population_density_sq_mi        = 
| population_urban                = 
| population_density_urban_km2    = 
| population_density_urban_sq_mi  = 
| population_metro                = 
| population_density_metro_km2    = 
| population_density_metro_sq_mi  = 
| population_blank1_title         = 
| population_blank1               = 
| population_density_blank1_km2   = 
| population_density_blank1_sq_mi = <!-- General information  ---------------------->
| population_blank2_title         = 
| population_blank2               = 
| population_note                 = 
| postal_code_type                = Post Code <!-- Zip Code, Postcode, Post code, Postal code... -->
| postal_code                     = 06000<ref>{{cite web|title=Laos Postal Explorer|url=http://pe.usps.com/text/imm/il_020.htm|website=pe.usps.com|access-date=19 October 2016}}</ref>
| area_code                       = 
| website                         = http://tourismluangprabang.org/
| footnotes                       = 
  {{Infobox UNESCO World Heritage Site
  |child = yes
  |ID = 479
  |Year = 1995
  |Criteria = Cultural: ii, iv, v
  |Area = 820 ha
  |Buffer_zone = 12,560 ha 
  }}
| image_dot_map                   = 
| leader_title2                   = 
| leader_name2                    = 
| leader_title3                   = 
| leader_name3                    = 
| leader_title4                   = 
| leader_name4                    = 
| timezone                        = [[Time in Laos|ICT]]
| utc_offset                      = +7
}}

'''Luang Phabang''',<ref>{{cite web|title=Laos|url=https://2009-2017.state.gov/p/eap/ci/la|website=www.state.gov|access-date=14 June 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Longman School Atlas|publisher=Pearson Education India|isbn=9788131729076|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5KgOkfk9qYYC&q=%22Louangphabang&pg=PT101|access-date=14 June 2016|language=en|edition=Revised}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Inc|first1=Dorling Kindersley Publishing|title=Essential Atlas of the World|publisher=Dorling Kindersley|isbn=9780756609641|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Gv85AQAAIAAJ&q=%22Louangphabang%22|access-date=14 June 2016|language=en|year=2005}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=McCoy|first1=John|title=Geo-data: the world geographical encyclopedia|publisher=Thomson-Gale|isbn=9780787655815|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tVIRAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Louangphabang%22|access-date=15 June 2016|language=en|year=2003}}</ref> ([[Lao language|Lao]]: [[wikt:ຫລວງພະບາງ|ຫລວງພະບາງ]]/[[wikt:ຫຼວງພະບາງ|ຫຼວງພະບາງ]]) or ''Louangphabang''<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ricklefs|first1=M. C.|last2=Lockhart|first2=Bruce|last3=Lau|first3=Albert|last4=Reyes|first4=Portia|last5=Aung-Thwin|first5=Maitrii|title=A New History of Southeast Asia|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=9781137015549|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bescBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA103|access-date=15 June 2016|language=en|date=2010-11-19}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Saqalli|first1=Mehdi|last2=Jourdren|first2=Marine|last3=Maestripieri|first3=Nicolas|last4=Guillerme|first4=Sylvie|last5=Maire|first5=Eric|last6=Soulileuth|first6=Bounsamai|last7=Latsachach|first7=Keoudone|last8=Sounyafong|first8=Phabvilay|last9=Tammahuxsa|first9=Louy|last10=Sengtaheuanghoung|first10=Oloth|last11=Ribolzi|first11=Olivier|last12=Becerra|first12=Sylvia|title=Backward waters, modern waters: Perception-Based Regional Mapping territory uses and water-related sanitary stakes in Luang Phabang area (Lao PDR)|journal=Applied Geography|date=1 June 2015|volume=60|pages=184–193|doi=10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.04.001|url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01187590/file/Saqalli%20et%20al%20zada%20laos.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Ladwig|first1=Patrice|title=Worshipping Relics and Animating Statues. Transformations of Buddhist statecraft in contemporary Laos|journal=Modern Asian Studies|date=1 January 2014|volume=49|issue=6|doi=10.1017/S0026749X13000486|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271745996|access-date=15 June 2016|issn=0026-749X|pages=1875–1902|s2cid=145208558}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Lockhart|first1=Bruce M.|title=Review of Laos Culture and Society; The Politics of Ritual and Remembrance: Laos since 1975, Grant Evans; Theravadins, Colonialists and Commissars in Laos; Essai d'Anthropologie Politique Sur Le Laos Contemporain: Marché, Socialisme, Et Genies|journal=Journal of Southeast Asian Studies|date=1 January 2002|volume=33|issue=1|pages=180–184|doi=10.1017/s0022463402300080|jstor=20072402}}</ref> (pronounced {{IPA-lo|lǔaŋ pʰa.bàːŋ|}}), commonly [[Transliteration|transliterated]] into [[Western world|Western]] languages from the pre-1975 Lao spelling ຫຼວງພຣະບາງ (ຣ = [[Lao alphabet#Consonantal digraphs and ligatures|silent r]]) as '''Luang Prabang''',<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ammon|first1=Ulrich|title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=9783110184181|page=2010|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA2010|access-date=14 June 2016|language=en|year=2006}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Ball|first1=Martin J.|title=The Routledge Handbook of Sociolinguistics Around the World: A Handbook|publisher=Routledge|isbn=9781135261047|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ss-NAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT221|access-date=14 June 2016|language=en|date=2009-12-16}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Burke|first1=Andrew|last2=Vaisutis|first2=Justine|title=Laos|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=9781741045680|page=[https://archive.org/details/laos00burk/page/345 345]|url=https://archive.org/details/laos00burk|url-access=registration|access-date=14 June 2016|language=en|year=2007}}</ref> literally meaning "[[Phra Bang|Royal Buddha Image]]", is a city<ref>{{cite web|title=Luangprabang at a Glance (page 2)|url=http://www.forum-urban-futures.net/files/Saykham_Luangprabang%20at%20a%20glance.pdf|publisher=[[Ministry of Public Works and Transport (Laos)]]|access-date=15 June 2016}}</ref> in north central [[Laos]], consisting of 58 [[wikt:adjacent|adjacent]] villages, of which 33 comprise the [[UNESCO]] ''Town Of Luang Prabang'' [[World Heritage Site]].<ref name=takada>[http://www.isocarp.net/data/case_studies/901.pdf Application of Information and Communication Technology to Promote Sustainable Development A Case Study: Town of Luang Prabang, Lao PDR] (pdf) Tokyo Institute of Technology, Retrieved June 15, 2016</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Town of Luang Prabang - Map|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/479/multiple=1&unique_number=1954|publisher=[[UNESCO]]|access-date=15 June 2016|language=en}}</ref> It was listed in 1995 for unique and "remarkably" well preserved architectural, religious and cultural heritage, a blend of the rural and urban developments over several centuries, including the [[French colonial]] influences during the 19th and 20th centuries.<ref>{{cite web|title=Town of Luang Prabang - UNESCO World Heritage Centre|url=https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/479|publisher=[[UNESCO]]|access-date=16 June 2016|language=en}}</ref>