Difference between revisions 2362335 and 2362336 on mediawikiwiki

[[File:Apple juice with 3apples.jpg|thumb|Apple juice with 3 [[apple]]s]]
[[Image:Applejuice f83e1c36ea.png|thumb|Clarified apple juice, from which [[pectin]] and [[starch]] have been removed, in a plastic bottle]]
'''Apple juice''' is a [[juice|fruit juice]] made by the [[Maceration (food)|maceration]] and pressing of [[apple]]s. The resulting expelled juice may be further treated by enzymatic and centrifugal clarification to remove the [[starch]] and [[pectin]], which holds fine particulate in suspension, and then [[pasteurization|pasteurize]]d for packaging in glass, metal or [[aseptic processing]] system containers, or further treated  by dehydration processes to a [[concentrate]]. 
[[File:Russet apple juice.JPG|thumb|[[Russet apple]] juice from [[Bolney]], [[Mid Sussex]], [[England]], in a glass.]]
Due to the complex and costly equipment required to extract and clarify juice from apples in large volume, apple juice is normally produced commercially. In the [[United States]], unfiltered fresh apple juice is made ⏎
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by smaller operations in areas of high apple production, in the form of unclarified [[apple cider]]. Apple juice is one of the most common fruit juices in the world, with world production led by [[China]], [[Poland]], the United States, and [[Germany]].<ref>[http://fruitthemes.com/Apple%20Juice%20Feature%20May%202005.pdf USDA Foreign Agricultural Service. World Apple Juice Situation. 2004-2005.] Retrieved 2008-02-20.</ref>

==Production==
(contracted; show full)8.htm Vitamin C in selected varieties]</ref> and much of that is lost in processing. Vitamin C also helps to prevent oxidation of the product.{{citation needed|date=January 2012}} Other vitamin concentrations are low, but apple juice does contain various mineral nutrients, including [[boron]], which may promote healthy bones.<ref>[http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all?content=10.1080/10643380590900200 Parks and Edwards (2005) Boron in the Environment] Retrieved 2008-08-13</ref>

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Apple juice has a significant concentration of [[natural phenol]]s of low molecular weight (including [[chlorogenic acid]], [[flavan-3-ol]]s, and [[flavonol]]s) and [[procyanidin]]s.<ref>Fractionation of polyphenol-enriched apple juice extracts to identify constituents with cancer chemopreventive potential. Henriette Zessner, Lydia Pan, Frank Will, Karin Klimo, Jutta Knauft, Regina Niewöhner, Wolfgang Hümmer, Robert Owen, Elke Richling, Norbert Frank, Peter Schreier, Hans Becker and Clarissa Gerhauser, Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, Supplement: Natural Products and Dietary Prevention of Cancer, Volume 52, Issue Supplement 1, pages S28–S44, June 2010, {{doi|10.1002/mnfr.200700317}}</ref> Apple juice has been shown to reduce [[oxidative stress]] on the brains of aging lab mice.<ref name="Willow Lawson">{{cite web
| url=  http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/200603/apple-your-thoughts
| title= Apples and apple juice contain antioxidants that protect cells throughout the body, particularly the brain and heart 
| last=  Lawson
| first= Willow  
| publisher=  Psychology Today
| date=  March 8, 2006 
| accessdate =  2010-06-19
}}</ref> Apple juice has been shown to reduce [[oxidative stress]] on the brains of aging lab mice. Research suggests that apple juice increases [[acetylcholine]] in the brain, possibly resulting in improved [[memory]].<ref>[http://www.webmd.com/brain/news/20060804/apple-juice-boost-memory Apple Juice May Boost Memory]. WebMD</ref>⏎
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Despite having some health benefits, apple juice is high in sugar. It has 28&nbsp;g carbohydrates (24&nbsp;g sugars) per {{convert|8|oz|g|abbr=in|disp=flip}}. This results in 130 calories per {{convert|8|oz|g|abbr=in|disp=flip}} – protein and fat are not significant. Also like most fruit juice, apple juice contains a similar amount of sugar as the raw fruit, but lacks the fiber content.

==Apple cider==
{{main|Apple cider}}
(contracted; show full)bacteria, and viruses. The most common pathogens were [[Escherichia coli O157:H7|E.coli 0157]] and 0111, [[Salmonella]], [[Cryptosporidium]], [[Clostridium botulinum]], and [[Hepatitis A]]. Pathogens can be spread in a number of ways, such as contamination where the fruit is grown, being carried in contaminated containers, or due to poor handling and washing.<ref name=healthlinkbc>[http://www.healthlinkbc.ca/healthfiles/pdf/hfile72.pdf Unpasteurized Fruit Juices and Ciders]</ref>

==Storage==


To ensure that customers enjoy their apple juice as fresh as possible, it is important to consume the juice by the date provided on the label. When the juice is first purchased, itFresh apple juice requires refrigeration.  Sealed bottles of [[Canning|canned]] apple juice can be stored in a dark, cool place, such as a pantry, or cupboard, to delay the degradation of the product.<ref name="eatbydate.com">[{{Cite web|url=http://www.eatbydate.com/drinks/fruit-juice-shelf-life-expiration-date/  |title=How Long Does Fruit Juice Last? Shelf Life,Storage, Expiration<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> If the juice is not consumed right away, the appearance, texture, or taste of the juice might change, however if it has not passed the best before date then it should be safe to consume. Once the juice package is opened|website=Eat By Date|language=en-US|access-date=2016-05-29}}</ref> The appearance, texture, or taste of the juice might change over time. 

Once the juice package is opened, or if it was not sealed and shipped without needing refrigeration by the manufacturer, it must be resealed tightly and refrigerated right away to avoid contamination from microorganisms such as bacteria.<ref>[{{Cite web|url=http://www.stilltasty.com/fooditems/index/16373  |title=How Long to Keep / Best Way to Store Apple Juice, Commercially Canned Or Bottled, Sold Unrefrigerated — Unopened | S|website=www.stillTtasty.com<!-- Bot generated title -->]|access-date=2016-05-29}}</ref> The ideal storage temperature for apple juice is between 0 to 4&nbsp;°C. Depending on the original package of the apple juice, it could help to transfer the contents to a new container.<ref name="eatbydate.com"  /> For example, if the original package was a [[Tetra Pak]], which does not permit contact of the product with light, then it is safe to refrigerate as is. However, if the product was initially in a clear glass container, transferring the apple juice into an opaque container would help extend the shelf life of the juice. This may include a thermos or plastic bottle.

==See also==
{{portal|Drink}}
* [[List of juices]]
* [[Malic acid]]

==References==
{{Commons category|Apple juice}}
{{Reflist}}⏎
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<references />{{fruit juice}}
{{Apples}}

[[Category:Apple products]]
[[Category:Fruit juice]]