Difference between revisions 448253 and 448254 on mnwiki

"Монголчууд XVII-XX зууны эхэн үе" зурагт түүх ном нь "Монсудар хэвлэлийн газар"-аас эрхлэн гаргадаг "Монголчууд" цувралын хоёрдугаар боть юм.

(contracted; show full)




Монголын толгойлогчдын олонх нь улс үндсийг бодохгүй дан ганц амин хувийн ашиг завшааныг хүсэгч бөгөөд завсар хоорондоо эвсэл холбоогүй хэсэг бүлгээр тасарч ард түмнээс хол хөндийрсөн учраас тийнхүү харь этгээдийн арга явуулгад хялбараар эвдэгдэж, монголын ард түмнийг хэсэг зуур манж-хятадын эрхшээлд барьж өгснөөс бус манж хятадын цэрэг байлдааны хүчирхэг чадамгайгаас болж бууж өгсөн хэмээж хэрхэвч үл болно.

Лхамсүрэнгийн ДЭНДЭВ (1946 он)
⏎
⏎
==Background/reception==
The book is a [[Historical revisionism|revisionist]] work more sympathetic to the [[Mongols]] than has been the case in the past. In 1979 Paul Ratchnevsky wrote about the Khan's knack for forging alliances, his fairness in dividing the spoils, and his patronage of the sciences.<ref>
{{cite book
 | title =        Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy 
 | author =       Paul Ratchnevsky
 | publisher =    Blackwell
 | year =         1979
 | ISBN = 0-631-18949-1
 | others =   translated Thomas Nivison Haining 1991
}}</ref> Similarly, Saunders and H.H.Howorth have argued that the Mongol empire contributed to opening up intellectual interactions between China, the Middle East, and Europe.<ref name=saunders>Saunders, J. J. (1971). ''The History of the Mongol Conquests'', Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. ISBN 0-8122-1766-7</ref>

The book suggests that the western depiction of the Mongols as savages who destroyed  civilization was due to the Mongols' approach to dealing with the competing leadership classes. The Mongols practiced killing the ruling classes in order to subdue the general population, a technique used by other cultures as well. Survivors of the upper classes wrote the histories and expressed resentment of Mongol brutality toward them. Weatherford explores the Mongol treatment of the general population (peasants, tradesmen, merchants) under Mongol rule. He suggests their rule was less burdensome than that of European nobility due to lighter taxes, tolerance of local customs and religions, more rational administration, and universal education for boys.

These benefits were enjoyed only by populations who surrendered immediately to the Mongol invaders. Those populations that resisted could be massacred as a warning to other towns/cities. These massacres were a method of [[psychological warfare]] to alert those populations not yet conquered. The resulting terror helped color the historical portrayal of the Mongols.

Since the Mongols were nomadic horsemen of the steppes, they were dependent on taxes from the subjugated peoples for wealth and luxury goods. Weatherford's book claims that the Mongols sought to increase that wealth by encouraging their subjects to be more productive and enterprising instead of increasing the tax burden on them. They did this by sponsoring lucrative international trade. He says that they encouraged scientific advances, and improved agriculture and production methods. Many innovations came from the combination of technologies from different cultures within their huge empire.