Revision 1177269 of "सेफ्टी" on mrwiki

{{भाषांतर}}  {{pp-semi-vandalism|small=yes}}
{{otheruses}}

[[Image:Snake warning sign.jpg|right|thumb|250px|[[Warning sign]]s, such as this one, can improve safety awareness.]]

अपयशाचे परिणाम, नुकसान, [[त्रूटी]], [[अपघात]]s, [[दुखापत]] किंवा अशा कोणत्याही अनीष्ट घटनेपासून शारिरीक,सामाजिक,आध्यात्मिक,आर्थीक ,राजकीय,भावनिक,व्यावसायिक,मानसिक,शैक्षणिक किंवा इतर संबधीत क्षेत्रातील बाबतीत सुरक्षीत असण्याची स्थिती म्हणजे '''सेफ्टी''' होय.आरोग्य किंवा भावनिक नुक्सान होऊ शकणार्^या घटना किंवा स्थितीशी सामना करण्यापासून सुरक्षीत ठेवण्यासही सेफ्टी असे म्हणतात.  यात लोकांच्या किंवा त्यांच्या मालमत्तेच्या सुरक्षेचाही
आंतरभाव होतो. 

==अर्थछटा==
सेफ्टी शब्दाच्या अजूनही दोन अर्थछ्टा आहेत.ऊदाहरणार्थ,घराची  सुरक्षितता म्हणजे इमारतीची बाह्य आपत्तींपासून सुरक्षा करण्याची क्षमता.(जसे हवामान,अतीक्रमण इत्यादी.) किंवा घराच्या आतील  उपकरणे घरातील रहिवास्यांकरिता सुरक्षीत आहेत यार्थीही वापरला जातो.
   
There also are two slightly different meanings of ''safety''. For example, ''home safety'' may indicate a building's ability to protect against external harm events (such as weather, home invasion, etc), or may indicate that its internal installations (such as appliances, stairs, etc) are safe (not dangerous or harmful) for its habitants.

==मर्यादा==
Safety can be limited in relation to some [[guarantee]] or a standard of [[insurance]] to the quality and unharmful function of an object or organization. It is used in order to ensure that the object or organization will do only what it is meant to do.

It's important to realize that safety is relative. Eliminating all [[risk]], if even possible, would be extremely difficult and very expensive. A safe situation is one where risks of injury or property damage are low and manageable.

==सेफ्टीचे प्रकार==
It is important to distinguish between products that meet standards, that are safe, and those that merely feel safe. The highway safety community uses these terms:

===Normative safety{{मराठी शब्द सुचवा}} ===
''Normative safety'' is a term used to describe products or designs that meet applicable design standards. 

===Substantive safety {{मराठी शब्द सुचवा}} ===
''Substantive'', or objective safety means that the real-world safety history is favorable, whether or not standards are met.

===Perceived safety{{मराठी शब्द सुचवा}} ===
''Perceived'', or subjective safety refers to the level of comfort of users. For example, [[traffic light|traffic signals]] are perceived as safe, yet under some circumstances, they can increase [[car accident|traffic crashes]] at an intersection. Traffic [[roundabout]]s have a generally favorable safety record, yet often make drivers nervous.

== Risks आणि responses प्रतिसाद/प्रतिक्रीया ==
Safety is generally interpreted as implying a real and significant impact on risk of death, injury or damage to property.  In response to perceived risks many interventions may be proposed with engineering responses and regulation being two of the most common.

Probably the most common individual response to perceived safety issues is insurance, which compensates for or provides restitution in the case of damage or loss.

== System safety आणि reliability engineering विश्वासार्हता अभियांत्रीकी{{मराठी शब्द सुचवा}} ==
[[System safety]] and [[reliability engineering]] is an engineering discipline. Continuous changes in technology, environmental regulation and public safety concerns make the analysis of complex [[safety-critical]] systems more and more demanding.

A common fallacy, for example among electrical engineers regarding structure power systems, is that safety issues can be readily deduced. In fact, safety issues have been discovered one by one, over more than a century in the case mentioned, in the work of many thousands of practitioners, and cannot be deduced by a single individual over a few decades. A knowledge of the literature, the standards and custom in a field is a critical part of safety engineering. A combination of theory and track record of practices is involved, and track record indicates some of the areas of theory that are relevant. (In the USA, persons with a state license in Professional Engineering in Electrical Engineering are expected to be competent in this regard, the foregoing notwithstanding, but most electrical engineers have no need of the license for their work.)

Safety is often seen as one of a group of related disciplines: quality, reliability, availability, maintainability and safety. (Availability is sometimes not mentioned, on the principle that it is a simple function of reliability and maintainability.) These issues tend to determine the value of any work, and deficits in any of these areas are considered to result in a cost, beyond the cost of addressing the area in the first place; good management is then expected to minimize total cost.

== सेफ्टी मेजर्स ==
''Safety measures'' are activities and precautions taken to improve safety, i.e. reduce risk related to human health. Common safety measures include:
* '''[[Root cause analysis]]''' to identify causes of a system failure and correct deficiencies.
* '''Visual examination for dangerous situations''' such as emergency exits blocked because they are being used as storage areas.
* '''Visual examination for flaws''' such as cracks, peeling, loose connections.
* '''[[Chemical analysis]]'''
* '''X-ray analysis''' to see inside a sealed object such as a weld, a cement wall or an airplane outer skin.
* '''[[Destructive testing]]''' of samples
* '''[[Stress testing]]''' subjects a person or product to stresses in excess of those the person or product is designed to handle, to determining the "breaking point".
* '''Safety margins/Safety factors'''. For instance, a product rated to never be required to handle more than 200 pounds might be designed to fail under at least 400 pounds, a safety factor of two. Higher numbers are used in more sensitive applications such as medical or transit safety.
* Implementation of '''standard protocols and procedures''' so that activities are conducted in a known way.
* '''[[Training]]''' of employees, vendors, product users
* '''[[Instruction manual]]s''' explaining how to use a product or perform an activity
* '''Instructional videos''' demonstrating proper use of products
* '''Examination of activities by specialists''' to minimize physical stress or increase productivity
* '''[[Government regulation]]''' so suppliers know what standards their product is expected to meet.
* '''[[regulation|Industry regulation]]''' so suppliers know what level of quality is expected. Industry regulation is often imposed to avoid potential government regulation.
* '''Self-imposed regulation''' of various types.
* '''Statements of Ethics''' by industry organizations or an individual company so its employees know what is expected of them.
* '''[[Drug test]]ing''' of employees, etc.
* '''[[Physical examination]]s''' to determine whether a person has a physical condition that would create a problem.
* '''Periodic evaluations''' of employees, departments, etc.
* '''Geological surveys''' to determine whether land or water sources are polluted, how firm the ground is at a potential building site, etc.

== प्रमाणीकरण संस्था==
A number of '''standards organizations''' exist that promulgate safety standards. These may be voluntary organizations or government agencies.

=== United States===
====American National Standards Institute ====
A major American [[standards organization]] is the [[American National Standards Institute]] (ANSI). Usually, members of a particular industry will voluntarily form a committee to study safety issues and propose standards. Those standards are then recommended to ANSI, which reviews and adopts them. Many government regulations require that products sold or used must comply with a particular ANSI standard.

==== चाचणी प्रयोगशाळा ====
Product safety testing, for the United States, is largely controlled by the Consumer Product Safety Commission. In addition, workplace related products come under the jurisdiction of the Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA), which certifies independent testing companies as Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratories (NRTL), see [http://www.osha.gov/dts/otpca/nrtl].

====शासकीय एजन्सिज ====
Many government agencies set safety standards for matters under their jurisdiction, such as:
* the [[Food and Drug Administration]]
* the [[United States Consumer Product Safety Commission|Consumer Product Safety Commission]]
* the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency]]

=== इतर देश===
====प्रमाणीकरण संस्था====
* [[British Standards Institution]]
* [[Canadian Standards Association]]
* [[Deutsches Institut für Normung]]
* [[International Organization for Standardization]]

====चाचणी प्रयोगशाळा====
Many countries have national organizations that have accreditation to test and/or submit test reports for safety certification. These are typically referred to as a Notified or Competent Body. The most common is the IECEE Certification Body Scheme, see [http://www.iecee.org/CBSCHEME/html/cbcntris.htm]

== हेसुद्धा पहा ==
<div style="-moz-column-count:3; column-count:3;">
* [[अपघात]]
* [[विमान]]
** [[विमान सुरक्षा]]
** [[हवाई अपघात आणि घटना]]
** [[विमान दुर्घट्नाम्ची यादी]]
* [[Aisle#Safety and regulatory considerations|Aisles: Safety and regulatory considerations]]
* [[Arc Flash]]
* [[ऑस्ट्रेलियातील सेफ्टी]]
* [[स्वयंचलीत वाहने]]
** [[कार अपघात]]
** [[स्वयंचलीत वाहन सुरक्षा]]
** [[Road-traffic safety|Traffic safety]] {{मराठी शब्द सुचवा}}
* [[सायकल]]
** [[सायकल सेफ्टी]]
* [[नौका]]
** [[नौकानयन सेफ्टी]]
* [[मुल]]
** [[मुल सुरक्षा आसन]]
** [[खेळणी सुरक्षा]]
** [[वीष नियंत्रण]]
** [[:en:Safe Kids USA]] {{मराठी शब्द सुचवा}}
* [[Product recall|ग्राहक वस्तु सुरक्षा]] {{मराठी शब्द सुचवा}}
* [[द्वार सुरक्षा]]
* [[वीद्यूत सुरक्षा]]
* [[उत्स्पोटक सुरक्षा]] (Explosives safety)
* [[अग्नी सुरक्षा]]
* [[बंदुक सुरक्षा]]
* [[रेल्वे अपघातांची यादी]]
* [[आण्वीक अपघातांची यादी]]
* [[मोटरसायकल सेफ्टी]]
* [[रूग्ण सुरक्षा]]
* [[पादचारी सुरक्षा]]
* [[खासगी सुरक्षा]]
* [[जोखिम व्यवस्थापन]]
* [[पथ सुरक्षा]]
* [[दर्यावरर्दी नौका अपघात]]
* [[सुरक्षा अभियांत्रिकी]]
** [[fail-safe]]{{मराठी शब्द सुचवा}}
** [[fail-secure]]{{मराठी शब्द सुचवा}}
** [[Poka-yoke]]{{मराठी शब्द सुचवा}}
** [[संगणकप्रणाली सुरक्षा]]
* [[सेफ्टी निवेदन]]
* [[सुरक्षा]]
* [[Seismic performance]]{{मराठी शब्द सुचवा}}
* [[क्रिडा दुखापत]] सुरक्षा
* [[कामाचे टिकाण सुरक्षा]]
** [[Criticality accident]]{{मराठी शब्द सुचवा}}
** [[Material safety data sheet]] {{मराठी शब्द सुचवा}}
** [[Occupational health and safety]] Occupational
** [[सुरक्षा वस्त्रे]]
** [[कार्य अपघात]]
</div>

{{तंत्रज्ञान}}

==वबाह्य दुवे==
* [http://www.worksafebc.com/ WorkSafeBC]
* [http://www.wcb.ab.ca/workingsafely/ Worker Compensation Board Alberta]
* [http://www.asse.org/ American Society of Safety Engineers]
* [http://www.safetydirectory.com.au Safety Australia]
* [http://signs.gkcd.com Library of free printable safety signs for commercial or domestic use]
* [http://easa.europa.eu/essi/ European Strategic Safety Initiative]

== लेखात प्रयुक्त संज्ञा ==
===शब्दाचा विशेष संदर्भ/अर्थ छटा===

{| class="wikitable" 
|- 
|प्रयूक्त शब्द || विशेष संदर्भ/अर्थ छटा
|- 
| 3 || 4
|}

==इंग्रजी मराठी <!--विकि--> संज्ञा==

{| class="wikitable" 
|- 
| इंग्रजी || मराठी
|- 
| इंग्रजी || मराठी
|- 
| इंग्रजी || मराठी
|- 
| इंग्रजी || मराठी
|- 
| इंग्रजी || मराठी
|- 
| इंग्रजी || मराठी
|}

[[वर्ग:सुरक्षा| ]]

[[ar:أمن]]
[[el:Ασφάλεια]]
[[en:safety]]
[[fr:Sécurité]]
[[he:בטיחות]]
[[ja:安全性]]
[[sv:Säkerhet]]