Difference between revisions 2365144 and 2418337 on mswiki

{{terjemah|en|Criticism of Islam}}
{{NPOV}}
{{Islam}}
:''Perdebatan kritikal terhadap [[kritikan terhadap agama|agama]] secara umumnya, atau khususnya pada monoteisme, seperti [[kewujudan Tuhan]], tidak dibincangkan di sini. Laman ini menjelaskan kritikan khusus terhadap Islam sahaja, melihat pada sama ada [[pensejarahan Islam awal|sifat sejarahnya]] atau pada kepercayaannya dan amalannya.''
{{For|kritikan terhadap politik Islam|kritikan terhadap Islamisme}}

(contracted; show full)
*'''[[Daniel Pipes]]''', seorang ahli sejarah dan penganalsis Amerika Syarikat yang mengkhususkan [[Timur Tengah]]. Beliau penulis atau penulis bersama kepada 18 buah buku, mengendalikan blog, dan memberikan syarahan di seluruh dunia tentang analisisnya terhadap arah aliran dunia.
*'''[[Bat Ye'or]]''' 
an [[Egypt]]ian-born [[United Kingdom|British]] [[historian]] <ref>Jula Duin ("Washington Times," October 30, 2002 State of 'dhimmitude' seen as threat to Christians, Jews ''Egyptian-born historian Bat Ye'or and her husband, David Littman, have been making the rounds of several campuses this month to lecture on "dhimmitude," a word she coined to describe the status of Christians and Jews under Islamic governments.''</ref> and [[scholar]] <ref>[[Daniel Pipes]] Miniatures : Views of the Islamic and Middle Eastern Politics pg 114 ''The scholar Bat Ye'or explains for non-Muslims that this has meant through history "war, dispossession, dhimmitude, slavery, and death." ''</ref> specialising in the history of non-Muslims in the [[Middle East]], and in particular the history of [[Christian]] and [[Jewish]] [[dhimmis]] living under Islamic governments.<ref name=Griffiths>Griffith, Sidney H. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0020-7438(199811)30%3A4%3C619%3ATDOECU%3E2.0.CO%3B2-N "''The Decline of Eastern Christianity under Islam: From Jihad to Dhimmitude, Seventh-Twentieth Century'' by Bat Yeor, Miriam Kochan, David Littman"], ''International Journal of Middle East Studies'', Vol. 30, No. 4, November 1998, pp. 619-621</ref> 
*'''[[V. S. Naipaul]]''', a [[Nobel prize]] winning, [[Trinidad]]ian-born [[United Kingdom|British]] novelist of [[Hindu]] heritage, who has sowed controversy with his criticism of Islam. He claims it has had a "calamitous effect on converted peoples", destroying their ancestral culture and history.<ref>{{cite news | last=Gibbons | first=Fiachra | title=	
VS Naipaul launches attack on Islam  |date=2001-10-04 | publisher=The Guardian | url=http://books.guardian.co.uk/news/articles/0,,563203,00.html}}</ref>
*'''[[Brigitte Gabriel]]''', founder of [[American Congress For Truth]] and author of ''[[Because They Hate]]''.
*'''[[Oriana Fallaci]]''', an Italian journalist and novelist who has written three short books after the events of September the 11th advancing the argument that the "Western world is in danger of being engulfed by radical Islam". Two of them, [[The Rage and The Pride]] and [[The Force of Reason]] have been translated into English by Fallaci.<ref>{{cite news | title=	
THE AGITATOR: Oriana Fallaci directs her fury toward Islam.  |date=2005-05-29 | publisher=The Newyorker| url=http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/060605fa_fact}}</ref>
* Right-wing European and American politicians and commentators such as [[Tom Tancredo]], [[Nick Griffin]], [[Philippe de Villiers]], [[Geert Wilders]], [[Pia Kjærsgaard]], [[Susanne Winter]], [[Anne Coulter]], [[Michael Savage (commentator)|Michael Savage]], and [[Laura Schlessinger]]
* Bloggers including [[Hugh Fitzgerald]], [[Lawrence Auster]], [[Fjordman]]
Several scholars do not self-identify as critics of Islam but criticize some of its aspects: 
*'''[[Bernard Lewis]]''' holds that unbelievers, [[slave]]s, and women are considered fundamentally inferior to other groups of people under Islamic law. He does write that even the equality of free adult male Muslims represented a very considerable advance on the practice of both the Greco-[[Ancient Rome|Roman]] and the ancient [[Iran]]ian world.<ref>Bernard Lewis, ''What Went Wrong?'', p. 67, 2003, Harper Perennial, ISBN 0-06-051605-4</ref><ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite news | last=Lewis | first=Bernard | title=Islamic Revolution | date=1998-01-21 | publisher=The New York Review of Books | url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/4557}}</ref>
*'''[[Patricia Crone]]''', is a [[scholar]], [[author]] and [[Historiography of early Islam|historian]] of early Islamic history working at the [[List of faculty members at the Institute for Advanced Study|Institute for Advanced Study]].  She co-authored the controversial ''[[Hagarism: The Making of the Islamic World]]'', a book that researched the early history of Islam, coming to conclusions at variance with the traditional view.
*'''[[Geert Wilders]]''', a [[Netherlands|Dutch]] politician that wants to ban the Koran in [[the Netherlands]], because he believes it conflicts with the Dutch laws and calls for violence in generalseorang [[sejarawan]] dan [[sarjana]] <ref>[[Daniel Pipes]] Miniatures : Views of the Islamic and Middle Eastern Politics pg 114 ''Sarjana Bat Ye'or menjelaskan bagi para umat bukan Islam yang ini bermakna melalui sejarah "perang, perampasan, kedhimmian, perhambaan, dan kematian." ''</ref> [[United Kingdom|British]] kelahiran [[Mesir]] <ref>Jula Duin ("Washington Times," October 30, 2002 State of 'dhimmitude' seen as threat to Christians, Jews ''Egyptian-born historian Bat Ye'or and her husband, David Littman, have been making the rounds of several campuses this month to lecture on "dhimmitude," a word she coined to describe the status of Christians and Jews under Islamic governments.''</ref>  yang pakar dalam sejarah bukan Islam dalam [Timur Tengah]], dan khususnya sejarah [[Kristian]] dan [[Yahudi]] [[golongan dhimmis]] hidup di bawah kerajaan Islam.<ref name=Griffiths>Griffith, Sidney H. [http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0020-7438(199811)30%3A4%3C619%3ATDOECU%3E2.0.CO%3B2-N "''The Decline of Eastern Christianity under Islam: From Jihad to Dhimmitude, Seventh-Twentieth Century'' by Bat Yeor, Miriam Kochan, David Littman"], ''International Journal of Middle East Studies'', Vol. 30, No. 4, November 1998, pp. 619-621</ref> 
*'''[[V. S. Naipaul]]''', seorang pemenang [[hadiah Nobel]] novelis [[United Kingdom|British]] beragama [[Hindu]] kelahiran [[Trinidad]], yang telah menaburkan kontroversi dengan kritikannya terhadap Islam. Beliau mendakwa ia mempunyai "kesan sangat membahayakan orang yang mengubah agama", memusnahkan budaya dan sejarah nenek moyang mereka.<ref>{{cite news | last=Gibbons | first=Fiachra | title=	
VS Naipaul launches attack on Islam  |date=2001-10-04 | publisher=The Guardian | url=http://books.guardian.co.uk/news/articles/0,,563203,00.html}}</ref>
*'''[[Brigitte Gabriel]]''', pengasas [[American Congress For Truth]] dan pengarang ''[[Because They Hate]]''.
*'''[[Oriana Fallaci]]''', seorang wartawan Itali dan novelis yang telah menulis tiga buah buku pendek selepas peristiwa September 11 memajukan hujah bahawa "dunia Barat adalah dalam bahaya yang diselubungi oleh radikal Islam". Dua daripada mereka, [[The Rage and The Pride]] dan [[The Force of Reason]] telah diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa Inggeris oleh Fallaci.<ref>{{cite news | title=	
THE AGITATOR: Oriana Fallaci directs her fury toward Islam.  |date=2005-05-29 | publisher=The Newyorker| url=http://www.newyorker.com/fact/content/articles/060605fa_fact}}</ref>
* Ahli politik sayap kanan dan pengulas Eropah dan Amerika seperti [[Tom Tancredo]], [[Nick Griffin]], [[Philippe de Villiers]], [[Geert Wilders]], [[Pia Kjærsgaard]], [[Susanne Winter]], [[Anne Coulter]], [[Michael Savage (commentator)|Michael Savage]], dan [[Laura Schlessinger]]
* Pemblog termasuk [[Hugh Fitzgerald]], [[Lawrence Auster]], [[Fjordman]]
Beberapa ulama tidak diri mengenal pasti sebagai pengkritik Islam tetapi mengkritik beberapa aspek:
*'''[[Bernard Lewis]]''' memegang bahawa orang-orang kafir, [[hamba]], dan wanita dianggap asasnya lebih rendah kepada kumpulan-kumpulan lain orang di bawah undang-undang Islam. Dia tidak menulis bahawa walaupun kesaksamaan percuma Islam dewasa lelaki mewakili pendahuluan yang sangat besar ke atas amalan kedua-dua dunia Greco-[[Rom Purba|Rom]] dan [[Iran]] purba.<ref>Bernard Lewis, ''What Went Wrong?'', p. 67, 2003, Harper Perennial, ISBN 0-06-051605-4</ref><ref name=autogenerated1>{{cite news | last=Lewis | first=Bernard | title=Islamic Revolution | date=1998-01-21 | publisher=The New York Review of Books | url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/4557}}</ref>
*'''[[Patricia Crone]]''', adalah [[ulama]], [[pengarang]] dan [[Kesejarahan Islam awal|sejarawan]] sejarah Islam awal yang bekerja di [[Senarai ahli fakulti di Institut Kajian Lanjutan | Institut Kajian Lanjutan]]. Beliau bersama-mengarang kontroversi'' [[Hagarism: Membuat Dunia Islam]]'', sebuah buku yang mengkaji sejarah awal Islam, datang ke kesimpulan bertentangan dengan pandangan tradisional.
*'''[[Geert Wilders]]''', seorang ahli politik [[Belanda]] yang mahu mengharamkan al=Quran di [[Belanda]], kerana dia mempercayai ia bercanggah dengan undang-undang Belanda dan menyaut keganasan pada umumnya.

====Ateis====
*'''[[Michel Onfray]]''', seorang ahli falsafah Perancis dan penyokong setia [[ateisme]]. Onfray menyerang Islam bersama-sama dengan [[monoteistik]] agama, bercakap tentang "''" fasisme Islam "yang telah meningkat dengan [[Islam Revolusi]] di Iran dan menganggap ajaran Islam" "struktur kuno"''. Bagaimanapun, beliau berpendapat budaya consumerist Barat akan cacat juga.<ref>[[Michel Onfray]]: ''Ath(contracted; show full)[[hi:इस्लाम की आलोचना]]
[[it:Antislamismo]]
[[nl:Kritiek op de islam]]
[[ps:پر اسلام نيوکه]]
[[ro:Critici aduse Islamului]]
[[ru:Критика ислама]]
[[fi:Islamin kritiikki]]
[[ur:انتقاد بر اسلام]]