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{{about|sejarah sains dalam tamadun Islam di antara abad ke-8 dan ke-16|maklumat pada sains dalam konteks Islam|Islam dan sains}}
{{History of science sidebar}}

(contracted; show full)ping perekaan [[picagari]] [[Suntikan (perubatan)]] oleh Ammar ibn Ali al-Mawsili di [[Iraq} dalam abad kesembilan, [[farmasi]] di [[Baghdad]] (754 M), perbezaan antara perubatan dengan farmasi pada kurun ke-12, dan penemuan sekurang-kurangnya 2,000 bahan perubatan dan kimia.<ref>S. Hadzovic (1997). "Pharmacy and the great contribution of Arab-Islamic science to its development", ''Medicinski Arhiv'' '''51''' (1-2), p. 47-50.</ref>

[[
Avicenna]], who was a pioneer ofIbnu Sina]] yang merupakan perintis [[experimental medicineubatan ujikaji]] dand was also an influ juga merupakan seorang pemikir dan centdial thinker and medical scholarkawan perubatan yang berpengaruh,<ref name=Sarton/> wrote ''[[The Cmenulis ''[[Kanoun of MedicinePeubatan]]'' (1025) dand ''[[The Book of Healing]]'' (1027), which remained standard textbooks in both Muslim and EuropeanKitab Penyembuhan]]'' (1027) yang kekal sebagai buku teks standard di [[Uuniversity|i]]-universities]] until at least the 17th century. Avicenna's contributions include the introduction of systematic [[experiment]]atio Islam dan Eropah sehingga kurun ke-17. Sumbangan-sumbangan Ibnu Sina termasuklah pengenalan peng[[ujikaji]]an dand [[quantification]] into the study of [[phypengkuantitian]] yang sistematik ke dalam kajian [[fisiologyi]],<ref>Katharine Park (March 1990). "''Avicenna in Renaissance Italy: The Canon and Medical Teaching in Italian Universities after 1500'' by Nancy G. Siraisi", ''The Journal of Modern History'' '''62''' (1), p. 169-170.</ref> the discovery of the contagious nature of [[infectious diseasepenemuan tabiat berjangkit [[penyakit berjangkit]]s, the introduction ofpengenalan [[qkuarantine]] to limit the spread of contagious diseases, the introduction of [[experimental medicineuntuk mengekang penyebaran penyakit berjangkit, pengenalan [[perubatan ujikaji]],<ref>{{citation|journal=European Review|year=2008|volume=16|pages=219–27|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|title=Islamic Pharmacology in the Middle Ages: Theories and Substances|first=Danielle|last=Jacquart|doi=10.1017/S1062798708000215}}</ref> [[evidence-based medicine]], [[clinical trial]]s,<ref>David W. Tschanz, MSPH, PhD (August 2003). "Arab Roots of European Medicine", ''Heart Views'' '''4''' (2).</ref>
[[randomized controlled trial]]s,<ref>Jonathan D. Eldredge (2003), "The Randomised Controlled Trial design: unrecognized opportunities for health sciences librarianship", ''Health Information and Libraries Journal'' '''20''', p. 34–44 [36].</ref><ref>Bernard S. Bloom, Aurelia Retbi, Sandrine Dahan, Egon Jonsson (2000), "Evaluation Of Randomized Controlled Trials On Complementary And Alternative Medicine", ''International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care'' '''16''' (1), p. 13–21 [19].</ref>
[[efficacy]] tests,<ref>D. Craig Brater and Walter J. Daly (2000), "Clinical pharmacology in the Middle Ages: Principles that presage the 21st century", ''Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics'' '''67''' (5), p. 447-450 [449].</ref><ref>Walter J. Daly and D. Craig Brater (2000), "Medieval contributions to the search for truth in clinical medicine", ''Perspectives in Biology and Medicine'' '''43''' (4), p. 530–540 [536], [[Johns Hopkins University Press]].</ref>
and [[clinical pharmacology]],<ref>D. Craig Brater and Walter J. Daly (2000), "Clinical pharmacology in the Middle Ages: Principles that presage the 21st century", ''Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics'' '''67''' (5), p. 447-450 [448].</ref>
the importance of dietetics and the influence of climate and environment on health,<ref>[http://www.unani.com/avicenna%20story%203.htm The Canon of Medicine], The American Institute of Unani Medicine, 2003.</ref> the distinction of [[mediastinitis]] from [[pleurisy]], the contagious nature of [[phthisis]] and [[tuberculosis]], the distribution of [[disease]]s by [[water]] and [[soil]], and the first careful descriptions of [[skin]] troubles, [[sexually transmitted disease]]s, [[perversion]]s, and [[Nervous system|nervous]] [[ailment]]s,<ref name=Sarton/> as well the use of [[ice]] to treat [[fever]]s, and the separation of [[medicine]] from [[pharmacology]], which was important to the development of the [[pharmaceutical sciencesperubatan berasaskan bukti]], [[percubaan klinikal]],<ref>David W. Tschanz, MSPH, PhD (August 2003). "Arab Roots of European Medicine", ''Heart Views'' '''4''' (2).</ref> [[percubaan terkawal rawak]],<ref>Jonathan D. Eldredge (2003), "The Randomised Controlled Trial design: unrecognized opportunities for health sciences librarianship", ''Health Information and Libraries Journal'' '''20''', p. 34–44 [36].</ref><ref>Bernard S. Bloom, Aurelia Retbi, Sandrine Dahan, Egon Jonsson (2000), "Evaluation Of Randomized Controlled Trials On Complementary And Alternative Medicine", ''International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care'' '''16''' (1), p. 13–21 [19].</ref> ujian-ujian [[kemujaraban]],<ref>D. Craig Brater and Walter J. Daly (2000), "Clinical pharmacology in the Middle Ages: Principles that presage the 21st century", ''Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics'' '''67''' (5), p. 447-450 [449].</ref><ref>Walter J. Daly and D. Craig Brater (2000), "Medieval contributions to the search for truth in clinical medicine", ''Perspectives in Biology and Medicine'' '''43''' (4), p. 530–540 [536], [[Johns Hopkins University Press]].</ref> dan [[farmakologi klinikal]],<ref>D. Craig Brater and Walter J. Daly (2000), "Clinical pharmacology in the Middle Ages: Principles that presage the 21st century", ''Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics'' '''67''' (5), p. 447-450 [448].</ref> kepentingan dietetik dan pengaruh iklim dan persekitaran terhadap kesihatan,<ref>[http://www.unani.com/avicenna%20story%203.htm The Canon of Medicine], The American Institute of Unani Medicine, 2003.</ref> pembezaan [[mediastinitis]] daripada [[pleurisi]], tabiat berjangkit [[ftisis]] dan [[batuk kering]], penyebaran [[penyakit]] menerusi [[air]] dan [[tanah]], dan gambaran teliti pertama masalah-masalah [[kulit]], [[penyakit bawaan seks]], [[sumbaleweng]], dan [[penyakit]] [[saraf]],<ref name=Sarton/> dan juga penggunaan [[ais]] untuk merawat [[demam]], dan pemisahan [[perubatan]] daripada [[farmakologi]] yang penting bagi perkembangan [[sains farmatikal]].<ref name=Saad/>
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== Formal sciences ==

=== Logic ===
{{Main|Logic in Islamic philosophy}}
(contracted; show full)
*[http://www.smi.uib.no/paj/Stenberg.html The Islamization of science or the marginalization of Islam]
*[http://www.muslimheritage.com/ Muslimheritage]
*[http://www.1001inventions.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=main.viewSection&intSectionID=309 1001inventions]
*[http://www.science-islam.net/sommaire.php3?lang=en Science and religion in Islam]
*Keith L. Moore, {{YouTube|id=Rb0uZefwQnc|title=The Developing Human}}

[[Kategori:Sains Islam]]
[[Kategori:Zaman Kegemilangan Islam]]