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{{about|sejarah sains dalam tamadun Islam di antara abad ke-8 dan ke-16|maklumat pada sains dalam konteks Islam|Islam dan sains}}
{{History of science sidebar}}

(contracted; show full)tama terhadap [[geometri Euclid]] dan [[postulat selari]] oleh [[Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī]], cubaan pertama pada [[geometri bukan Euclid]] oleh Sadr al-Din, perkembangan [[notasi matematik|algebra simbolik]] oleh [[Abū al-Hasan ibn Alī al-Qalasādī]],<ref>{{MacTutor Biography|id=Al-Qalasadi|title=Abu'l Hasan ibn Ali al Qalasadi}}</ref> dan banyak lagi kemajuan lain dalam algebra, [[aritmetik]], [[kalkulus]], [[pemecahan tulisan rahsia]], [[geometri]], [[teori nombor]] dan [[trigonometri]].

== 
Natural sciencesSains Semula jadi ==
=== Astrologyi ===
{{Main|Islamic astrology}}

Islamic astrology, in [[Arabic language|Astrologi Islam}}

Astrologi Islam, dalam [[bahasa Arabic]] ''ilm al-nujum'' is the study of the heavens by early [[Muslim]]s. In early Arabic sources, ''ilm al-nujum'' was used to refer to bothalah kajian tentang langit oleh [[Muslim]] terawal. Di dalam sumber-sumber berbahasa Arab terawal, ''ilm al-nujum'' digunakan untuk merujuk kepada [[astronomyi]] dand [[astrologyi]]. In [[medieval]] sources, however, a clear distinction was made between ''ilm al-nujum'' (science of the stars) or ''ilm al-falak'' (science of the celestial orbs), referring toBagaimana pun, di dalam sumber-sumber [[Zaman Pertengahan]], perbezaan yang jelas diletakkan antara ''ilm al-nujum'' (ilmu bintang) atau ''ilm al-falak'' (ilmu bebola cakerawala) yang merujuk pada astrologyi, dand  '' ilm al-haya'' (science of the figure of the heavens), referring toilmu lembaga cakerawala) yang merujuk pada astronomyi. Both fields were rooted in [[Greece|Greek]], [[Persian Empire|Persian]], Kedua-dua bidang itu berakar umbi pada tradisi-tradisi [[Yunani]], [[Parsi]] dand [[Indian subcontinent|Indian]] traditions. Despite consistent critiques of astrology by scientist]]. Di sebalik kritikan berterusan terhadap astrologi oleh ahli sains dand religious scholars, astrological prognostications required a fair amount of exact scientific knowledge and thus gave partial incentive for the study and development of astronomy.

The first [[semantic]] distinction between astronomy and [[astrology]] was given by [[al-Biruni]] in the 11th century, though he himself refuted the study of astrology.<ref name = "Isis-55">S. Pines (September 1964). "The Semantic Distinction between the Terms Astronomy and Astrology according to al-Biruni", ''Isis'' '''55''' (3), p. 343-349.</ref> The study of astrology was also refuted by other Muslim astronomers at the time, including [[al-Farabi]], [[Ibn al-Haytham]], [[Avicenna]] and [[Averroes]]. Their reasons for refuting astrology were both due to the methods used by astrologers being [[conjectural]] rather than [[empirical]] and also due to the views of astrologers conflicting with orthodox [[Islam]] ulama, ramalan astrologi memerlukan pengetahuan saintifik tepat yang agak banyak dan oleh itu memberikan galakan separa bagi kajian dan perkembangan astronomi. 

Perbezaan [[semantik]] pertama antara astronomi dan astrologi diberi oleh [[al-Biruni]] pada kurun ke-11, meskipun beliau sendiri menyangkal kajian astrologi.<ref name = "Isis-55">S. Pines (September 1964). "The Semantic Distinction between the Terms Astronomy and Astrology according to al-Biruni", ''Isis'' '''55''' (3), p. 343-349.</ref> Kajian astrologi juga disangkal oleh ahli astronomi Muslim lain pada masa itu termasuklah [[al-Farabi]], [[Ibn al-Haitham]], [[Ibnu Sina]] dan [[Ibnu Rusyd]]. Sebab mereka menyangkal astrologi adalah disebabkan kaedah yang digunakan ahli astrologi lebih kepada [[tekaan]] berbanding [[empirik]] dan juga disebabkan pandangan ahli astrologi bercanggah dengan ajaran [[Islam]] yang ortodoks.<ref>{{Harv|Saliba|1994|pp=60 & 67-69}}</ref>

=== Ilmu falak ===
{{Main|Ilmu falak Islam}}
{{see also|Balai cerap Maragheh|Balai cerap Istanbul al-Din|Senarai ahli falak Islam|Senarai nama bintang Arab}}
[[Fail:Al-Tusi Nasir.jpeg|thumb|right|150px|[[Nasir al-Din Tusi]] adalah seorang [[polymath]] yang menyelesaikan masalah penting pada [[Model geocentric|sistem Ptolemaik]] dengan [[Tusi-couple]], yang memainkan suatu pernan penting pada [[Copernican heliocentrism]].]]

(contracted; show full)
*[http://www.smi.uib.no/paj/Stenberg.html The Islamization of science or the marginalization of Islam]
*[http://www.muslimheritage.com/ Muslimheritage]
*[http://www.1001inventions.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=main.viewSection&intSectionID=309 1001inventions]
*[http://www.science-islam.net/sommaire.php3?lang=en Science and religion in Islam]
*Keith L. Moore, {{YouTube|id=Rb0uZefwQnc|title=The Developing Human}}

[[Kategori:Sains Islam]]
[[Kategori:Zaman Kegemilangan Islam]]