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{{terjemah|en|Cardiff}}
{{kegunaanlain}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name=City and County of Cardiff 
|native_name=Dinas a Sir Caerdydd
|nickname=
|motto=Y ddraig goch ddyry cychwyn<br />''(Naga merah akan menunjuk jalan)''
|image_skyline=Cardiff Montage.png
(contracted; show full)]] dan kompleks seni [[Wales Millennium Centre]]. [[Pusat bandar Cardiff]] kini dalam pembangunan semula besar. Pusat sukan antarabangsa di bandar ini termasuk [[Stadium Millennium]] ([[ragbi]] dan [[bola sepak]]), [[Stadium SWALEC]] ([[kriket]]) dan [[Stadium Cardiff City]] yang baru dibuka. Bandar ini dianugerahkan ''European City Of Sport in 2009'' kerana peranannya dalam menjadi tuan rumah acara sukan antarabangsa utama.

== Etimologi ==
[[Fail:Cardiff Castle (Roman wall).jpg|thumb|
leftkanan|The front wall of [[Cardiff Castle]], showing part of the original Roman fort from which the city derived its name.]]

''Caerdydd'' ( [[Welsh bahasa|Welsh]] nama bandar), dan   [[Anglicisation|Inggeris-an]] borang Cardiff, berasal dari   [[Sub-Rom Britain|post-Roman]]   [[Brythonicbahasa|Brythonic]] perkataan yang bermaksud "kubu pada   [[Sungai Taff|Taff]]".   [[Cardiff Roman Fort|kubu]] merujuk kepada yang ditubuhkan oleh   [[Roman Britain|Roma]]. "Dydd" atau "Diff" kedua-dua pengubahsuaian "Taff", sungai di mana [[Istana Cardiff]] berdiri, dengan ''T'' [[lenition|bermutasi]] untuk ''D'' di Welsh. Menurut Profesor Hywel Wyn Owen, pihak berkuasa utama moden pada [[ilmu nama tempat]], sebutan Wales "Caerdyff" sebagai "Caerdydd" menunjukkan sehari-hari   [[silih (linguistik)|silih]]''Welsh "-f" ''dan''"dd "''.< ref nama = hwo> Hywel Wyn Owen,''Tempat-nama Wales'', 1998, ISBN 0-7083-1458-9 </ref>

(contracted; show full)ardiff Majlis Daerah | accessdate = 2008/10/01 | format = PDF}} </ref> yang merupakan sempadan semulajadi Cardiff dan Vale of Glamorgan. Landskap Triassic bahagian dunia ini biasanya cetek dan rendah yang akaun dan menerangkan kebosanan pusat Cardiff <ref> {{memetik jurnal |. Year = 2008 | tajuk = Perbincangan pada palaeoecology acara kepupusan Triassic Lewat di UK SW | jurnal = Journal of Persatuan Geologi | penerbit = Persatuan Geologi D.}} </ref> klasik Triassic [Marl]], [[pasir]] dan 
  [[konglomerat (geologi)|konglomerat]] batu-batu yang digunakan sebahagian besarnya di seluruh Cardiff sebagai bahan binaan. Banyak batu-batu Triassic ini mempunyai kulit yang ungu, terutama pantai [Marl]] dijumpai berhampiran Penarth. Salah satu batu-batu Triassic yang digunakan di Cardiff "Radyr Batu", a   [[biji (masonry)|biji]] yang kerana ia nama mencadangkan adalah quarried di daerah Radyr <ref> {{memetik web |. Url = http:/ / www.englishstone.org.uk / dokumen / dimensi% 20stone% 208.html | title = Triassic bangunan batu pasir sumber | accessdate = 2008/07/07}} </ref> Cardiff juga telah mengimport beberapa bahan-bahan untuk bangunan:   [[Devonian]] batu pasir ([[batu pasir Merah Lama]]) dari [[Brecon Beacons]] telah digunakan. Paling terkenal, bangunan [[Cathays Park]], pusat sivik di pusat bandar, yang dibina daripada [[Portland batu]] yang diimport dari Dorset <ref> {{memetik web | url = http: / / Walks www.swga.org.uk/pdf/CathaysPark.pdf|format=PDF|title=Geological di Wales: Cathays Park | publisher = Persatuan Geologi South Wales | accessdate = 2008/10/22}} </ref> bangunan batu yang digunakan secara meluas di Cardiff kuni(contracted; show full)e similar and the temperatures tend to stay above {{convert|14|°C|°F}}—also the average annual daytime temperature. Rain is unpredictable at any time of year, although the showers tend to be shorter in summer.<ref name="Airport guide">{{cite web|url=http://www.cardiff-cwl.airports-guides.com/cwl_climate.html|publisher=TravelSmart Ltd|year=2009|title=Weather at Cardiff Airport (CWL):Weather and Climate in Cardiff Area, Wales, U|accessdate=2009-07-01|work=Airports guides website}}</ref>
  

The northern part of the county, being higher and inland—e.g. [[Garth Hill|The Garth]] ({{lang-cy|Mynydd y Garth}}), about {{convert|7|mi|km}} north west of Cardiff city centre, ([[elevation]] {{convert|1007|ft|m|0}})—tends to be cooler and wetter than the city centre.{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}}<ref name="OS 171">{{cite map|publisher=Ordnance Survey|title=Landranger Map sheet 171|isbn=0-319-22771-5|cartography=Ordnance Survey|edition=2002 C1|section=ST083 990}}</ref>  

=== Suhu ===
Cardiff's maximum and minimum monthly temperatures average {{convert|21.3|°C|°F}} (August) and {{convert|2.1|°C|°F}} (January and February).<br />For Wales, the temperatures average {{convert|19.1|°C|°F}} (July) and {{convert|1.1|°C|°F}} (February).<ref name="Met Off 2">{{cite web|url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/sites/cardiff.html|publisher=Met Office|year=2009|title=Met Office: averages 1971-2000|accessdate=2009-06-29|work=Met Office website}}</ref><ref name="Met Off 3">{{cite web|url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/areal/wales.html|publisher=Met Office|year=2009|title=Met Office: averages 1971-2000|accessdate=2009-06-29|work=Met Office website}}</ref>

=== Jam sinar matahari ===
Cardiff has 1518&nbsp;hours of sunshine during an average year (Wales 1388.7&nbsp;hours). Cardiff is sunniest during July, with an average 203.4&nbsp;hours during the month (Wales 183.3&nbsp;hours), and least sunny during December with 44.6&nbsp;hours (Wales 38.5&nbsp;hours).<ref name="Met Off 2"/><ref name="Met Off 3"/>

=== Curah hujan ===
Cardiff experiences less rainfall than Wales as a whole.  

Rain falls in Cardiff on 146&nbsp;days during an average year, with total annual rainfall of {{convert|1111.7|mm|in}}. Monthly rainfall pattern shows that from September to January average monthly rainfall in Cardiff exceeded {{convert|100|mm|in}} each month, the wettest month being December with {{convert|128|mm|in}}. Cardiff's dryest months are from April to July, with average monthly rainfall fairly consistent, at between {{convert|60.5|mm|in}} and {{convert|65.9|mm|in}}.<ref name="Met Off 2"/><ref name="Met Off 3"/>

Rain falls in Wales on 165.5&nbsp;days during an average year, with total annual rainfall of {{convert|1435.9|mm|in}}. Monthly rainfall pattern shows that from September to January average monthly rainfall in Wales exceeded {{convert|120.0|mm|in}} each month, the wettest month being December with {{convert|173.3|mm|in}} Wales' dryest months are from April to July, with average monthly rainfall fairly consistent, at between {{convert|78.4|mm|in}} and {{convert|85.9|mm|in}}.<ref name="Met Off 2"/><ref name="Met Off 3"/>

== Ekonomi ==
{{Utama|Economy and industry of Cardiff}}
{{See also|List of tallest buildings in Cardiff}}

[[Fail:Pearl Assurance Building 2007.jpg|leftkanan|thumb|upright|[[Capital Tower, Cardiff]]]]
As the capital city of Wales, Cardiff is the main engine of growth in the Welsh economy. The economy of Cardiff and adjacent areas makes up nearly 20% of Welsh GDP and 40% of the city’s workforce are daily in-commuters from the surrounding south Wales area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/articles/economic_trends/Sub-regional_&_Local_Area_GDP.pdf|title=Sub-regional and local area gross domestic product|last=Clifton-Fearnside|first=Alex|coauthors=Adam Douglas|date=2002-05-14|publisher=Office of National Statistics|accessdate=2008-04-18|format=PDF|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20031222155013/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/articles/economic_trends/Sub-regional_&_Local_Area_GDP.pdf|archivedate=2003-12-22}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statswales.wales.gov.uk/TableViewer/document.aspx?ReportId=4903&IF_Language=isl|title=Statistics on Commuting in Wales|date=2007-12-05|publisher=Statistics for Wales|accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref>

[[Fail:JohnLewisCardiff.jpg|thumb|kiright|The new Cardiff John Lewis, the 2nd biggest John Lewis in the U.K. and the 2nd largest department store in the UK outside London.]]
[[Fail:Cardiff sk.jpg|thumb|kiright|[[List of tallest buildings in Cardiff|Cardiff Skyline]] in 2008]]
Industry has played a major part in Cardiff's development for many centuries. The main catalyst for its transformation from a small town into a big city was the demand for coal required in making iron and later steel, brought to the sea by [[packhorse]] from [[Merthyr Tydfil]]. This was first achieved by the construction of a {{convert|25|mi|km|sing=on}} long canal from Merthyr (510 feet above sea-level) to the Taff Estuary at Cardiff.(contracted; show full)%20of%20a%20Capital%202/A_Why.html|title=Why Did Cardiff Grow?|publisher=Glamorgan record Office|accessdate=2008-04-19}}</ref> After a period of decline, Cardiff's port has started to grow again – over 3 million tonnes of cargo passed through the docks in 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/7414502.stm|title=Ports' resurgence as imports grow|date=2008-05-22|publisher=BBC News Wales|accessdate=2008-05-28}}</ref>

[[Fail:Coal Exchange, Cardiff.jpg|thumb|
leftkanan|[[The Coal Exchange]]]]
Today, Cardiff is the principal [[finance]] and business [[service (economics)|services]] centre in [[Wales]], and as such there is a strong representation of finance and business services in the local economy. This sector, combined with the Public Administration, Education and Health sectors, have accounted for around 75% of Cardiff's economic growth since 1991.<ref name="employ">{{cite web|url=http://www.cardiff.gov.uk/objview.asp?Object_ID=3393&|title=Lab(contracted; show full)

Cardiff has several regeneration projects such the St David's 2 Centre and surrounding areas of the city centre, and the $1.4 billion [[Cardiff International Sports Village|International Sports Village]] in Cardiff Bay which will play a part in [[2012 Summer Olympics|London 2012 Olympics]]. It features the only [[Olympic-size swimming pool|Olympic-standard swimming pool]] in Wales, the [[Cardiff International Pool]], which opened on 12 January 2008.
  

According to the Welsh Rugby Union, the Millennium Stadium has contributed GBP1 bn to the Welsh economy in the ten years since it opened (1999), with around 85% of that amount staying in the Cardiff area.<ref name="WRU Mileniwm 1">{{cite web|title=WalesOnline - Business - Businness News - Stadium has boosted economy by £1bn in|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/business-in-wales/business-news/2009/06/24/stadium-has-boosted-economy-by-1bn-in-its-first-decade-91466-23959813/|accessdate=2009-06(contracted; show full)

== Lokasi dan tarikan ==
[[Fail:Millennium Stadium North.jpg|thumb|upright|Millennium Stadium]]
Cardiff has many landmark buildings such as the [[Millennium Stadium]], [[Pierhead Building]] and the [[National Assembly for Wales]]. However Cardiff is also famous for [[Cardiff Castle]], [[St David's Hall]], [[Llandaff Cathedral]] and the [[Wales Millennium Centre]].
  

[[Cardiff Castle]] is a major tourist attraction in the city and is situated in the heart of the city centre, near the main shopping area of Queen Street and St. Mary's Street. The [[St Fagans National History Museum|National History Museum at St Fagans]] in Cardiff is a large open air museum housing dozens of buildings from throughout Welsh history that have been moved to the site in Cardiff.  

The Civic Centre in [[Cathays Park]] comprises a collection of [[Edwardian architecture|Edwardian]] buildings such as the [[City Hall, Cardiff|City Hall]], [[National Museum Cardiff|National Museum and Gallery of Wales]], [[Cardiff Crown Court]], and buildings forming part of [[Cardiff University]], together with more modern civic buildings. These buildings surround a small green space containing the [[Welsh National War Memorial]] and a number of other smaller memorials.

[[Fail:Cardiff Bay.JPG|thumb|leftkanan|Modern-day [[Cardiff Bay]]]]
Other major tourist attractions are the [[Cardiff Bay]] regeneration sites which include the recently opened Wales Millennium Centre and the [[Senedd]], and many other cultural and sites of interest including the [[Cardiff Bay Barrage]] and the famous [[Coal Exchange]]. The [[New Theatre (Cardiff)|New Theatre]] was founded in 1906 and completely refurbished in the 1980s. Until the opening of the Wales Millennium Centre in 2004, it was the premier venue in Wales for touring theatre and dance companies. Other venues which are popular for concerts and sporting events include [[Cardiff International Arena]], [[St David's Hall]] and the [[Millennium Stadium]].

Cardiff has over 1,000 listed buildings, ranging from the more prominent buildings such as the castles, to smaller buildings, houses and structures.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20060927041924/http://www.cardiff.gov.uk/content.asp?Parent_Directory_id=2865&nav=2870,3139,3939,3972|title=Listed and Locally Listed Buildings|publisher=Cardiff County Council|accessdate=2008-05-28}}</ref>

Cardiff has walks of special interest for tourists and [[Walking|ramblers]] alike, such as the [[Cardiff Centenary Walk|Centenary Walk]], which runs for {{convert|2.3|mi|km|1}} within [[Cardiff city centre]]. This route passes through many of Cardiff's landmarks and historic buildings.  

=== Istana ===
In addition to [[Cardiff Castle]], [[Castell Coch]] ({{lang-en|Red Castle}}) is located in [[Tongwynlais]], in the [[Cardiff North|north]] of the city. The current castle is an elaborately decorated Victorian [[folly]] designed by [[William Burges (architect)|William Burges]] for the Marquess and built in the 1870s, as an occasional retreat. However, the Victorian castle stands on the footings of a much older medieval castle possibly built by [[Ifor Bach]], a regional baron with links to Ca(contracted; show full)cessdate=2007-12-12}}</ref> and US travel guide Frommers have listed Cardiff as one of 13 top destinations worldwide for 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frommers.com/trip_ideas/cultural_immersion/article.cfm?ideaID=CULTURE&articleID=4811&t=Frommer%27s%20Top%20Destinations%20for%202008|title=Frommer's Top Destinations for 2008|date=2007-12-04|accessdate=2007-12-12}}</ref>

=== Muzik dan seni persembahan ===
{{Utama|Music of Cardiff}}
[[Fail:CIA Cardiff Wales 001.jpg|thumb|
leftkanan|[[Cardiff International Arena|Cardiff International Arena—(CIA)]]]]
A large number of concerts are held within the city, the larger ones being performed in [[St David's Hall]], the [[Cardiff International Arena]] and occasionally the [[Millennium Stadium]]. A number of festivals are also held in Cardiff—the largest of these is the [[Cardiff big weekend|Cardiff Big Weekend]] Festival, which is held annually in the city centre during the summer and plays host to free musical performances (from artists such as [[Ash (band)|Ash]], [[Jimmy Cliff]], [[Cerys Matthews]], the [[Fun Loving Criminals]], [[Soul II Soul]] and [[The Magic Numbers]]), fairground rides and cultural events such as a Children's Festival that takes place in the grounds of [[Cardiff Castle]]. The annual festival claims to be the UK's largest free outdoor festival, attracting over 250,000 visitors in 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/music/sites/big_weekend/|title=BBC Wales - Big Weekend|accessdate=2008-02-23}}</ref>  

Cardiff hosted the [[National Eisteddfod]] in 1883, 1899, 1938, 1960, 1978 and 2008. Cardiff is unique in Wales in having two permanent [[stone circles]] used by the Gorsedd of [[Bards]] during Eisteddfodau. The original circle stands in Gorsedd Gardens in front of the [[National Museum]] while its 1978 replacement is situated in [[Bute Park]]. Since 1983, Cardiff has hosted the [[BBC Cardiff Singer of the World]] competition, a world renowned event on the opera calendar which is held every two years. The(contracted; show full)Town (Doctor Who)|Boom Town]]" and "[[Utopia (Doctor Who)|Utopia]]", the rift's recent activity is used to fuel the TARDIS, while in ''Torchwood'', the [[Torchwood Institute|eponymous secret agency]] is based under the paving. Parts of "[[Gavin and Stacey]]", "[[The Worst Witch (TV Series)|The Worst Witch]]", "[[Tracy Beaker]]", "[[Merlin (TV Series)|Merlin]]", and other popular television series are also filmed within Cardiff.
  

Cardiff was referenced by [[Tom Jones (singer)|Tom Jones]] in the [[Tim Burton]] film ''[[Mars Attacks!]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.script-o-rama.com/movie_scripts/m/mars-attacks-script-transcript-burton.html|title=Mars Attacks Script - Dialogue Transcript|accessdate=2008-06-04}}</ref> and was the setting for several scenes in the film ''[[Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moria.co.nz/index.php?option=com_con(contracted; show full)
* [http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.rss.html?pid=21373 View of Cardiff from Space]
* [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/catalogue.asp?gid=92 Cardiff Records]: the full text of the edition of historical records for Cardiff, edited by J. H. Matthews (1898-1905.) Part of British History Online.
* [http://www.cardiffworld.com/ Cardiff World Site]
* [http://www.cardiffians.co.uk/ Cardiff timeline etc. at Cardiffians.co.uk]
  
* [http://www.gtj.org.uk/item.php?lang=en&id=413&t=1 Aerial photograph of Cathays Park, Cardiff]

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{{Template group
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{{Cardiff}}
{{Cardiff electoral wards}}
{{Communities of Cardiff}}
{{Wales subdivisions}}
{{UK cities}}
{{LargestUKCities}}
{{List of British Territories capitals}}
{{Commonwealth Games Host Cities}}
}}

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