Difference between revisions 4754026 and 4754029 on mswiki

{{short description|Komponen utama sistem keadilan jenayah AS}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=Februari 2020}}
{{Penguatkuasaan undang-undang di Amerika Syarikat}}
{{Criminal law}}

(contracted; show full)media sosial dan telefon bimbit, kini mudah bagi orang untuk menyiarkan penggunaan polis mengenai insiden kekerasan yang mereka lihat. Trend bermula dengan Rodney King dan telah berkembang sejak itu. Dalam hal ini, teman wanita Castile hidup-menghidupkan kematiannya di Facebook. Video itu memperoleh kira-kira 3.2 juta pandangan pada hari berikutnya.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=2018|title=Police Brutality|url=|journal=Opposing Viewpoints Online Collection|volume=|pages=|via=}}</ref>

==
Entry qualifications==
===Requirements===
Nearly all U.S. states and the federal government have by law adopted minimum-standard standardized training requirements for all officers with powers of [[arrest]] within the state. Many standards apply to in-service [[training]] as well as [[Entry-level job|entry-level]] training, particularly in the use of [[Firearm|firearms]], with periodic re-certification required. These standards often comply with standards promoted by the [[United States Department of Justice|US Department of Justice]] and typically require a thorough [[background check]] that potential police recruits must take.

A typical set of criteria dictates that they must:<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sullivan|first1=Larry|title=Encyclopedia of law enforcement|date=2005|publisher=Sage|isbn=978-0761926498|page=702|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L145DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA702#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Suarez|first1=Jonathan|title=Police Officer Exam|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-0557036370|page=357|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CqhiAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA357#v=onepage&q&f=false}}{{self-published source|date=February 2020}}</ref>{{self-published inline|date=February 2020}}

* Be a [[United States nationality law|United States citizen]] (waived in certain agencies if the applicant is a lawful resident).
* Have a [[high school diploma]] or a [[General Educational Development|GED]] and if necessary a [[Academic degree|college degree]] or served in the [[United States Armed Forces|United States military]] without a [[Military discharge|dishonorable discharge]];
* Be in good medical, physical, and psychological condition;
* Maintain a clean [[criminal record]] without either serious or repeated [[misdemeanor]] or any [[felony]] convictions;
* Have a valid [[Driver's licenses in the United States|driver's license]] that is not currently or has a history of being suspended or revoked;
* Be of [[Good moral character|high moral character]];
* Not have a history of prior [[narcotic]] or repeated [[Cannabis (drug)|marijuana]] use or alcoholism;
* Not have a history of ethical, professional, prior employment, motor vehicle, educational, or financial improprieties;
* Not have a history of [[domestic violence]] or [[Mental disorder|mental illness]];
* Not pose a safety and security risk;
* Be legally eligible to own and carry a firearm.

Repeated interviews, written tests, medical examinations, physical fitness tests, comprehensive [[background check|background investigations]], [[fingerprint]]ing, [[drug test]]ing, a police oral board interview, a [[polygraph]] examination, and a consultation with a [[psychologist]] are common practices used to review the suitability of candidates. Recruiting in most departments is competitive, with more suitable and desirable candidates accepted over lesser ones, and failure to meet some minimum standards disqualifying a candidate entirely. Police oral boards are the most subjective part of the process and often disqualifies the biggest portion of qualified candidates.<ref>[http://www.lawenforcementts.com The Law Enforcement Oral Board Interview]</ref> Departments maintain records of past applicants under review, and refer to them in the case of either reapplication or requests between other agencies.

===Issues with recruitment===
{{Further|Gypsy copKelayakan kemasukan==
===Keperluan===
Hampir kesemua negara A.S. dan kerajaan persekutuan telah menggunakan undang-undang yang memenuhi piawaian minimum piawaian latihan piawai bagi semua pegawai yang mempunyai kuasa penangkapan di dalam negeri. Banyak piawai terpakai untuk latihan dalam perkhidmatan [[latihan]] serta latihan [[Pekerjaan tahap kemasukan|tahap kemasukan]], terutamanya dalam penggunaan [[senjata api]], dengan pensijilan semula berkala diperlukan. Piawaian-piawaian ini sering mematuhi piawaian yang dipromosikan oleh [[Jabatan Kehakiman Amerika Syarikat|Jabatan Kehakiman AS]] dan biasanya memerlukan [[pemeriksaan latar belakang] yang menyeluruh bahawa rekrut calon yang berpotensi harus diambil.

Set kriteria yang biasa menyatakan bahawa mereka mesti:<ref>{{cite book|last1=Sullivan|first1=Larry|title=Encyclopedia of law enforcement|date=2005|publisher=Sage|isbn=978-0761926498|page=702|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=L145DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA702#v=onepage&q&f=false}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Suarez|first1=Jonathan|title=Police Officer Exam|publisher=Lulu.com|isbn=978-0557036370|page=357|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CqhiAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA357#v=onepage&q&f=false}}{{self-published source|date=February 2020}}</ref>{{self-published inline|date=February 2020}}

* Menjadi [[Undang-undang kebangsaan Amerika Syarikat|warganegara Amerika Syarikat]] (dikecualikan di agensi tertentu jika pemohon adalah pemastautin yang sah).
* Mempunyai [[diploma sekolah tinggi]] atau [[Pembangunan Pendidikan Umum|GED]] dan jika diperlukan [[Sarjana akademik|sarjana kolej]] atau berkhidmat di [[Angkatan Bersenjata Amerika Syarikat | tentera Amerika Syarikat]] tanpa [[Pelepasan tentera melepaskan|pelepasan yang tidak baik]];
* Berada dalam keadaan perubatan, fizikal, dan psikologi yang baik;
* Mengekalkan catatan [[jenayah]] yang bersih tanpa sebarang kesilapan yang serius atau berulang [[misdemeanor]] atau sabitan [[kejahatan]];
* Mempunyai [[Lesen pemandu di Amerika Syarikat|lesen memandu]]  yang sah yang tidak ada atau mempunyai sejarah yang digantung atau dibatalkan;
* Menjadi [[watak moral yang baik|watak moral tinggi]];
* Tidak mempunyai sejarah sebelum [[narkotik]] atau penggunaan [[Kanabis (dadah)|ganja]] atau alkohol;
* Tidak mempunyai sejarah etika, profesional, pekerjaan terdahulu, kenderaan bermotor, pendidikan, atau kewangan yang tidak sesuai;
* Tidak mempunyai sejarah keganasan rumahtangga atau gangguan [[penyakit mental]];
* Tidak menimbulkan risiko keselamatan dan keselamatan;
* Dapatkan hak secara sah untuk memiliki dan membawa senjata api.

Temu bual berulang, ujian bertulis, pemeriksaan kesihatan, ujian kecergasan fizikal, [[pemeriksaan latar belakang|penyiastan latar belakang]] yang menyeluruh, [[cap jari]], [[ujian dadah]], temu ramah lembaga polis, peperiksaan, dan perundingan dengan ahli psikologi adalah amalan umum yang digunakan untuk mengkaji kesesuaian calon. Merekrut dalam kebanyakan jabatan adalah kompetitif, dengan calon yang lebih sesuai dan diingini diterima lebih rendah, dan kegagalan untuk memenuhi beberapa piawaian minimum membatalkan calon sepenuhnya. Papan lisan polis adalah bahagian yang paling subjektif dalam proses itu dan sering membatalkan sebahagian besar calon yang layak.<ref>[http://www.lawenforcementts.com The Law Enforcement Oral Board Interview]</ref> Jabatan menyimpan rekod pemohon terdahulu dalam kajian, dan merujuk kepada mereka dalam hal sama ada reapplication atau permintaan antara agensi lain.

===Isu dengan pengambilan===
{{Further|Polis Gipsi}}
Despite these safeguards, some departments have at times relaxed hiring and staffing policies, sometimes in violation of the law, most often in the cases of local departments and federally funded drug task forces facing staffing shortages, attrition, and needs to quickly fill positions. This has included at times the fielding (and sometimes the arming) of uncertified officers (who may be working temporarily in what is supposed to be a provisional limited-duty status prior to certification) and the hiring(contracted; show full){{United States topics}}
{{police}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Law Enforcement In The United States}}
[[Kategori:Penguatkuasaan undang-undang di Amerika Syarikat| ]]
[[Kategori:Perkhidmatan awam Amerika Syarikat]]