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Revision 2224388 of "Cardiff" on mswiki{{terjemah|en|Cardiff}}
{{kegunaanlain}}
{{Infobox settlement
|official_name=City and County of Cardiff
|native_name=Dinas a Sir Caerdydd
|nickname=
|motto=Y ddraig goch ddyry cychwyn<br />''(Naga merah akan menunjuk jalan)''
|image_skyline=Cardiff Montage.png
|skyline_size=125
|image_caption=Ikut arah jam dari atas: [[Teluk Cardiff]], [[Senedd]], [[pusat bandar Cardiff]], [[Kastil Cardiff]] dan [[Stadium Millennium]]
|website=http://www.cardiff.gov.uk/
|image_flag=|centre
|flag_size=125px
|image_shield=
|shield_link=
|shield_size=85px
|image_map=WalesCardiff.png
|mapsize=200 *225
|map_caption=Lokasi bandar Cardiff (hijau muda) dalam [[Wales]]
|subdivision_type=[[Senarai negara|Negara]]
|subdivision_name=[[United Kingdom]]
|subdivision_type1=[[Negara juzuk]]
|subdivision_name1=[[Wales]]
|subdivision_type2=Kawasan
|subdivision_name2=[[Wales Selatam]]
|subdivision_type3=[[Kaunti bersejarah Wales|Kaunti bersejarah]]
|subdivision_name3=[[Glamorgan]]
|subdivision_name4=
|leader_title=Pemimpin {{nowrap|[[Majlis Perbandaran Cardiff]]}}
|leader_name=[[Rodney Berman]]
|leader_title1=[[Perhimpunan Kebangsaan Wales]]
|leader_name1={{Collapsible list
|title=
|frame_style=border:none; padding: 0;
|title_style=<!-- (optional) -->
|list_style=text-align:left;display:none;
|1=[[Cardiff West (Assembly constituency)|Cardiff West]]
|2=[[Cardiff South and Penarth (Assembly constituency)|Cardiff South and Penarth]]
|3=[[Cardiff North (Assembly constituency)|Cardiff North]]
|4=[[Cardiff Central (Assembly constituency)|Cardiff Central]]
}}
|leader_title2=[[Kawasan pilihan raya United Kingdom|Parlimen UK]]
|leader_name2={{Collapsible list
|title=
|frame_style=border:none; padding: 0;
|title_style=<!-- (optional) -->
|list_style=text-align:left;display:none;
|1=[[Cardiff West (UK Parliament constituency)|Cardiff West]]
|2=[[Cardiff South and Penarth (UK Parliament constituency)|Cardiff South and Penarth]]
|3=[[Cardiff North (UK Parliament constituency)|Cardiff North]]
|4=[[Cardiff Central (UK Parliament constituency)|Cardiff Central]]
}}
|leader_title3={{nowrap|[[Parlimen Eropah]]}}
|leader_name3=[[Wales]]
|area_total_km2=6.652
|area_total_sq_mi=
|area_magnitude=1 E7
|area_urban_km2=140
|area_urban_sq_mi=
|area_metro_km2=
|area_metro_sq_mi=
|population_as_of=2001*; atau angg. 2008
|population_total=324800
|population_urban=327,706*<br />841,500 <small>([[Larger Urban Zone]])</small>
|population_density_km2=4392
|population_density_sq_mi=
|demographics_type1=[[Keetnikan]]
|demographics1_footnotes=<ref name="popother">{{cite web |url=http://www.icar.org.uk/4733/statistics/about-cardiff.html |title=About Cardiff |publisher=Information Centre about Asylum and Refugees (ICAR) |accessdate=2009-02-24}}</ref>
|demographics1_title1=[[Orang kulit putih|Putih]]
|demographics1_info1=91.57%
|demographics1_title2=[[Ras kacuk|Kacukan]]
|demographics1_info2=1.99%
|demographics1_title3=[[Orang Asia|Asia]]
|demographics1_info3=3.96%
|demographics1_title4=[[Orang kulit hitam|Hitam]]
|demographics1_info4=1.28%
|demographics1_title5=[[Orang Cina|Cina]]/other
|demographics1_info5=1.20%
|demonym=Cardiffian <ref name="popcardiffian">{{cite web |url=http://www.geography-site.co.uk/pages/countries/demonyms_uk.html |title=What do you call people who originate from different parts of the United Kingdom?}}</ref>
|population_footnotes=
|timezone=[[Waktu Min Greenwich|GMT]]
|utc_offset=+0
|timezone_DST=[[Waktu Musim Panas British|BST]]
|utc_offset_DST=+1
|latd=51|latm=29|lats=07|latNS=N|longd=3|longm=11|longs=12|longEW=W
|coordinates_type=type:city(324800)_region:GB-CRF
|coordinates_display=inline,title
<!-- Elevation -------------------------->
|elevation_footnotes=<!--for references: use <ref>tags-->
|elevation_m=
|elevation_ft=
|elevation_max_m=
|elevation_max_ft=
|elevation_min_m=
|elevation_min_ft=
|postal_code_type=[[Poskod di United Kingdom|Poskod]]
|postal_code=[[Kawasan poskod CF|CF3, CF5, CF10, CF11, CF14, CF15, CF23, CF24]]
|area_code=[[Senarai kod dail UK meliputi Wales|029]]
|blank_name=[[Plat pendaftaran kenderaan United Kingdom#Sistem semasa|Kod plat kenderaan]]
|blank_info=CA, CB, CC, CD, CE, CF, CG, CH, CJ, CK, CL, CM, CN, CO
|blank1_name=Polis
|blank1_info=[[South Wales Police]]
|blank2_name=Bomba
|blank2_info=[[South Wales Fire and Rescue Service]]
|blank3_name=Ambulans
|blank3_info=[[Welsh Ambulance Service]]
}}
'''Cardiff''' ({{pron-en|ˈkɑːdɪf|En-uk-Cardiff.ogg}}, {{lang-cy|{{Audio-nohelp|Caerdydd.ogg|''Caerdydd''}}}}) adalah [[ibu negeri]], bandar terbesar dan daerah paling ramai penduduk [[Wales]]. Bandar raya ini adalah pusat komersil utama Wales, tapak untuk kebanyakan institusi budaya dan sukan, media kebangsaan Wales, dan pusat [[Perhimpunan Kebangsaan Wales]]. Menurut anggaran kini, jumlah penduduk [[pihak berkuasa kesatuan|kawasan pihak berkuasa unitari]] adalah 324,800.<ref name="2008 population"/> Cardiff adalah sebuah pusat pelancongan penting dan destinasi pelawat termasyhur di Wales dengan 11.7 juta pelawat pada 2006.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cardiff.gov.uk/ObjView.asp?Object_ID=9200 |title=Steam report |accessdate=2008-05-31}}</ref>
Bandar raya ini merupakan [[bandar kaunti]] bagi [[kaunti bersejarah Wales|kaunti bersejarah]] [[Glamorgan]] (dan kemudian [[South Glamorgan]]). Cardiff merupakan sebahagian rangkaian [[Eurocities]] bagi bandar-bandar terbesar Eropah.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eurocities.org/ |title=Eurocities |accessdate=2008-05-20}}</ref> [[Cardiff Urban Area]] meliputi kawasan yang sedikit lebih besar, termasuk [[Dinas Powys]], [[Penarth]] dan [[Radyr]]. Suatu bandar kecil sehingga awal abad ke-19, kepentingannya sebagai [[pelabuhan]] utama pengangkutan batu arang di kawasan itu menyumbang kepada pembangunannya menjadi bandar utama.
Cardiff dijadikan [[status bandar raya di United Kingdom|bandar raya]] pada 1905, dan diisytiharkan sebagai [[ibu negeri Wales]] pada 1955. Sejak 1990-an Cardiff telah menyaksikan pembangunan besar dengan kawasan tepian air baru di [[Teluk Cardiff]] yang mengandungi bangunan baru [[Perhimpunan Kebangsaan Wales]] dan kompleks seni [[Wales Millennium Centre]]. [[Pusat bandar Cardiff]] kini dalam pembangunan semula besar. Pusat sukan antarabangsa di bandar ini termasuk [[Stadium Millennium]] ([[ragbi]] dan [[bola sepak]]), [[Stadium SWALEC]] ([[kriket]]) dan [[Stadium Cardiff City]] yang baru dibuka. Bandar ini dianugerahkan ''European City Of Sport in 2009'' kerana peranannya dalam menjadi tuan rumah acara sukan antarabangsa utama.
== Etimologi ==
[[Fail:Cardiff Castle (Roman wall).jpg|thumb|left|The front wall of [[Cardiff Castle]], showing part of the original Roman fort from which the city derived its name.]]
''Caerdydd'' ( [[Welsh bahasa|Welsh]] nama bandar), dan [[Anglicisation|Inggeris-an]] borang Cardiff, berasal dari [[Sub-Rom Britain|post-Roman]] [[Brythonicbahasa|Brythonic]] perkataan yang bermaksud "kubu pada [[Sungai Taff|Taff]]". [[Cardiff Roman Fort|kubu]] merujuk kepada yang ditubuhkan oleh [[Roman Britain|Roma]]. "Dydd" atau "Diff" kedua-dua pengubahsuaian "Taff", sungai di mana [[Istana Cardiff]] berdiri, dengan ''T'' [[lenition|bermutasi]] untuk ''D'' di Welsh. Menurut Profesor Hywel Wyn Owen, pihak berkuasa utama moden pada [[ilmu nama tempat]], sebutan Wales "Caerdyff" sebagai "Caerdydd" menunjukkan sehari-hari [[silih (linguistik)|silih]]''Welsh "-f" ''dan''"dd "''.< ref nama = hwo> Hywel Wyn Owen,''Tempat-nama Wales'', 1998, ISBN 0-7083-1458-9 </ref>
Antik [[William Camden]] (1551-1623) mencadangkan bahawa nama Cardiff boleh berasal dari nama "Caer-Didi" ("Fort daripada Didius"), yang diberikan dalam menghormati [Aulus Didius Gallus]], Gabenor wilayah berhampiran pada bila-bila masa apabila kubu Roman telah ditubuhkan. Walaupun sesetengah laman web mengulangi teori ini sebagai fakta, ia dipertikaikan oleh ulama-ulama moden atas alasan bahasa, dengan Profesor Gwynedd Pierce [[Universiti Cardiff]] baru-baru ini menyifatkannya sebagai "" sampah "''. <ref> {{memetik Sebuah Nama? - Cardiff | last = Pierce | pertama = Prof Gwynedd O. | publisher = BBC Wales | accessdate = 2008/07/17}} </ref>
== Geografi ==
Pusat Cardiff agak rata dan disempadani oleh bukit-bukit di pinggir timur, utara dan barat. Ciri-ciri geografi adalah berpengaruh dalam pembangunan pelabuhan arang batu terbesar di dunia terutama sekali kedekatan dan akses mudah untuk bidang arang batu di selatan Wales lembah.
Cardiff dibina di atas tanah paya tebus guna di atas katil [[Triassic]] batu-batu, tanah paya tebus guna ini terbentang dari [[Chepstow]] untuk Muara Ely, <ref> {{memetik web | url = http://www.cardiff. Object_ID gov.uk / ObjView.asp = 7004 | title = Cardiff Perancangan Panduan Tambahan:? Kawasan Archaeologically Sensitif | tarikh = 2006/07/20 | publisher = Cardiff Majlis Daerah | accessdate = 2008/10/01 | format = PDF}} </ref> yang merupakan sempadan semulajadi Cardiff dan Vale of Glamorgan. Landskap Triassic bahagian dunia ini biasanya cetek dan rendah yang akaun dan menerangkan kebosanan pusat Cardiff <ref> {{memetik jurnal |. Year = 2008 | tajuk = Perbincangan pada palaeoecology acara kepupusan Triassic Lewat di UK SW | jurnal = Journal of Persatuan Geologi | penerbit = Persatuan Geologi D.}} </ref> klasik Triassic [Marl]], [[pasir]] dan [[konglomerat (geologi)|konglomerat]] batu-batu yang digunakan sebahagian besarnya di seluruh Cardiff sebagai bahan binaan. Banyak batu-batu Triassic ini mempunyai kulit yang ungu, terutama pantai [Marl]] dijumpai berhampiran Penarth. Salah satu batu-batu Triassic yang digunakan di Cardiff "Radyr Batu", a [[biji (masonry)|biji]] yang kerana ia nama mencadangkan adalah quarried di daerah Radyr <ref> {{memetik web |. Url = http:/ / www.englishstone.org.uk / dokumen / dimensi% 20stone% 208.html | title = Triassic bangunan batu pasir sumber | accessdate = 2008/07/07}} </ref> Cardiff juga telah mengimport beberapa bahan-bahan untuk bangunan: [[Devonian]] batu pasir ([[batu pasir Merah Lama]]) dari [[Brecon Beacons]] telah digunakan. Paling terkenal, bangunan [[Cathays Park]], pusat sivik di pusat bandar, yang dibina daripada [[Portland batu]] yang diimport dari Dorset <ref> {{memetik web | url = http: / / Walks www.swga.org.uk/pdf/CathaysPark.pdf|format=PDF|title=Geological di Wales: Cathays Park | publisher = Persatuan Geologi South Wales | accessdate = 2008/10/22}} </ref> bangunan batu yang digunakan secara meluas di Cardiff kuning kelabu [Awal Jurassic | Liassic]] [[batu kapur]] batu [[Vale of Glamorgan]], termasuk yang jarang berlaku. "Sutton Stone", sebuah konglomerat Lias batu kapur dan [[carboniferous]] batu kapur <ref> {{memetik web. | url = http://www.castlewales.com/morgraig.html|title=Castell Morgraig | last = Iowerth | pertama = Dylan | publisher = Castle Pengajian Kumpulan | tahun = 1998 | accessdate = 2008/10/22}} </ref>
Cardiff bersempadan barat oleh daerah luar bandar [[Vale of Glamorgan]] juga dikenali sebagai Taman of Cardiff-<ref> {{memetik web | url = http://www.gardenofcardiff.com/|title = Taman Cardiff | accessdate = 2008/05/20}} </ref> ke timur oleh bandar [[Newport]], utara oleh [[South Wales]] dan di selatan oleh [[Severn River]] dan [[Bristol Channel]]. [[Taff River]] angin melalui pusat bandar dan bersama-sama dengan [[Ely River]] mengalir ke tasik air tawar [[Cardiff Bay]]. Sungai ketiga, [[Rhymney River]] mengalir melalui timur bandar yang memasuki terus ke dalam muara Severn.
Cardiff terletak berdekatan [[Glamorgan]] [[Warisan Pantai]], yang menjangkau ke arah barat dari Penarth dan Barry-komuter bandar-bandar Cardiff dengan berjalur kuning-biru Jurassic cenuram batu kapur. Pantai Glamorgan adalah hanya sebahagian daripada [[Celtic Laut]] yang telah mendedahkan [Jurassic]] ([[biru Lias]]) geologi. Pantai, yang mempunyai terumbu, sandbanks dan tebing-tebing bergerigi, regangan ini adalah [[kapal perkuburan]]; barat kapal-kapal yang belayar sehingga ke Cardiff semasa era perindustrian yang sering tidak pernah dibuat jauh sebagai Cardiff seberapa banyak yang rosak di sekitar persisiran pantai ini bermusuhan semasa / Gales barat. Oleh itu, penyeludupan, sengaja shipwrecking dan serangan ke atas kapal-kapal biasa.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kenfig.org.uk/smuggling.html|title=Smuggling Around Kenfig|publisher=Kenfig.org|accessdate=2008-04-19}}</ref>
{{Geographic Location
|title='''Destinations from CARDIFF'''
|Northwest=[[Llantrisant]]
|North=[[Pontypridd]], [[Brecon]], [[Caerphilly]], [[Aberdare]], [[Rhondda]]
|Northeast=[[Newport]], [[Chepstow]]
|West=[[Maesteg]], [[Neath]], [[Bridgend]]
|Centre=CARDIFF
|East=[[Bristol Channel]]
|Southwest=[[Llantwit Major]], [[Cardiff International Airport]]
|South=[[Penarth]], [[Dinas Powys]], [[Barry, Vale of Glamorgan|Barry]]
|Southeast=[[Bristol Channel]]
}}
=== Cityscape ===
{{Refimprovesect|date=December 2008}}
[[Fail:Cardiff city centre apartments.JPG||thumb|upright|City centre apartment and hotel towers]]
{{See also|List of places in Cardiff}}
"Inner Cardiff" consists of the following wards: [[Penylan]], [[Plasnewydd]], [[Gabalfa]], [[Roath]], [[Cathays (electoral ward)|Cathays]], [[Adamsdown]] and [[Splott]] ward on the north and east of the city centre, and [[Butetown]], [[Grangetown, Cardiff|Grangetown]], [[Riverside, Cardiff|Riverside]] and [[Canton, Cardiff|Canton]] to the south and west.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cardifflife.net/cardiffwheretolive.html|title=Places to live in Cardiff|publisher=cardifflife.net|accessdate=2009-06-01}}</ref> The inner-city areas to the south of the [[A4161 road]] (known as the "Southern Arc") are, with the exception of Cardiff Bay, some of the poorest districts of Wales with low levels of economic activity.<ref>{{cite book|coauthors=Alan Hooper, John Punter|title=Capital Cardiff 1975-2020: Regeneration, Competitiveness and the Urban Environment|publisher=[[University of Wales Press]]|location=Cardiff|year=2006|page=63|isbn=0708320635|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=Hvud9bNwTisC&pg=PT81&lpg=PT81&dq=%22southern+arc%22+cardiff&source=bl&ots=kl3HKvKt_Z&sig=HtsYIwMoXgSqzopzUF1HTDBKPvY&hl=en&ei=ieojSqbIOd3TjAfKoICsBg&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4}}</ref> On the other hand Gabalfa, Plasnewydd and Cathays north of the 'arc' have very large student populations,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/for/prospective/pg/life/accommodation/areasofcardiff/index.html|title=Areas of Cardiff|publisher=Cardiff University|accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref> and Pontcanna (situated north of Riverside and alongside Canton) is a favourite for students and young professionals. [[Penylan]], which lies to the north east side of Roath Park, is an affluent area popular with those with older children and the retired.
"Suburban Cardiff" can be broken down into three distinct areas.{{Or|date=December 2008}} To the west lie [[Ely, Cardiff|Ely]], [[Caerau, Cardiff|Caerau]] and [[Fairwater, Cardiff|Fairwater]] which contain some of the largest housing estates in the United Kingdom. With the exception of some of the outlying privately built estates at Michaelston Super Ely and 1930s developments near Waun-Gron Road, this is an economically disadvantaged area with high numbers of unemployed households. [[Culverhouse Cross]] is a more affluent western area of the city. [[Radyr]], [[Llandaff]], [[Llandaff North]], [[Whitchurch, Cardiff|Whitchurch]] & [[Tongwynlais]], [[Rhiwbina]], [[Heath, Cardiff|Heath]], [[Llanishen]], [[Thornhill, Cardiff|Thornhill]], [[Lisvane]] and [[Cyncoed]] which lie in an arc from the north west to the north east of the centre can be considered the main middle class suburbs of the city. In particular, Cyncoed, [[Radyr]] and Lisvane contain some of the most expensive housing in Wales. Further to the east lie the wards of Pontprennau & Old St Mellons, Rumney, [[Pentwyn, Cardiff|Pentwyn]], [[Llanrumney]] and [[Trowbridge, Cardiff|Trowbridge]]. The latter three are again largely of public housing stock, although new private housing is being built in Trowbridge in considerable number. [[Pontprennau]] is the newest 'suburb' of Cardiff, whilst [[St Mellons|Old St Mellons]] has a history going back to the [[Norman Conquest]] in the 11th century.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oldstmellons.co.uk/history/|title=Old St Mellons History|accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref>
To the north west of the city lies a region that may be called "Rural Cardiff" containing the villages of [[St. Fagans]], [[Creigiau]], [[Pentyrch]], [[Tongwynlais]] and [[Gwaelod-y-garth]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cardiff.gov.uk/content.asp?nav=2870%2C3139%2C3158%2C3965&parent_directory_id=2865|title=Landscape Study of Cardiff|date=2008-10-17|publisher=Cardiff County Council|accessdate=2008-10-22}}</ref> St. Fagans, home to the [[Museum of Welsh Life]], is protected from further development.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cardiff.gov.uk/ObjView.asp?Object_ID=9569|title=St Fagans Conservation Area Appraisal|year=2007|publisher=Cardiff County Council|accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref>
Since 2000, there has been a significant change of scale and building height in Cardiff, with the development of the city centre's first purpose-built high-rise apartments.<ref>{{cite book|last=Hooper|first=Alan|coauthors=Hunter, John|title=Capital Cardiff 1975-2020. Regeneration, Competitiveness and the Urban Environment|editor=Alan Hooper, John Punter|publisher=University of Wales Press|location=Cardiff|year=2006|isbn=9780708320631|url=http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Hvud9bNwTisC&dq=%22Regeneration,+Competitiveness+and+the+Urban+Environment%22&printsec=frontcover&source=bn&hl=en&ei=DmrhSqWBJ5yhjAfu7I2xAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CBQQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=&f=false}}</ref> Tall buildings have been built in the city centre and Cardiff Bay, and more are planned.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.skyscrapernews.com/bdbsearch.php?city=Cardiff | title=Skyscrapernews.com search results: Cardiff | accessdate=23 October 2009}}</ref> A luxury hotel, Bayscape, has been granted planning permission at the [[Cardiff International Sports Village]] and it will be the tallest building in Wales upon completion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skyscrapernews.com/buildings.php?id=5704|title=Cardiff Bay Scape Skyscrapers|year=2009|publisher=Sky Scraper News UK|accessdate=2009-01-10}}</ref>
=== Iklim ===
{{See also|Climate of the United Kingdom#Wales|}}
{{climate chart
|Cardiff
|2|8|119
|2|8|91
|4|11|89
|5|13|65
|8|17|65
|11|19|66
|13|22|61
|13|21|90
|10|18|104
|8|15|117
|4|11|117
|3|9|128
|source=[http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/sites/cardiff.html Met Office]
|float=right
}}
Cardiff lies within the [[Temperateness|north temperate zone]] and has an essentially [[maritime climate]], characterised by mild weather that is often cloudy, wet and windy.<ref name="Met Off 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/wl/|publisher=Met Office|year=2009|title=Met Office: Regional Climate: Wales|accessdate=2009-06-29|work=Met Office website}}</ref> Summers tend to be warm and sunny, with average maximum temperatures between {{convert|19|°C|°F}} and {{convert|22|°C|°F}}. Winters tend to be fairly wet, but rainfall is rarely excessive and the temperature usually stays above freezing. Spring and autumn feel quite similar and the temperatures tend to stay above {{convert|14|°C|°F}}—also the average annual daytime temperature. Rain is unpredictable at any time of year, although the showers tend to be shorter in summer.<ref name="Airport guide">{{cite web|url=http://www.cardiff-cwl.airports-guides.com/cwl_climate.html|publisher=TravelSmart Ltd|year=2009|title=Weather at Cardiff Airport (CWL):Weather and Climate in Cardiff Area, Wales, U|accessdate=2009-07-01|work=Airports guides website}}</ref>
The northern part of the county, being higher and inland—e.g. [[Garth Hill|The Garth]] ({{lang-cy|Mynydd y Garth}}), about {{convert|7|mi|km}} north west of Cardiff city centre, ([[elevation]] {{convert|1007|ft|m|0}})—tends to be cooler and wetter than the city centre.{{Citation needed|date=July 2009}}<ref name="OS 171">{{cite map|publisher=Ordnance Survey|title=Landranger Map sheet 171|isbn=0-319-22771-5|cartography=Ordnance Survey|edition=2002 C1|section=ST083 990}}</ref>
=== Suhu ===
Cardiff's maximum and minimum monthly temperatures average {{convert|21.3|°C|°F}} (August) and {{convert|2.1|°C|°F}} (January and February).<br />For Wales, the temperatures average {{convert|19.1|°C|°F}} (July) and {{convert|1.1|°C|°F}} (February).<ref name="Met Off 2">{{cite web|url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/sites/cardiff.html|publisher=Met Office|year=2009|title=Met Office: averages 1971-2000|accessdate=2009-06-29|work=Met Office website}}</ref><ref name="Met Off 3">{{cite web|url=http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/climate/uk/averages/19712000/areal/wales.html|publisher=Met Office|year=2009|title=Met Office: averages 1971-2000|accessdate=2009-06-29|work=Met Office website}}</ref>
=== Jam sinar matahari ===
Cardiff has 1518 hours of sunshine during an average year (Wales 1388.7 hours). Cardiff is sunniest during July, with an average 203.4 hours during the month (Wales 183.3 hours), and least sunny during December with 44.6 hours (Wales 38.5 hours).<ref name="Met Off 2"/><ref name="Met Off 3"/>
=== Curah hujan ===
Cardiff experiences less rainfall than Wales as a whole.
Rain falls in Cardiff on 146 days during an average year, with total annual rainfall of {{convert|1111.7|mm|in}}. Monthly rainfall pattern shows that from September to January average monthly rainfall in Cardiff exceeded {{convert|100|mm|in}} each month, the wettest month being December with {{convert|128|mm|in}}. Cardiff's dryest months are from April to July, with average monthly rainfall fairly consistent, at between {{convert|60.5|mm|in}} and {{convert|65.9|mm|in}}.<ref name="Met Off 2"/><ref name="Met Off 3"/>
Rain falls in Wales on 165.5 days during an average year, with total annual rainfall of {{convert|1435.9|mm|in}}. Monthly rainfall pattern shows that from September to January average monthly rainfall in Wales exceeded {{convert|120.0|mm|in}} each month, the wettest month being December with {{convert|173.3|mm|in}} Wales' dryest months are from April to July, with average monthly rainfall fairly consistent, at between {{convert|78.4|mm|in}} and {{convert|85.9|mm|in}}.<ref name="Met Off 2"/><ref name="Met Off 3"/>
== Ekonomi ==
{{Utama|Economy and industry of Cardiff}}
{{See also|List of tallest buildings in Cardiff}}
[[Fail:Pearl Assurance Building 2007.jpg|left|thumb|upright|[[Capital Tower, Cardiff]]]]
As the capital city of Wales, Cardiff is the main engine of growth in the Welsh economy. The economy of Cardiff and adjacent areas makes up nearly 20% of Welsh GDP and 40% of the city’s workforce are daily in-commuters from the surrounding south Wales area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statistics.gov.uk/articles/economic_trends/Sub-regional_&_Local_Area_GDP.pdf|title=Sub-regional and local area gross domestic product|last=Clifton-Fearnside|first=Alex|coauthors=Adam Douglas|date=2002-05-14|publisher=Office of National Statistics|accessdate=2008-04-18|format=PDF}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.statswales.wales.gov.uk/TableViewer/document.aspx?ReportId=4903&IF_Language=isl|title=Statistics on Commuting in Wales|date=2007-12-05|publisher=Statistics for Wales|accessdate=2008-04-18}}</ref>
[[Fail:JohnLewisCardiff.jpg|thumb|right|The new Cardiff John Lewis, the 2nd biggest John Lewis in the U.K. and the 2nd largest department store in the UK outside London.]]
[[Fail:Cardiff sk.jpg|thumb|right|[[List of tallest buildings in Cardiff|Cardiff Skyline]] in 2008]]
Industry has played a major part in Cardiff's development for many centuries. The main catalyst for its transformation from a small town into a big city was the demand for coal required in making iron and later steel, brought to the sea by [[packhorse]] from [[Merthyr Tydfil]]. This was first achieved by the construction of a {{convert|25|mi|km|sing=on}} long canal from Merthyr (510 feet above sea-level) to the Taff Estuary at Cardiff.<ref name="canal">{{cite web|url=http://www.alangeorge.co.uk/the_glamorganshire_canal.htm|title=The Glamorganshire Canal|accessdate=2008-04-19}}</ref> Eventually the [[Taff Vale Railway]] replaced the canal barges and massive marshalling yards sprang up as new docks were developed in Cardiff - all prompted by the soaring worldwide demand for coal from the South Wales valleys.
At its peak, Cardiff's [[port]] area, known as [[Tiger Bay]], became the busiest port in the world and—for some time—the world's most important [[coal]] port. In the years leading up to the [[World War I|First World War]], more than 10 million tonnes of coal was exported annually from [[Cardiff Docks]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.museumwales.ac.uk/en/rhagor/article/?article_id=50|title=Cardiff - Coal and Shipping Metropolis of the World|publisher=National Museum of Wales|accessdate=2008-04-19}}</ref> In 1907, Cardiff's [[Coal Exchange]] was the first host to a business deal for a million [[Pound Sterling|pounds Sterling]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.glamro.gov.uk/check/Building%20of%20a%20Capital%202/A_Why.html|title=Why Did Cardiff Grow?|publisher=Glamorgan record Office|accessdate=2008-04-19}}</ref> After a period of decline, Cardiff's port has started to grow again – over 3 million tonnes of cargo passed through the docks in 2007.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://newsvote.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/7414502.stm|title=Ports' resurgence as imports grow|date=2008-05-22|publisher=BBC News Wales|accessdate=2008-05-28}}</ref>
[[Fail:Coal Exchange, Cardiff.jpg|thumb|left|[[The Coal Exchange]]]]
Today, Cardiff is the principal [[finance]] and business [[service (economics)|services]] centre in [[Wales]], and as such there is a strong representation of finance and business services in the local economy. This sector, combined with the Public Administration, Education and Health sectors, have accounted for around 75% of Cardiff's economic growth since 1991.<ref name="employ">{{cite web|url=http://www.cardiff.gov.uk/objview.asp?Object_ID=3393&|title=Labour Market:An overview of Cardiff Empoyment and the local economy|date=2004-04-09|publisher=Cardiff County Council|accessdate=2008-04-19}}</ref> The city was recently placed seventh overall in the top 50 European cities in the fDI 2008 Cities of the Future list published by the [[fDi magazine]], and also ranked seventh in terms of attracting foreign investment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://fdimagazine.com/cp/10/FDI_052-055_0208-2.pdf|format=PDF|title=European Cities & Regions of the Future 2008/09|date=2008-02-01|accessdate=2008-03-25}}</ref> Notable companies such as [[Legal & General]], [[Admiral]] Insurance, [[HBOS]], [[Zurich Financial Services|Zurich]], [[ING Direct]], [[The Automobile Association|The AA]], [[Principality Building Society]], [[118 118 (UK)|118118]], [[Centrica plc|British Gas]], [[SA Brain & Company Ltd|Brains]], [[SWALEC|SWALEC Energy]] and [[BT Group|BT]], all operate large national or regional headquarters and contact centres in the city, some of them based in Cardiff's office towers such as [[Capital Tower, Cardiff|Capital Tower]] and Brunel House. Other major employers include [[NHS Wales]] and the [[National Assembly for Wales]]. On 1 March 2004, Cardiff was granted [[Fairtrade City]] status.
Cardiff is the one of the most popular tourist destination cities in the United Kingdom, with one survey recording just under 12 million visitors in 2006.<ref name="tourism">{{cite web|url=http://www.cardiff.gov.uk/ObjView.asp?Object_ID=8719|format=PDF|title=Cardiff Essential Facts - Tourism|publisher=Cardiff County Council|date=2007-05-01|accessdate=2008-03-25}}</ref> One result of this is that one in five employees in Cardiff are based in the distribution, hotels and restaurants sector, highlighting the growing retail and tourism industries in the city.<ref name="employ"/> There are a large number of hotels of varying sizes and standards in the city, providing almost 9,000 available bed spaces.<ref name="tourism"/>
Cardiff is home to the Welsh media and the UK's largest film, TV and multimedia sector outside London with [[BBC Wales]], [[S4C]] and [[HTV|ITV Wales]] all having studios in the city.<ref name="media"/> In particular, there is a large independent TV production industry sector of over 600 companies, employing around 6000 employees and with a turnover estimated at £350 m.<ref name="media">{{cite web|url=http://www.cardiff.gov.uk/ObjView.asp?Object_ID=3775|title=The Film, TV and Multimedia Sector in Cardiff|publisher=Economic Development Division, Cardiff County Council|format=PDF|date=2003-12-01|accessdate=2008-09-11}}</ref> Just to the north west of the city, in [[Rhondda Cynon Taff]], the first completely new film studios in the UK for 30 years are being built, named [[Valleywood]]. The studios are set to be the biggest in the UK. The BBC has announced it is to build new studios in Cardiff Bay to film dramas such as Casualty and Doctor Who, with the BBC intending to double media output from the city by 2016.<ref>http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/2010/01/19/bbc-drama-village-for-bay-plus-digital-media-hub-91466-25632219/</ref>
Cardiff has several regeneration projects such the St David's 2 Centre and surrounding areas of the city centre, and the $1.4 billion [[Cardiff International Sports Village|International Sports Village]] in Cardiff Bay which will play a part in [[2012 Summer Olympics|London 2012 Olympics]]. It features the only [[Olympic-size swimming pool|Olympic-standard swimming pool]] in Wales, the [[Cardiff International Pool]], which opened on 12 January 2008.
According to the Welsh Rugby Union, the Millennium Stadium has contributed GBP1 bn to the Welsh economy in the ten years since it opened (1999), with around 85% of that amount staying in the Cardiff area.<ref name="WRU Mileniwm 1">{{cite web|title=WalesOnline - Business - Businness News - Stadium has boosted economy by £1bn in|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/business-in-wales/business-news/2009/06/24/stadium-has-boosted-economy-by-1bn-in-its-first-decade-91466-23959813/|accessdate=2009-06-28|WalesOnline|date=2000-06-24|work=WalesOnline website}}</ref>
=== Membeli-Belah ===
[[Fail:Cardiff Market.JPG|thumb|[[Cardiff Central Market]]]]
The majority of Cardiff's shopping portfolio is in the city centre around Queen Street and St. Mary's Street, with large suburban [[retail parks]] located in [[Cardiff Bay]], [[Culverhouse Cross]], [[Leckwith]], [[Rumney|Newport Road]] and [[Pontprennau]], together with markets in the city centre and [[Splott]]. A major £675 million regeneration programme for Cardiff's [[St. David's Centre]] is underway which, when completed in 2009, will provide a total of {{convert|1400000|sqft|m2}} of shopping space, making it one of the largest shopping centres in the United Kingdom.<ref name="stdavids2">{{cite web|url=http://www.stdavids2.com/Template01.asp?pageid=95|title=St Davids 2 and Cardiff|accessdate=2008-01-03}}</ref>
Cardiff is sixth best city in the [[United Kingdom]] for shopping, according to a poll in November 2009, surpassing other cities such as [[Bristol]], [[Leeds]], [[Edinburgh]] and [[Newcastle upon Tyne]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Abby Alford |url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/cardiff-news/2009/11/24/cardiff-the-sixth-best-place-for-shopping-in-the-uk-91466-25239599/ |title=News - Cardiff News - Cardiff the sixth best place for shopping in the UK |publisher=WalesOnline |date= |accessdate=2010-01-02}}</ref>
== Lokasi dan tarikan ==
[[Fail:Millennium Stadium North.jpg|thumb|upright|Millennium Stadium]]
Cardiff has many landmark buildings such as the [[Millennium Stadium]], [[Pierhead Building]] and the [[National Assembly for Wales]]. However Cardiff is also famous for [[Cardiff Castle]], [[St David's Hall]], [[Llandaff Cathedral]] and the [[Wales Millennium Centre]].
[[Cardiff Castle]] is a major tourist attraction in the city and is situated in the heart of the city centre, near the main shopping area of Queen Street and St. Mary's Street. The [[St Fagans National History Museum|National History Museum at St Fagans]] in Cardiff is a large open air museum housing dozens of buildings from throughout Welsh history that have been moved to the site in Cardiff.
The Civic Centre in [[Cathays Park]] comprises a collection of [[Edwardian architecture|Edwardian]] buildings such as the [[City Hall, Cardiff|City Hall]], [[National Museum Cardiff|National Museum and Gallery of Wales]], [[Cardiff Crown Court]], and buildings forming part of [[Cardiff University]], together with more modern civic buildings. These buildings surround a small green space containing the [[Welsh National War Memorial]] and a number of other smaller memorials.
[[Fail:Cardiff Bay.JPG|thumb|left|Modern-day [[Cardiff Bay]]]]
Other major tourist attractions are the [[Cardiff Bay]] regeneration sites which include the recently opened Wales Millennium Centre and the [[Senedd]], and many other cultural and sites of interest including the [[Cardiff Bay Barrage]] and the famous [[Coal Exchange]]. The [[New Theatre (Cardiff)|New Theatre]] was founded in 1906 and completely refurbished in the 1980s. Until the opening of the Wales Millennium Centre in 2004, it was the premier venue in Wales for touring theatre and dance companies. Other venues which are popular for concerts and sporting events include [[Cardiff International Arena]], [[St David's Hall]] and the [[Millennium Stadium]].
Cardiff has over 1,000 listed buildings, ranging from the more prominent buildings such as the castles, to smaller buildings, houses and structures.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://64.233.183.104/search?q=cache:v1WqH_pRIwUJ:www.cardiff.gov.uk/content.asp%3FParent_Directory_id%3D2865%26nav%3D2870,3139,3939,3972+cardiff+listed+buildings&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=uk|title=Listed and Locally Listed Buildings|publisher=Cardiff County Council|accessdate=2008-05-28}}</ref>
Cardiff has walks of special interest for tourists and [[Walking|ramblers]] alike, such as the [[Cardiff Centenary Walk|Centenary Walk]], which runs for {{convert|2.3|mi|km|1}} within [[Cardiff city centre]]. This route passes through many of Cardiff's landmarks and historic buildings.
=== Istana ===
In addition to [[Cardiff Castle]], [[Castell Coch]] ({{lang-en|Red Castle}}) is located in [[Tongwynlais]], in the [[Cardiff North|north]] of the city. The current castle is an elaborately decorated Victorian [[folly]] designed by [[William Burges (architect)|William Burges]] for the Marquess and built in the 1870s, as an occasional retreat. However, the Victorian castle stands on the footings of a much older medieval castle possibly built by [[Ifor Bach]], a regional baron with links to Cardiff Castle also. The exterior has become a popular location for film and television productions. It rarely fulfilled its intended role as a retreat for the Butes, who seldom stayed there. For the Marquess, the pleasure had been in its creation, a pleasure lost following Burges's death in 1881.
<div class="center">
{| class="wikitable" style="width:550px;"
|-
|[[Fail:Cardiff castle wall 01.jpg|170x140px]]<small><br />Cardiff Castle<br />North Gate
|[[Fail:Cardiff Castle keep.jpg|170x150px]]<br /><small> Cardiff Castle Keep
|[[Fail:Castell Coch frontside January midday.jpg|170x150px]]<br /><small> [[Castell Coch]]
|[[Fail:Garden Castle St Fagans 12.JPG|210x150px]]<br /><small> [[St Fagans National History Museum|St Fagans Castle]]
|}
</div>
Situated on the narrowest part of the south Wales coastal plain, Cardiff had a crucial strategic importance in the wars between the Normans (who had occupied lowland Wales) and the Welsh who maintained their hold on the uplands. As a result Cardiff claims to have the largest concentration of [[castles]] of any city in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.skysports.com/rugbyunion/World_Cup/Story/0,21043,13092_2689478,00.html|title=2007 Rugby World Cup City Guides - Cardiff|publisher=Sky Sports|accessdate=2008-04-19}}</ref> As well as Cardiff Castle and Castell Coch, the remains of Twmpath Castle,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.castlewales.com/twmpath.html|title=Twmpath Castle|year=2002|accessdate=2008-03-21}}</ref> the Llandaff Bishop's Palace and [[St Fagans National History Museum|Saint Fagans Castle]] are still in existence, whilst the site of Treoda (or Whitchurch Castle) has now been built over.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://homepage.mac.com/philipdavis/Welshsites/482.html|title=The Gatehouse: Treoda, Whitchurch|date=2007-10-08|accessdate=2007-12-28}}</ref>
== Budaya dan rekreasi ==
[[Fail:Cardiff Bay WMC.jpg|thumb|The [[Wales Millennium Centre]]]]
{{Utama|Culture and recreation in Cardiff|List of cultural venues in Cardiff}}
Cardiff has many cultural sites varying from the historical [[Cardiff Castle]] and out of town [[Castell Coch]] to the more modern [[Wales Millennium Centre]] and [[Cardiff Bay]]. Cardiff was a finalist in the [[European Capital of Culture]] 2008.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/arts/2959944.stm|title=Liverpool named as European Capital of Culture|date=2003-06-04|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=2008-05-28}}</ref> In recent years Cardiff has grown in stature as a tourist destination, with recent accolades including Cardiff being voted the eighth favourite UK city by readers of the Guardian.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/travel/2007/nov/04/escape?page=all|title=Observer Travel Awards: Your holiday winners|date=2007-11-04|accessdate=2007-12-12 | work=The Guardian | location=London}}</ref> The city was also listed as one of the top 10 destinations in the UK on the official British tourist boards website Visit Britain,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitbritain.co.uk/|title=Visit Britain|accessdate=2007-12-12}}</ref> and US travel guide Frommers have listed Cardiff as one of 13 top destinations worldwide for 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.frommers.com/trip_ideas/cultural_immersion/article.cfm?ideaID=CULTURE&articleID=4811&t=Frommer%27s%20Top%20Destinations%20for%202008|title=Frommer's Top Destinations for 2008|date=2007-12-04|accessdate=2007-12-12}}</ref>
=== Muzik dan seni persembahan ===
{{Utama|Music of Cardiff}}
[[Fail:CIA Cardiff Wales 001.jpg|thumb|left|[[Cardiff International Arena|Cardiff International Arena—(CIA)]]]]
A large number of concerts are held within the city, the larger ones being performed in [[St David's Hall]], the [[Cardiff International Arena]] and occasionally the [[Millennium Stadium]]. A number of festivals are also held in Cardiff—the largest of these is the [[Cardiff big weekend|Cardiff Big Weekend]] Festival, which is held annually in the city centre during the summer and plays host to free musical performances (from artists such as [[Ash (band)|Ash]], [[Jimmy Cliff]], [[Cerys Matthews]], the [[Fun Loving Criminals]], [[Soul II Soul]] and [[The Magic Numbers]]), fairground rides and cultural events such as a Children's Festival that takes place in the grounds of [[Cardiff Castle]]. The annual festival claims to be the UK's largest free outdoor festival, attracting over 250,000 visitors in 2007.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/music/sites/big_weekend/|title=BBC Wales - Big Weekend|accessdate=2008-02-23}}</ref>
Cardiff hosted the [[National Eisteddfod]] in 1883, 1899, 1938, 1960, 1978 and 2008. Cardiff is unique in Wales in having two permanent [[stone circles]] used by the Gorsedd of [[Bards]] during Eisteddfodau. The original circle stands in Gorsedd Gardens in front of the [[National Museum]] while its 1978 replacement is situated in [[Bute Park]]. Since 1983, Cardiff has hosted the [[BBC Cardiff Singer of the World]] competition, a world renowned event on the opera calendar which is held every two years. The city also hosts smaller events.
[[Fail:Cardiff University Graduation Ceremony.jpg|thumb|Inside [[St David's Hall|St David's Hall, Cardiff]]]]
A number of performing arts venues are located within the city—the largest and most prominent of these is the [[Wales Millenium Centre]], which hosts performances of opera, ballet, dance, comedy and musicals, and (as of autumn 2008) is home to the [[BBC National Orchestra of Wales]]. [[St David's Hall]] (which hosts the Singer of the World competition) has regular performances of classical music and ballet as well as music of other genres. The largest of Cardiff's theatres is the [[New Theatre (Cardiff)|New Theatre]], situated in the city centre just off Queen Street. Other such venues include the [[Sherman Theatre]], [[Chapter Arts Centre]] and the [[The Gate Arts Centre]].
The Cardiff music scene is established and wide-ranging—it is home to the [[BBC National Orchestra of Wales]] and [[Welsh National Opera]], has produced several leading acts itself and, as a capital city, has acted as a springboard for numerous Welsh bands to go and become famous both nationally and internationally. Acts who hail from Cardiff include [[Charlotte Church]], [[Shirley Bassey]], [[The Oppressed]], [[Kids In Glass Houses]], [[Los Campesinos]], [[The Hot Puppies]], [[Pagan Wanderer Lu]], [[Budgie (band)|Budgie]], and [[Shakin' Stevens]]. Also, performers such as [[The Automatic]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://theautomatic.co.uk/band.php|title=The Automatic / Band|publisher=theautomatic.co.uk|accessdate=2008-12-08}}</ref> [[Manic Street Preachers]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.myspace.com/manics|title=Manic Street Preachers on MySpace Music - Free Streaming MP3s, Pictures & Music|date=2010-01-02|publisher=[[Manic Street Preachers]]|accessdate=2010-01-02}}</ref> [[Lostprophets]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/music/sites/lostprophets/pages/rise.shtml|title=The rise of Lostprophets|publisher=[[BBC Wales]]|last=Pattison|first=Louis|accessdate=2008-12-08}}</ref> [[Super Furry Animals]], [[Catatonia (band)|Catatonia]] and [[Bullet for My Valentine]] have links with the city and are associated with the Cardiff music scene.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/cardiff-music-scene-the-scene-is-more-alive-than-ever-428059.html|title=Cardiff music scene: 'The scene is more alive than ever'|date=2006-11-30|publisher=[[The Independent]]|last=Mugan|first=Chris|accessdate=2008-12-08 | location=London}}</ref>. In 2010, Cardiff was named the UK's second 'most musical' City by [[PRS for Music]] <ref>[http://www.mirror.co.uk/celebs/news/2010/03/13/bristol-named-britain-s-most-musical-city-115875-22107650/ Daily Mirror | Bristol names Britain's most musical city]</ref>
=== Rekreasi ===
Cardiff has a strong nightlife and is home to many bars, pubs and clubs. An extensive venue and events list can be found at [http://www.woic.co.uk/ What's on in Cardiff] guide. Most clubs and bars are situated in the city centre, especially St. Mary's Street, and more recently Cardiff Bay has built up a strong night scene, with many modern bars & restaurants. The Brewery Quarter on St. Mary's Street is a recently developed venue for bars and restaurant with a central courtyard. Charles Street is also a popular part of the city.
[[Fail:Roath Park BillySastard.jpg|thumb|400px|The lake at [[Roath Park]], including the lighthouse erected as a memorial to [[Robert Falcon Scott|Captain Scott]]]]
Cardiff is known for its extensive parkland, with parks and other such green spaces covering around 10% of the city's total area.<ref name="trends">{{cite web|url=http://www.cardiff.gov.uk/ObjView.asp?Object_ID=4289|format=PDF|title=Cardiff Population Trends|date=2006-01-04|accessdate=2008-01-21}}</ref> Cardiff's main park, [[Bute Park]] (which was formerly the castle grounds) extends northwards from the top of one of Cardiff's main shopping street (Queen Street); when combined with the adjacent Llandaff Fields and Pontcanna Fields to the north west it produces a massive open space skirting the [[River Taff]]. Other popular parks include [[Roath Park]] in the north, donated to the city by the [[John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute|3rd Marquess of Bute]] in 1887 and which includes a very popular boating lake; [[Victoria Park, Cardiff|Victoria Park]], Cardiff's first official park; and Thompson's Park, formerly home to an [[aviary]] removed in the 1970s. Wild open spaces include [http://www.howardianlnr.org.uk/ Howardian Local Nature Reserve], {{convert|32|acre|m2}} of the lower Rhymney valley in Penylan noted for its Orchids, and [http://www.forestfarm.org.uk/ Forest Farm Country Park], over {{convert|150|acre|km2}} along the river Taff in Whitchurch.
Cardiff is one of the top ten retail destinations in the UK,<ref name="stdavids2"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.yellgroup.com/espanol/media-pressreleases-2007-glasgownamedtopforshopsatchristmas|title=Glasgow named top for shops at Christmas|date=2007-12-06|accessdate=2007-12-27}}</ref> with two main shopping streets (Queen Street and St. Mary Street), and three main shopping arcades; [[St. David's Centre]], [[Queens Arcade]] and the [[Capitol Centre]]. The current expansion of St. David's Centre as part of the St. David's 2 project will see it become one of the largest shopping centres in the United Kingdom. As well as the modern shopping arcades, the city is also home to many Victorian shopping centres, such as High Street Arcade, Castle Arcade, Wyndham Arcade, Royal Arcade and Morgan Arcade. Also of note is [[The Hayes]], home to [[Spillers Records]], the world's oldest record shop.<ref>{{cite news|title=World's oldest record shop (est. 1894) is threatened with closure|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2006/dec/12/pop.rock|publisher=guardian.co.uk|accessdate=2008-09-11 | location=London | first=Steven | last=Morris | date=2006-12-12}}</ref><ref name="spillers">{{cite news|url=http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/article656416.ece|title=World's oldest record shop in the death grip of a developer|publisher=The Times|quote=The owners of Spillers Records, recognised by Guinness World Records as the oldest such emporium on Earth, say that it will close unless a buyer is found.|date=2006-12-01|accessdate=2008-09-11 | location=London}}</ref> Cardiff has a number of markets, including the vast Victorian indoor [[Cardiff Market|Cardiff Central Market]] and the newly-established Riverside Community Market, which specialises in locally-produced organic produce. Several out-of-town retail parks exist, such as Newport Road, Culverhouse Cross, Cardiff Gate and Cardiff Bay.
== Media ==
{{Utama|Media in Cardiff}}
{{See also|Media in Wales}}
Cardiff is the Welsh base for the national television broadcasters ([[BBC Wales|BBC]], [[ITV1 Wales]] and [[S4C]]). Between 2002 and 2009 [http://www.capitaltv.tv Capital TV] served the city, a locally-based free-to-air analogue terrestrial television station operating on a [[Restricted Service Licence]].
[[Fail:Media Wales, Six Park Street, Cardiff 001.jpg|thumb|upright|The [[South Wales Echo]] and [[Western Mail (Wales)|Western Mail]]]]
The headquarters of [[BBC Cymru Wales]] are based in [[Broadcasting House (Cardiff)|Broadcasting House Cardiff]], in [[Llandaff]].
The main local newspaper, the [[South Wales Echo]] and the national paper the [[Western Mail (Wales)|Western Mail]] are based in Park Street in the city centre. ''Capital Times'', ''Cardiff Post'' and the South Wales edition of [[Metro (Associated Metro Limited)|Metro]] are also based and distributed in the city. There are also a number of magazines based in the city including [[Buzz (magazine)|Buzz magazine]], [[Primary Times]] and a monthly Welsh language paper called ''[[Y Dinesydd]]'' (The Citizen).
A number of other radio stations serve the city and are based in Cardiff, including [[Red Dragon FM]], [[Real Radio]], [[BBC Radio Wales]], [[BBC Radio Cymru]], [[Radio Cardiff]], [[Gold (radio)|Gold]] and [[Xpress Radio]]. [[xfm South Wales|Xfm]] started broadcasting from Cardiff on 29 November 2007, making the South Wales region its fourth dedicated area. Transmissions have now been replaced by [[Nation Radio]] which is based in Neath.
[[Google street view|Google Street View]] is now available throughout Cardiff. The introduction of this was controversial at the time, but an online poll has since voted the Millennium Stadium to be one of six locations in the UK to be specially photographed and made available on Google Street View as a 360-degree virtual tour.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/8149329.stm|title=BBC News Locations|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=2009-07-21 | date=2009-07-14}}</ref> This new media has been quickly adopted by local companies to be incorporated in their websites. CPS Homes ([http://www.cpshomes.co.uk property agent in Cardiff]) became the first Cardiff letting agents to use Google Street View to showcase houses online.
=== Penggunaan dalam media ===
Cardiff, along with [[London]], is one of the most-visited locations in the new series of ''[[Doctor Who]]'', due to the programme being produced by [[BBC Wales]] there. The spin-off ''[[Torchwood]]'' is set exclusively in Wales, with all but [[Countrycide|one episode]] being mainly set in Cardiff.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/southeast/sites/cardiff/torchwood.shtml|title=Torchwood Locations|publisher=BBC Wales|accessdate=2008-10-25}}</ref> In both programmes, a "[[Cardiff Rift|time rift]]" transects the city, with specific focus on [[Roald Dahl Plass]] and the [[Wales Millennium Centre]]. In "[[Boom Town (Doctor Who)|Boom Town]]" and "[[Utopia (Doctor Who)|Utopia]]", the rift's recent activity is used to fuel the TARDIS, while in ''Torchwood'', the [[Torchwood Institute|eponymous secret agency]] is based under the paving. Parts of "[[Gavin and Stacey]]", "[[The Worst Witch (TV Series)|The Worst Witch]]", "[[Tracy Beaker]]", "[[Merlin (TV Series)|Merlin]]", and other popular television series are also filmed within Cardiff.
Cardiff was referenced by [[Tom Jones (singer)|Tom Jones]] in the [[Tim Burton]] film ''[[Mars Attacks!]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.script-o-rama.com/movie_scripts/m/mars-attacks-script-transcript-burton.html|title=Mars Attacks Script - Dialogue Transcript|accessdate=2008-06-04}}</ref> and was the setting for several scenes in the film ''[[Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.moria.co.nz/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1511Itemid=1|title=Frankenstein Meets The Wolf Man - review|publisher=Moria|accessdate=2008-10-25}}</ref> It is the setting for the 1999 film "[[Human Traffic]]".<ref>[http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0188674 ''Human Traffic'' at the [[Internet Movie Database]]]</ref> Cardiff is also the birthplace of Dalek creator [[Terry Nation]] and popular children's author [[Roald Dahl]], for whom the [[Roald Dahl Plass]] outside the Wales Millennium Centre is named.
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== Sukan ==
{{Utama|Sport in Cardiff}}
{{See also|Rugby in Cardiff|List of stadia in Wales by capacity}}
[[Fail:Millennium Stadium at dusk.JPG|thumb|The [[Millennium Stadium]], Cardiff ({{lang-cy|Stadiwm y Mileniwm}}),<br />on the bank of the [[River Taff]]]]
[[Fail:Milleniumstadiumcardiff2.jpg|thumb|Inside the Millennium Stadium]]
Cardiff plays host to many high-profile sporting events at local, national and international level and in recognition of the city's commitment to sport for all Cardiff has been awarded the title of European City of Sport 2009.<ref name="Uni 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.cardiff.ac.uk/for/prospective/pg/life/cardiff/index.html ref|publisher=Cardiff University|date=2007-11-02|title=Cardiff - The City|accessdate=2009-06-28|work=Cardiff University website}}</ref><ref name="Cardiff Council 1">{{cite web|title=Cardiff - Home, Sport Cardiff, Sport.Cardiff|url=http://www.cardiff.gov.uk/sport/|accessdate=2009-06-28|publisher=Cardiff Council|date=2009-05-27|work=Cardiff Council's website}}</ref><ref name="Cardiff Council 2">{{cite web|title=Cardiff - Home, European City of Sport, European City of Sport 2009|url=http://www.cardiff.gov.uk/content.asp?nav=2868%2C2966%2C5535&parent_directory_id=2865|accessdate=2009-06-29|publisher=Cardiff Council|date=2009-06-01|work=Cardiff Council's website}}</ref> Organised sports have been held in the city since the early 19th century.<ref name="Arms Park 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.cricinfo.com/glamorgan/content/story/60134.html|publisher=ESPN EMEA Ltd.|date=2005-01-06|title=Cricinfo.com|accessdate=2009-06-26|work=ESPN Cricinfo website}}</ref>
===Rugby===
[[Cardiff Arms Park]] ({{lang-cy|Parc yr Arfau Caerdydd}}), in central Cardiff, is among the world's most famous venues—being the scene of three [[Wales national rugby union team|Welsh]] [[Grand Slam (rugby union)|Grand Slams]] in the 1970s ([[1971 Five Nations Championship|1971]], [[1976 Five Nations Championship|1976]] and [[1978 Five Nations Championship|1978]]) and six [[Six Nations Championship|Five Nations]] titles in nine years—and was the venue for Wales' games in the [[1991 Rugby World Cup]].<ref name="Arms Park 2">{{cite web|url=http://www.cardiff-rfc.co.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=31&Itemid=68|publisher=Cardiff Rugby Football Club|date=2007-11-02|title=Cardiff RFC - CRFC History|accessdate=2009-06-26|work=Cardiff RFC website}}</ref><ref name="rwc 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.rwc2007.irb.com/destinationFrance/venues/venue=1/stadium.html
|publisher=RWCL|year=2007|title=RWC 2007 - The Millennium Stadium|accessdate=2009-06-27|work=2007 RWCL website}}</ref><ref name="Arms Park 3">{{cite web|url=http://www.viamichelin.be/viamichelin/gbr/dyn/controller/Datasheet/4fef4a879fbee938b9416dcacea56b3b/125195/Cardiff%20or%20the%20pride%20of%20being%20Welsh!
|publisher=ViaMichelin SAS|year=2009|title=Cardiff or the pride of being Welsh!|accessdate=2009-06-28|work=ViaMichelin website}}</ref><ref name="Arms Park 4">{{cite web|url=http://guides.travelchannel.com/cardiff/business-travel/personal-business/public-access-sports-grounds/386235.html
|publisher=The Travel Channel L.L.C.|year=2009|title=Cardiff travel guide: Cardiff vacation ideas:Travel Channel|accessdate=2009-06-28|work=Travel Channel website}}</ref> The Arms Park has a sporting history dating back to at least the 1850s, when Cardiff Cricket Club (formed 1819) relocated to the site.<ref name="Arms Park 1"/> The ground was donated to Cardiff CC in 1867 by the [[John Crichton-Stuart, 3rd Marquess of Bute|Marquess of Bute]]. Cardiff Cricket Club shared the ground with Cardiff Rugby Football Club (founded 1876)—forming [[Cardiff Athletic Club]] between them—until 1966, when the cricket section moved to Sophia Gardens. Cardiff Athletic Club and the [[Welsh Rugby Union]] established two stadia on the site—Cardiff RFC played at their stadium at the northern end of the site, and the [[Wales national rugby union team]] played international matches at the National Stadium, Cardiff Arms Park, which opened in 1970. The National Stadium was replaced by the 74,500 capacity [[Millennium Stadium]] ({{lang-cy|Stadiwm y Mileniwm}}) in 1999—in time for the [[1999 Rugby World Cup]]—and is home stadium to the [[Wales national rugby union team|Wales national rugby]] and [[Wales national football team|football]] teams for international matches.<ref name="Arms Park 1"/><ref name="Arms Park 2"/><ref name="Mileniwm 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.millenniumstadium.com/information/facts_and_figures.php|publisher=Millennium Stadium plc|year=2009|title=Millennium Stadium:Information:About the Venue:Facts&Figures|accessdate=2009-06-25|work=Millennium Stadium website}}</ref><ref name="Mileniwm 2">{{cite web|url=http://www.millenniumstadium.com/history/index.php|publisher=Millennium Stadium plc|year=2009|title=Millennium Stadium:Information:Stadium History:Stadium History|accessdate=2009-06-29|work=Millennium Stadium website}}</ref> In addition to Wales' [[Six Nations Championship]] and other international games, the Millennium Stadium held four matches in the [[2007 Rugby World Cup]] and six FA Cup finals (from the [[FA Cup 2001–02|2001–02]] to [[FA Cup 2005–06|2005–06]] seasons) while [[Wembley Stadium]] was being rebuilt.<ref name="rwc 1"/>
The [[Cardiff Blues]] ({{lang-cy|Gleision Caerdydd}})—one of Wales' four professional, regional, rugby union teams—compete in the [[Celtic League (rugby union)|Magners League]] (formally the Celtic League, this league includes teams from the [[Celtic nations]] of Ireland, Scotland and Wales), the European [[Heineken Cup]] and the Anglo-Welsh [[EDF Energy Cup]], which they won in the [[2008–09 EDF Energy Cup|2008–09 season]].<ref name="Sophia 1"/><ref name="Celtic 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.magnersleague.com/history/season_0102.php|publisher=Magners League|date=2009-06-26|title=Magners League: History:Season 2001-2002|accessdate=2009-06-26|work=Magners League website}}</ref> The region played their home games at [[Cardiff Arms Park]] from their formation in 2003 until the end of the 2008–09 season, although some of their bigger games have been played at the Millennium Stadium. Cardiff Blues' new home is the [[Cardiff City Stadium]], which is owned by Cardiff City F.C.<ref name="Blues 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.cardiffblues.com/4137_4115.php
|publisher=Cardiff Blues|date=2009-06-24|title=Cardiff Blues : Stadium News|accessdate=2009-06-26|work=Cardiff Blues website}}</ref> Two of Cardiff's rugby union club sides play in the [[Welsh Premier Division]]: [[Cardiff RFC]], founded in 1876, will continue to play their games at their Cardiff Arms Park stadium; and [[Glamorgan Wanderers RFC]] (founded 1893) play in the [[Cardiff West|western]] Cardiff suburb of [[Ely, Cardiff|Ely]].<ref name="Blwyddyn">{{cite book|last=Jenkins|first=Vivian|authorlink=Vivian Jenkins|title=Rothmans Rugby Yearbook 1981-82|publisher=Lion Books|year=1981|location=Kidderminster|isbn=0-90757-405-X
|page=10}}</ref> Other Cardiff based rugby union teams include [[UWIC RFC]], (who play in [[WRU Division One East]]) and the [[WRU Division Three South East]] teams of [[Llandaff North RFC]], [[Llanishen RFC]] and [[St. Peters RFC]]. Cardiff's [[rugby league]] team, the [[Cardiff Demons]], play at St. Albans RFC's ground in [[Tremorfa]], in the [[Rugby League Conference Welsh Premier]] league.
[[Fail:New Cardiff City stadium 20080807.jpg|thumb|[[Cardiff City stadium]] during construction]]
===Bola sepak===
[[Cardiff City F.C.]] (founded 1899 as Riverside FC) played their home games at [[Ninian Park]] from 1910 until the end of the 2008–09 season. The Bluebirds' (as Cardiff City are known) new home is the [[Cardiff City Stadium]], which they rent to the Cardiff Blues. Cardiff City have played in the English [[The Football League|Football League]] since the 1920–21 season, climbing to Division 1 after one season.<ref name="Blues 1"/><ref name="1927 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/page/ClubHistory/0,,10335~61928,00.html
|publisher=Cardiff City Football Club & FL Interactive|date=2004-11-17|title=Cardiff City - Club - Club History - Club History - The Foundations and Early Y|accessdate=2009-06-26|work=Cardiff City FC website}}</ref><ref name="1927 2">{{cite web|url=http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/page/ClubHistory/0,,10335~61930,00.html
|publisher=Cardiff City Football Club & FL Interactive|date=2004-11-17|title=Cardiff City - Club - Club History - Club History - The Roaring Twenties|accessdate=2009-06-26|work=Cardiff City FC website}}</ref> Cardiff City are the only non-English team to have won the [[FA Cup|The Football Association Challenge Cup]], beating [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal]] in the [[1927 FA Cup Final|1927 final]] at [[Wembley Stadium (1923)|Wembley Stadium]].<ref name="1927 2"/> The Bluebirds were runners up to [[Portsmouth F.C.|Portsmouth]] in the [[2008 FA Cup Final|2008 final]], losing 1–0 at the new Wembley Stadium.<ref name="1927 3">{{cite web|url=http://www.cardiffcityfc.co.uk/page/ClubHistory/0,,10335~61926,00.html
|publisher=Cardiff City Football Club & FL Interactive|date=2004-11-17|title=Cardiff City - Club - Club History - Club History - Club Honours and History|accessdate=2009-06-26}}</ref> Cardiff City currently play in the [[Football League Championship]], the highest division of [[The Football League]] and second-highest division overall in the [[English football league system]], after the [[Premier League]].<ref name="1927 4">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/teams/c/cardiff_city/default.stm|publisher=BBC|date=2009-06-26|title=BBC SPORT - Football-My Club-C-Cardiff|accessdate=2009-06-26|work=BBC News website}}</ref> Cardiff has numerous smaller clubs including [[Grange Harlequins A.F.C.]], [[UWIC Inter Cardiff F.C.]], [[Cardiff Corinthians F.C.]] and [[Ely Rangers A.F.C.]] who all play in the [[Welsh football league system]].<ref name="Peldroed 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.welshleague.org.uk/directory_of_clubs.htm|publisher=The Welsh Football League|year=2009|title=Directory of Clubs|accessdate=2009-06-26|work=Welsh League website}}</ref>
===Cricket===
[[Fail:SWALEC Stand.jpg|thumb|SWALEC Stadium]]
[[Glamorgan CCC|Glamorgan County Cricket Club]] have competed as a first class county since 1921. Their headquarters and ground is the [[SWALEC Stadium]], [[Sophia Gardens]], since moving from Cardiff Arms Park in 1966. The Sophia Gardens stadium underwent a multi-million pound improvement since being selected to host the first [[England cricket team|‘England’]] v [[Australia national cricket team|Australia]] [[Test cricket|Test Match]] of the [[Australian cricket team in England in 2009|2009 Ashes series]].<ref name="Arms Park 1"/><ref name="Sophia 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/2009/06/17/what-the-ashes-could-do-for-cardiff-91466-23894940/
|publisher=Media Wales Ltd|date=2009-06-17|title=WalesOnline - News - Wales News - What the Ashes could do for Cardiff|accessdate=2009-06-26|work=WalesOnline website}}</ref>
===Boxing===
Cardiff has a long association with boxing, from [[Jim Driscoll|'Peerless' Jim Driscoll]]—born in Cardiff in 1880—to more recent, high profile fights staged in the city.<ref name="Peerless 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.newtown-cardiff.org.uk/page11.htm|publisher=Newtown Association|year=2000|title=Untitled Normal Page|accessdate=2009-06-28|work=Newtown Association website}}</ref> These include the [[World Boxing Council|WBC]] [[Lennox Lewis]] vs. [[Frank Bruno]] [[heavyweight]] championship fight at the Arms Park in 1993, and many of [[Joe Calzaghe]]'s fights, between 2003 and 2007, including his victories over [[Joe Calzaghe vs. Mikkel Kessler|Mikkel Kessler]]—in the [[super middleweight]] reunification bout at the Millennium Stadium, Calzaghe retaining his [[World Boxing Organization|WBO]] title and winning the [[World Boxing Association|WBA]] and [[World Boxing Council|WBC]] world titles from [[Mikkel Kessler|Kessler]]—and over [[Juan Carlos Giménez Ferreyra]]—retaining his WBO title at [[Cardiff Castle]].<ref name="Mileniwm 2"/><ref name="BBC Castell">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/boxing/2200467.stm BBC|publisher=BBC|date=2002-08-17|title=BBC SPORT:Boxing:Calzaghe king of Cardiff|accessdate=2009-06-28|work=BBC Sport website}}</ref>
===International Sports Village===
[[Fail:Cardiff International Pool 001.jpg|thumb|[[Cardiff International Pool]] at the [[Cardiff International Sports Village|International Sports Village]], Cardiff Bay]]
The [[1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games|1958 Commonwealth Games]] were hosted by Cardiff. The Games involved 1,130 athletes from 35 national teams competing in 94 events.<ref name="Empire 1958">{{cite web|url=http://www.commonwealthgames.org.au/Templates/Games_PastGames_1958.htm
|publisher=Australian Commonwealth Games Association|year=2007|title=ACGA Past Games 1958|accessdate=2009-06-25|work=Australian Commonwealth Games Association website}}</ref> One of the venues for those Games—The Wales Empire Swimming Pool—was demolished in 1998 to make way for the the Millennium Stadium. The GBP32m [[Cardiff International Pool]] in [[Cardiff Bay]], opened to the public on 12 January 2008—part of the GBP1bn [[Cardiff International Sports Village|International Sports Village (ISV)]]—is the only Olympic-standard swimming pool in Wales. When complete, the ISV complex will provide Olympic standard facilities for sports including [[boxing]] and [[fencing]], [[gymnastics]], [[judo]], [[white water]] events (including [[Whitewater canoeing|canoeing]] and [[Whitewater kayaking|kayaking]]) and [[wrestling]] as well as a [[snow dome]] with real snow for [[skiing]] and [[snowboarding]], an [[Cardiff Arena|Arena]] for public [[ice skating]] and [[ice hockey]] and an hotel.<ref name="Pool 1">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/south_east/7184798.stm|publisher=BBC|date=2008-01-12|title=BBC NEWS - Wales - South East Wales - £32m world-class pool is opened|accessdate=2009-06-26|work=BBC News website}}</ref><ref name="ISV 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/2009/03/21/cardiff-new-ice-rink-to-be-complete-by-2011-says-berman-91466-23201169/publisher=Media Wales Ltd|date=2009-03-21|title=WalesOnline - News - Wales News - Cardiff new ice rink to be complete by 2011|accessdate=2009-06-26|work=WalesOnline website}}</ref> Cardiff's professional ice hockey team, the [[Cardiff Devils]], play in the temporary [[Cardiff Arena]] in the ISV. Some of the sports facilities at the ISV will be used as training venues for the [[London 2012 Olympics]].<ref name="ISV 2">{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/london_2012/7275423.stm|publisher=BBC|date=2008-03-03|title=BBC SPORT - Olympics & Olympic sport - London 2012 - Olympic training venues - Wales|accessdate=2009-06-26|work=BBC News website}}</ref>
===Motor racing===
[[Fail:GB Rally December 2006.jpg|thumb|A stage of Wales Rally GB, hosted inside the [[Millennium Stadium]]]]
The Millennium Stadium also hosts motorsport events such as the [[World Rally Championship]], as part of [[Wales Rally GB]]. The first ever indoor special stages of the World Rally Championship were held at the Millennium Stadium in September 2005 and have been an annual event until 2008.<ref name="Rali 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/2009/04/15/funding-withdrawl-threatens-wales-raly-gb-91466-23393717/|publisher=Media Wales Ltd|date=2009-04-15|title=WalesOnline - News -Wales News - Funding withdrawal threatens Wales Rally GB|accessdate=2009-06-25|work=WalesOnline website}}</ref> [[Motorcycle speedway|Speedway]] was staged at Cardiff's White City Greyhound Stadium from 1928 until World War II. The sport returned to the city in 1951, at a purpose built stadium in Penarth Road but the track closed mid season 1953. The team, known as the [[Cardiff Dragons]], raced in the National League Division Three in 1951 and 1952 and in the Southern League in 1953. Speedway returned to the city in 2001, when the [[Speedway Grand Prix of Great Britain|British Speedway Grand Prix]], one of the World Championship events, moved in to the Millenium Stadium.<ref name="Mileniwm 2"/> While the track—a temporary, purpose built, shale oval—is not universally loved, the venue is considered the best of the World Championship's 11 rounds.<ref name="Speedway 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/sports/motor-sport/2008/06/30/moto-stars-put-boot-into-millennium-stadium-track-91466-21172356/|publisher=Media Wales Ltd|date=2008-06-30|title=WalesOnline - Sports - Motor Sport - Moto:Stars put boot into Millenium Stadi|accessdate=2009-06-255|work=WalesOnline website}}</ref>
===Athletics===
The [[Cardiff International Sports Stadium]], opened 19 January 2009, replacing the [[Cardiff Athletics Stadium]]—demolished to make way for the Cardiff City Stadium—is a 4953 capacity, multi sport/special event venue, offering fully certificated international [[athletics (track and field)|track and field athletics]] facilities, including an international standard external throws area.<ref name="Stadiwm 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/2009/01/20/jacko-back-to-his-roots-to-open-city-s-new-sports-arena-91466-22731611/|publisher=Media Wales Ltd.|date=2009-01-20|title=WalesOnline - News - Wales News - Jacko back to his roots to open city’s new sports arena|accessdate=2009-06-275|work=WalesOnline website}}</ref><ref name="Stadiwm 2">{{cite web|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/rugbynation/cardiff-blues/2007/11/15/end-of-an-era-for-city-landmark-91466-20112288/|publisher=Media Wales Ltd.|date=2007-11-15|title=WalesOnline - Rugby Nation - Blues - End of an era for city landmark|accessdate=2009-06-275|work=WalesOnline website}}</ref><ref name="Stadiwm 3">{{cite web|url=http://www.cardiff.gov.uk/content.asp?nav=2868,2967,3001,4662,4664&id=3299&Positioning_Article_ID=&Language=&parent_directory_id=2865&d1p1=1
|publisher=Cardiff Council|date=2009-05-29|title=Cardiff - Home, Cardiff International Sports Stadium|accessdate=2009-06-275|work=Cardiff Council website}}</ref> The stadium houses the Headquarters of [[Welsh Athletics]], the sport's governing body for Wales.<ref name="Stadiwm 4">{{cite web|url=http://www.welshathletics.org/about-us/contact-us/|publisher=Welsh Athletics Ltd.|year=2007|title=Welsh Athletics - Contact Us|accessdate=2009-06-275|work=Welsh Athletics website}}</ref> The city's indoor track and field athletics sports venue is the [[National Indoor Athletics Centre]], an international athletics and multi sports centre at the [[University of Wales Institute, Cardiff]] Campus, [[Cyncoed]].<ref name="Stadiwm 5">{{cite web|url=http://www3.uwic.ac.uk/english/businessservices/conferenceservices/pages/niac.aspx|publisher=University of Wales Institute, Cardiff - Athrofa Prifysgol Cymru, Caerdydd|year=2009|title=National Indoor Athletics Centre|accessdate=2009-06-275|work=Uwic website}}</ref>
===Sailing===
Cardiff is host to two Yacht Clubs:
*Cardiff Yacht Club (CYC) (founded 1900) has a clubhouse in [[Butetown]], Cardiff Bay, complete with moorings, a pontoon system and a slipway for launching dinghies. CYC organise events, including [[yachting]], [[dinghy sailing]], [[dragon boat|dragon boat race]], fishing and [[angling]] competitions, in the freshwater Cardiff Bay, in the [[River Severn|Severn]] and on the 'high seas'.
*Cardiff Bay Yacht Club (CBYC) (founded 1932) was originally founded as Penarth Motor Boat and Sailing Club, but changed to Cardiff Bay Yacht Club in 1999. The club sits within Cardiff's International Sports Village and boats an extensive pontoon system, moorings and two slipways. Activities include [[yacht racing]], [[Cruising (maritime)|Yacht Crusiig]], [[dinghy sailing]], [[dinghy racing]] and [[fishing]]
[[Royal Yachting Association]] recognised training is provided through a number of Training establishments around the city, with the notable ones being:
*Llanishen Sailing Centre, a local authority run facility which has been providing RYA training in Cardiff for almost 30 years<ref name="LSC">{{cite web|url=http://www.cardiff.gov.uk/content.asp?Parent_Directory_id=2865&nav=2868,2967,3001,4662,4666|publisher=Cardiff County Council|date=2009-09-21|title=Llanishen Sailing Centre|accessdate=2009-06-26|work=Cardiff Couonty Council website}}</ref>
*Cardiff Bay Yacht Club's Training Centre, which offers tuition to both club members & the public.
*[[Cardiff University#Facilities|Cardiff University Sailing Club]], based at the CYC since 2004.<ref name="CYC">{{cite web|url=http://www.cardiffyachtclub.org/cardiffuni.htm|publisher=Cardiff Yacht Club|date=2009-05-14|title=Cardiff Yacht Club|accessdate=2009-06-26|work=Cardiff Yacht Club website}}</ref>
===Canoeing and Kayaking===
The £13.3m Olympic-standard [[Cardiff International White Water]] opens on 27 March 2010 at the [[Cardiff International Sports Village]] and features a 250m white water course as well as other activities and facilities.
===Cycling===
[[Fail:Maindy Pool & Cycle Track.jpg|thumb|Maindy Pool (top left)<br /> and Cycle Track]]
The [[Maindy Centre]] ({{lang-cy|Canolfan Maendy}}) includes a [[cycle track]] and indoor swimming pool facility in [[Maindy]]. The cycle track was another of the venues used in the [[1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games]] and the swimming pool opened in 1993.<ref name="Council 2">{{cite web|url=http://www.cardiff.gov.uk/content.asp?Parent_Directory_id=2865&nav=2868,2967,3001,4662,3717|date=2009-04-09|title=Cardiff - Home, Maindy Centre|publisher=Cardiff Council|accessdate=2009-06-27|work=Cardiff Council website}}</ref><ref name="Run trac 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.runtrackdir.com/details.asp?track=cardiff-m|date=2002-06-29|title=Maindy Stadium|publisher=UK Running Track Directory - Tim Grose|accessdate=2009-06-27|work=UK Running Track Directory}}</ref>
===Baseball===
Cardiff is the one of the centres of [[British Baseball]] and hosts the annual Wales vs England international game every other year, usually at [[Roath Park]], although the 2008 game—marking the centenary of the fixture between the two countries—was held in [[Llanrumney]]. Wales won the encounter again, having not lost to England, home or away, since 1995.<ref name="Baseball 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/southeast/sites/sport/pages/baseball.shtml|publisher=BBC|date=2006-08-30|title=BBC - South East Wales Sport - Baseball|accessdate=2009-06-28|work=BBC South East Wales}}</ref><ref name="Baseball 2">{{cite web|url=http://www.welshbaseball.co.uk/international_3.html|publisher=Welsh Baseball|year=2009|title=International baseball|accessdate=2009-06-28|work=Welsh Baseball website}}</ref>
===Basketball===
The [[Cardiff Celts]] basketball team (formed 1964) compete in the [[English Basketball League]], Division 1. The Celts play their home games at the Welsh Institute of Sport.<ref name="CELTS 1">{{cite web|url=http://celtsbasketball.com/about/index.html|publisher=Celts Basketball|year=2008|title=Celts Basketball - About Us|accessdate=2009-06-27work=Celts Basketball website}}</ref><ref name="CELTS 2">{{cite web|url=http://celtsbasketball.com/news/stories/2008_08_31_newhome.html|publisher=Celts Basketball|year=2008|title=Celts Basketball - News - Celts Find New Home at WIS|accessdate=2009-06-27|work=Celts Basketball website}}</ref>
===Other venues===
[[Fail:Welsh Institute of Sport.jpg|thumb|[[Welsh Institute of Sport]] ({{lang-cy|Athrofa Chwaraeon Cymru}}), [[Sophia Gardens]]]]
The [[Welsh Institute of Sport]] ({{lang-cy|Athrofa Chwaraeon Cymru}}) was established in 1972 to provide facilities to help develop excellence in Welsh sport. The institute has indoor sports halls, next to Glamorgan CCC's SWALEC Stadium in Sophia Gardens. Sports activities in the Main Hall include gymnastics, [[table tennis]], [[trampoline]], [[badminton]], [[netball]], [[basketball]], [[archery]], [[martial arts]], fencing, [[dance]] and boxing. The site also contains [[squash (sport)|squash courts]] and [[weight training]] rooms. Outdoors, the Institute has an international standard permeable artificial pitch, which is one of the home international venues for Welsh [[Field hockey|hockey]]. The pitch is also used for [[lacrosse]] and football. Their outdoor [[tennis]] courts are also used for [[netball]] and [[five-a-side football]]. Welsh national teams that train at the Welsh Institute of Sport include the Welsh National Rugby team (on the Institute's full-size, floodlit rugby pitch), Welsh National Badminton team, the Womans Welsh National Netball Team and the Welsh National Gymnastic Team.<ref name="Athrofa 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.welsh-institute-sport.co.uk/content/public/content/default.asp?ID=4
|publisher=Welsh Institute of Sport|year=2009|title=::The Welsh Institute of Sport:: - Overview and History|accessdate=2009-06-275|work=Welsh Institute of Sport website}}</ref><ref name="Athrofa 2">{{cite web|url=http://www.welsh-institute-sport.co.uk/content/public/content/default.asp?ID=26
|publisher=Welsh Institute of Sport|year=2009|title=::The Welsh Institute of Sport:: - Overview and History|accessdate=2009-06-27|work=Welsh Institute of Sport website}}</ref><ref name="Athrofa 3">{{cite web|url=http://www.welsh-institute-sport.co.uk/content/public/content/default.asp?ID=27
|publisher=Welsh Institute of Sport|year=2009|title=::The Welsh Institute of Sport:: - Overview and History|accessdate=2009-06-27|work=Welsh Institute of Sport website}}</ref>
Gôl is Wales' first purpose built 5 a side football centre. Based in [[Canton, Cardiff|Canton]], there are ten floodlit outdoor 5-a-side courts and one 7-a-side pitch, all using artificial 'Soccer turf'—designed to play and feel like grass.<ref name="Gôl 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.golcentres.co.uk/|publisher=Gol|year=2009|title=Cardiff five a side football : 5 a side football in Cardiff - Gol Centres|accessdate=2009-06-28|work=Canolfannau Pêl-droed Gôl Football Centres website}}</ref><ref name="Gôl 2">{{cite web|url=http://www.golcentres.co.uk/the-pitches/|publisher=Gol|year=2009|title=The Pitches|accessdate=2009-06-28|work=Canolfannau Pêl-droed Gôl Football Centres website}}</ref>
The Ski & Snowboard Centre Cardiff, [[Fairwater, Cardiff|Fairwater]]—managed by the Ski Council of Wales—consists of a floodlit {{convert|100|m|ft|0}} [[Artificial ski slopes|dry ski slope]], with an overhead [[poma]] [[ski lift]] and lubrication roller, to ensure good skiing and snowboarding conditions—even in dry weather.<ref name="Sgio 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.skicardiff.com/|publisher=Ski and Snowboard Centre Cardiff|year=2008|title=Welcome|accessdate=2009-06-28|work=Ski & Snowboard Centre Cardiff}}</ref>
[[Ely Racecourse]] was a major [[horse racing]] venue in Ely, Cardiff, pulling in crowds of 40,000 or more for events such as the [[Welsh National|Welsh Grand National]]—first held at Ely in 1895. Ely Racecourse closed on 27 April 1939, the last race being won by Keith Piggott (father of [[Lester Piggott|Lester]]) on Dunbarney.<ref name="Rasus 1">{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/southeast/sites/cardiff/pages/article_blee.shtml
|publisher=BBC|date=2005-12-05|title=BBC - South East Wales Cardiff - Cardiff's Vanished Racecourse - Brian Lee Reme|accessdate=2009-06-27|work=BBC Wales website}}</ref>
The Millennium Stadium has been selected as one of the football venues for the [[London 2012 Olympics]], according to Chairman of the [[London Organising Committee for the Olympic Games|Organising Committee]], [[Sebastian Coe|Lord Coe]].<ref name="Olympics 2012">{{cite web|url=http://www.walesonline.co.uk/sports/athletics-news/2009/06/06/sebastian-coe-plays-up-wales-involvement-in-the-2012-london-olympics-91466-23802605/|publisher=Media Wales Ltd|date=2009-06-06|title=WalesOnline - Sports - Athletics - Sebastian Coe plays up Wales' involvement in|accessdate=2009-06-25|work=WalesOnline website}}</ref>
-->
{{more}}
== Lihat juga ==
{{portalpar|Wales}}
* [[Cardiff North]]
* [[Cardiff South]]
* [[Cardiff East]]
* [[Cardiff West]]
* [[Cardiff Bay]]
* [[Cardiff city centre]]
* [[Cardiff music scene]]
* [[List of cultural venues in Cardiff]]
* [[List of Parliamentary constituencies in South Glamorgan]]
* [[List of places in Cardiff]]
* [[National Assembly for Wales]]
* [[Big Number Change]]
* [[Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom]]
* [[UK telephone code misconceptions]]
* [[Wikitravel:Cardiff]]
== Rujukan ==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}
== Pautan luar ==
{{sisterlinks|Cardiff}}
* {{dmoz|Regional/Europe/United_Kingdom/Wales/Cardiff}}
* [http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/southeast/sites/cardiff/ Cardiff, BBC]
* [http://www.cardiff.gov.uk/ Cardiff Council site]
* [http://www.openstreetmap.org/?lat=51.4862&lon=-3.1827&zoom=12&layers=B0FT Cardiff in Open Street Map]
* [http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.rss.html?pid=21373 View of Cardiff from Space]
* [http://www.british-history.ac.uk/catalogue.asp?gid=92 Cardiff Records]: the full text of the edition of historical records for Cardiff, edited by J. H. Matthews (1898-1905.) Part of British History Online.
* [http://www.cardiffworld.com/ Cardiff World Site]
* [http://www.cardiffians.co.uk/ Cardiff timeline etc. at Cardiffians.co.uk]
* [http://www.gtj.org.uk/item.php?lang=en&id=413&t=1 Aerial photograph of Cathays Park, Cardiff]
{{clear}}
{{Template group
|title=Cardiff
|list=
{{Cardiff}}
{{Cardiff electoral wards}}
{{Communities of Cardiff}}
{{Wales subdivisions}}
{{UK cities}}
{{LargestUKCities}}
{{List of British Territories capitals}}
{{Commonwealth Games Host Cities}}
}}
[[Kategori:Ibu negeri British]]
[[Kategori:Ibu kota di Eropah]]
[[Kategori:Cardiff| ]]
[[Kategori:Bandar di Wales]]
[[Kategori:Kaunti di Wales]]
[[Kategori:Bandar kaunti Wales]]
[[Kategori:Glamorgan]]
[[Kategori:Bandar tuan rumah Sukan Komanwel]]
[[Kategori:Bandar pelabuhan di United Kingdom]]
[[Kategori:Kawasan pusat Wales]]
[[Kategori:Petempatan pinggir laut di United Kingdom]]
{{Link GA|es}}
[[af:Cardiff]]
[[ar:كارديف]]
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[[az:Kardiff]]
[[id:Cardiff]]
[[bn:কার্ডিফ]]
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[[be:Горад Кардыф]]
[[be-x-old:Кардыф]]
[[bs:Cardiff (Wales)]]
[[br:Kerdiz]]
[[bg:Кардиф]]
[[ca:Cardiff]]
[[cs:Cardiff]]
[[cy:Caerdydd]]
[[da:Cardiff]]
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[[ga:Caerdydd]]
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[[gl:Cardiff - Caerdydd]]
[[ko:카디프]]
[[hy:Քարդիֆ]]
[[hi:कार्डिफ़]]
[[hsb:Cardiff]]
[[hr:Cardiff (Wales)]]
[[io:Cardiff]]
[[os:Кардифф]]
[[is:Cardiff]]
[[it:Cardiff]]
[[he:קארדיף]]
[[ka:კარდიფი]]
[[kk:Кардифф]]
[[kw:Kardydh]]
[[sw:Cardiff]]
[[ht:Kadif]]
[[la:Cardiffa]]
[[lv:Kārdifa]]
[[lt:Kardifas]]
[[lij:Cardiff]]
[[lmo:Cardiff]]
[[hu:Cardiff]]
[[ml:കാർഡിഫ്]]
[[mr:कार्डिफ]]
[[arz:كارديف]]
[[my:ကားဒစ်မြို့]]
[[nl:Cardiff]]
[[ja:カーディフ]]
[[no:Cardiff]]
[[nn:Cardiff]]
[[oc:Cardiff]]
[[pnb:کارڈف]]
[[pms:Cardiff]]
[[nds:Cardiff]]
[[pl:Cardiff]]
[[pt:Cardiff]]
[[ro:Cardiff]]
[[qu:Cardiff]]
[[ru:Кардифф]]
[[sco:Cairdiff]]
[[scn:Cardiff]]
[[simple:Cardiff]]
[[sk:Cardiff]]
[[sl:Cardiff]]
[[ckb:کاردیف]]
[[sr:Кардиф]]
[[fi:Cardiff]]
[[sv:Cardiff]]
[[tl:Cardiff]]
[[ta:கார்டிஃப்]]
[[th:คาร์ดิฟฟ์]]
[[vi:Cardiff]]
[[tr:Cardiff]]
[[uk:Кардіфф]]
[[vls:Cardiff]]
[[war:Cardiff]]
[[zea:Cardiff]]
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