Revision 2572935 of "Pendidikan di Portugal" on mswiki

{{Infobox Education
|country name = Portugal |
|agency image = [[Image:Coat of arms of Portugal.svg|125px]]
|agency = Ministry of Education <sup>1</sup><br>Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education |
|leader titles = Ministers |
|leader names = [[Isabel Alçada]]<br>[[Mariano Gago]] |
|budget = €6.1 billion |
|budget year = 2006 |
|primary languages = [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] |
|system type = Central |
|established events = Origins<br>University Schools<br>Polytechnic Schools<br>Industrial Institutes<br>Polytechnical Institutes<br>Major reorganizations<br>[[Bologna process]]
|established dates = 12th century<sup>2</sup> (established)<br>1290<sup>3</sup> (established)<br>1837 to 1911<sup>4</sup><br>1852 to 1974<sup>5</sup><br>1970s - 1980s<sup>6</sup> (established)<br>1990s and 2000s<sup>7</sup><br>2007<sup>8</sup> (established) |
|literacy year = 2003 |
|literacy total = 92.5 |
|literacy men = 95 |
|literacy women = 90 |
|enroll total = 1,930,645 |
|enroll primary = 767,872 |
|enroll secondary = 766,172 |
|enroll post-secondary = 396,601 |
|attain secondary = 15% |
|attain post-secondary = 9% |
|footnotes = <sup>1</sup>The Ministry of Education covers all education levels except higher education. The Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education is responsible for higher education ([[university]] and [[polytechnic (Portugal)|polytechnic]] subsystems).<br><sup>2</sup>The first [[medieval]] schools were [[catholic church]] related, including the first [[medieval university]] established in 1290.<br><sup>3</sup>The first Portuguese university is established in Lisbon in 1290. It is today's [[University of Coimbra]].<br><sup>4</sup>Two Polytechnic Schools were originally created in 1837 in Lisbon and Porto, and were later merged into the Universities of Lisbon and Porto created in 1911.<br><sup>5</sup>The Industrial Institutes were created in 1852. Discontinued the industrial vocational studies policy, they will gave bird to some of the older schools and institutes that compose today's Polytechnic Institutes. Some [[faculty (university)|faculties]] of Lisbon's universities also originated from the original [[Instituto Industrial de Lisboa]].<br><sup>6</sup>The Polytechnic Institutes were created during the 1970s and 1980s as groups of new and existing institutes and schools.<br><sup>7</sup>Several reforms and reorganizations of the overall educational system were performed, including changes on the polytechnics competences, introduction of new exams in basic and secondary schools, and extensive changes in the curricula of all levels of education.<br><sup>8</sup>The [[Bologna process]] lead to a new wave of reforms and changes in education since the late 1990s onwards, specially in the universities and polytechnics.
}}

'''Pendidikan di Portugal''' ditetapkan oleh Negara hingga dua [[Jabatan (jabatan kerajaan) | jabatan]] - Kementerian Pendidikan, dan Jabatan Sains, Teknologi dan Pendidikan Tinggi. Ada suatu sistem [pendidikan [awam]] dan juga [[swasta sekolah]] banyak pada semua peringkat pendidikan. Yang pertama [[Portugal|Portugis]] [[abad pertengahan universiti]] dicipta pada abad ke-13, dan sistem pendidikan nasional yang lebih tinggi sepenuhnya terintegrasi ke dalam [[Kawasan Pendidikan Tinggi Eropah]]. Kadar [[celik huruf]] dasar penduduk Portugis adalah 93%, namun [[keaksaraan fungsional]] adalah salah satu yang terendah di Eropah. Menurut sumber-sumber rasmi pada tahun 2007, 64% daripada penduduk tidak pernah membaca satu buku saja{{Citation needed|date=March 2011}}; dalam komponen penduduk yang celik huruf fungsional, hanya 17,9% membaca lebih dari dua buku dalam satu tahun (data yang dikumpulkan oleh Marktest untuk [[TSF (radio)|TSF]]). Menurut [[Portugal Statistik|Ine]] (Portugis Institut Statistik Kebangsaan), hanya 3,7 juta pekerja Portugis (67% daripada penduduk yang aktif bekerja) menyelesaikan pendidikan dasar (81% daripada penduduk yang bekerja attainned tahap yang lebih rendah dasar pendidikan dan 12% mencapai tahap menengah pendidikan). Menurut [[OECD]] 's [[Program for International Student Assessment]], (PISA) 2009 Portugis rata-rata 15-tahun tua siswa, ketika dinilai dalam hal matematik keaksaraan membaca, dan pengetahuan ilmu, ditempatkan di tahap yang sama seperti yang pelajar dari Amerika Syarikat, Sweden, Jerman, Ireland, Perancis, Denmark, Inggeris, Hungary dan [[Taipei]], dengan 489 mata (493 adalah rata-rata).<ref name="destak.pt">{{pt icon}} [http://www.destak.pt/artigo/82223-alunos-portugueses-pela-primeira-vez-perto-da-media-relatorio-pisa Alunos portugueses pela primeira vez "perto da média" - relatório PISA], [[Destak]]</ref>

==Catatan dan rujukan==
{{reflist}}

==Sumber==
*[http://www.country-studies.com/portugal/education.html Education in Portugal - country-studies.com]
*[http://www.euroeducation.net/prof/porco.htm Euroeducation.net - Structure of Educational System in Portugal]
*[http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-10902.html country-data.com Portugal - EDUCATION]
*[http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-73302004000300016&lng=en&nrm=iso Funding higher education in Portugal: between State and market, Educ. Soc. vol.25 no.88 special, Campinas Oct. 2004]
*[http://ged.eads.usaidallnet.gov/query/do?_program=/eads/ged/countryUNE&cty=4PRT+&sscode=alls&output=1&submit=Get+Data Selected Statistics for Portugal, SOURCE: UNESCO Institute for Statistics, Global Education Database]
*[http://www.bologna-bergen2005.no/Docs/Portugal/PORTUGAL.PDF NATIONAL REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE BOLOGNA PROCESS (AUGUST 2003)]
*[http://www.engenharia.com.pt/ Engenharia do Séc.XX] (Portuguese)
*[http://jvcosta.planetaclix.pt JVCosta - Higher Education in Portugal] (Portuguese)

==Lihat juga==
* [[Pendidikan tinggi di Portugal]]
* [[Senarai perguruan tinggi dan universiti di Portugal]]
* [[Portugal]]
* [[Penembakan di sekolah]]
* [[Keganasan di sekolah]]
* [[Senarai serangan sekolah-berkaitan]]
* [[Murid mengajar]]

==Pautan luar==
*[http://www.min-edu.pt/ Portuguese Ministry of Education]
*[http://www.mces.pt/ Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education]

{{Life in Portugal}}
{{Education in Europe}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Education In Portugal}}
[[Kategori:Pendidikan di Portugal| ]]

[[en:Education in Portugal]]
[[es:Sistema educativo de Portugal]]
[[pl:Oświata w Portugalii]]
[[pt:Educação em Portugal]]