Revision 3531548 of "Pelacuran lelaki" on mswiki

 [[Image:Samurai kiss.jpg|thumb|[[Miyagawa Isshô]], ''Samurai kisses male actor'',  ca. 1750]]

'''Pelacuran lelaki''' adalah perbuatan atau amalan orang-orang yang menyediakan perkhidmatan seks sama ada lelaki atau wanita sebagai balasan untuk pembayaran. Berbanding dengan wanita pelacur, pekerja seks lelaki telah dikaji jauh lebih rendah oleh penyelidik.<ref>{{harv|Weitzer|2000|p=8}}</ref>

[[Pelacuran|Pelacur]] lelaki yang dikenali dengan pelbagai nama dan [[eufemisme]] termasuk '''pengiring lelaki, [[gigolo]]''' (biasanya membayangkan pelanggan wanita), '''lelaki disewa, penggiat, model''' atau '''tukang urut''' (walaupun tiga lepas tidak selalu merujuk kepada pelacur).<ref>{{cite web|last=Clark |first=Tracy |url=http://www.salon.com/mwt/feature/2009/08/08/male_escorts_hung/ |title=Are they "Hung"? |publisher=Salon |date=8 August 2009 |accessdate=2009-10-17}}</ref> Seorang lelaki yang tidak menganggap dirinya sebagai [[gay]], tetapi yang bersedia untuk melakukan hubungan seks dengan pelanggan lelaki untuk wang, kadang-kadang dipanggil "[[gay-demi-upah]]" atau "perdagangan".

Pelanggan, terutama mereka yang mengambil pelacur di jalan atau di bar, kadang-kadang dipanggil "[[john (pelacuran)|john]]" atau "muslihat".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-25588234|title=BBC News - The escorts who want to rebrand male prostitution as a business|work=BBC News}}</ref> Mereka yang bekerja dalam pelacuran, pelacur terutamanya jalan, kadang-kadang merujuk kepada perbuatan pelacuran sebagai "helah berubah".

==Sejarah==
{{category see also|Pelacuran mengikut negara}}

Male prostitution has been found in almost all modern and ancient cultures.<ref name=Dynes>{{Citation |last=Dynes |first=Wayne R. |chapter=Prostitution |title=Encyclopedia of Homosexuality |pages=Vol 2; pp. 1054–1058 |location=Chicago |publisher=St. James Press |year=1990 |isbn=1-55862-147-4 |nopp=true}}</ref> The practice in the ancient world of men or women selling sexual services in sacred shrines, or [[sacred prostitution]], was attested to be practised by foreign or [[paganism|pagan]] cultures in the [[Hebrew Bible]] or [[Old Testament]].<ref name=Dynes/> Male prostitutes are also attested to in Graeco-Roman culture in the [[New Testament]], amongst many other ancient sources. Some interpreters consider that in one of the Pauline vice lists, [[1 Corinthians]] 6:9–10, one of the words ''malakoi'' ("soft") or ''arsenokoitai'' (a compound of "male" and "bed") refer to male prostitution (or male temple prostitution): this interpretation of ''arsenokoitai'' is followed in the [[New Revised Standard Version]].

The ''Encyclopedia of Homosexuality'' states that in [[ancient Greece]] prostitutes were generally slaves.<!--Removed this segment of the sentence: "as prostitutes could lose their civic rights." as it is unclear what exactly it means (before becoming prostitutes? Because of being prostitutes?) The book cited is now out of print.--><ref name=Dynes/> A well known case is [[Phaedo of Elis]] who was captured in war and forced into slavery and prostitution, but was eventually ransomed to become a pupil of [[Socrates]]; [[Plato]]'s ''[[Phaedo]]'' is told from his perspective. Male brothels existed in both Ancient Greece and [[ancient Rome]].<ref name=Dynes/>

Court records and vice investigations from as early as the 17th century document male prostitution in what is now the United States. With the expansion of urban areas and the aggregation of gay people into communities toward the end of the 19th century, male/male prostitution became more apparent. Around this time, prostitution was reported to have taken place in brothels, such as the Paresis Hall in the [[Bowery]] district of New York and in some gay bathhouses. Solicitation for sex, including paid sex, took place in certain bars between so-called "fairies."<ref>Heather Lee Miller, ''Prostitution, Hustling, and Sex Work''.</ref>

Male street prostitutes solicited clients in specific areas which became known for the trade. Well-known areas for street "hustlers" have included: parts of [[53rd Street (Manhattan)|53rd Street]] in [[New York]]; [[Santa Monica Boulevard]] in [[Los Angeles]]; Forsyth Street in [[Atlanta]],  [[Piccadilly Circus]], in [[London]]; "The Wall" in [[Sydney]]'s [[Darlinghurst, New South Wales|Darlinghurst]]; [[The Drug Store]] and [[Rue Saint Anne]] in [[Paris]]; [[Polk Street|Polk Street Gulch]] in [[San Francisco]]; and [[Taksim Square]] in [[Istanbul]]. Bars such as ''Cowboys and Cowgirls'' and ''Rounds'' in New York, ''Numbers'' in Los Angeles and certain go-go bars in [[Patpong]] [[Thailand]] were popular venues where male prostitutes offered their services.

===Examples===
Young male prostitutes in the [[Edo period]] of [[Japan]] were called [[kagema]]. Their clients were mainly adult men.

In southern areas of Central Asia and Afghanistan,{{When|date=November 2011}} adolescent males between twelve and sixteen years old perform erotic songs and suggestive dancing and are available as sex workers. Such boys are known as [[bacchá]].

In India, a [[hijra (South Asia)|hijra]] is a physically male or [[intersex]] person who may sometimes enter into prostitution. Not all hijras are prostitutes, however, and many consider themselves to have a female identity in a male body and accept this as a sacred condition or gift. A common tradition in India is that Hijras dress as women and dance at weddings, child births, and other celebrations and demand a large amount of money from the owner.

[[Cuba]]n male prostitutes are called [[Jineterismo|jinetero]] – literally "horse jockey"; female prostitutes are called [[jinetera]].

A male sex worker in the [[Caribbean]] who solicits on the beaches and accepts clients of either sex is called a [[Sanky-panky]].

==Present-day male prostitution==
The following categorization of the male prostitute is not exhaustive:
[[File:A_popular_"Peep_Show"_along_St_Catherine_street_in_Montreal's_Gay_Village..jpg|thumb|A "Peep Show" along St Catherine street in Montreal's Gay Village.]]
[[File:Transvestit strassenstrich.JPG|thumb||Male [[transvestite]] soliciting on the roadside (Germany).]]

===Online===
Professional escorts (indoor sex workers) often advertise on male escorting websites, usually either independently or through an [[escort agency]].  A study comparing male and female escorts, by Juline Koken and her colleagues, found that male escorts share many similarities with female escorts, but also have some significant differences.

===Streets, bars, and clubs===
Most big cities have one or more areas where male street prostitutes regularly make themselves available to potential clients who drive by in cars. Such an area may have a locally-known informal name. These areas tend to be risky for both the client and the prostitute, from a legal perspective when it is in a region where street prostitution or [[solicitation]] is prohibited by law, or also from a safety perspective. These areas may be targets for surveillance and arrests by law enforcement. Some male prostitutes solicit potential clients in other public spaces such as bus terminals, parks and rest stops.

===Bathhouses and sex clubs===
Male prostitutes may attempt to work in [[gay bathhouse]]s, [[sex shop|adult bookstores]] or [[sex club]]s, but prostitution is usually prohibited in such establishments, and known prostitutes are often banned by management. However, in some places it is overlooked in order to keep the flow of business.{{citation needed|date=September 2012}}

===Male brothels===
A male prostitute may work in a male [[brothel]], also known in some places as a "stable." This is common in South-East Asia and is also found in some towns and cities elsewhere.

The [[Cleveland Street scandal]] featured a [[London]] male brothel frequented by aristocrats, in 1889, when male homosexuality was illegal in the United Kingdom, as brothels still are. In her biography, ''The First Lady'', [[April Ashley]] quotes her ex-husband, the late [[Arthur Corbett, 3rd Baron Rowallan|Hon. Arthur Corbett (later 3rd Baron Rowallan)]], who worked in the [[City of London]], but was addicted to [[cross-dressing]], as telling her in 1960: "There's a male brothel, I pay the boys to dress me up, then masturbate me."<ref>{{cite book |ISBN= 1-84454-231-9 |title=The First Lady |author= April Ashley with Douglas Thompson |location= London |publisher= John Blake Publishing Ltd |year= 2006 |page= 160}}</ref> Acts of male homosexuality were not [[LGBT rights in the United Kingdom#Decriminalisation of homosexual acts: The 1967 Act|legalized in the UK]] until 1967.

In November 2005, [[Heidi Fleiss]] said that she would partner with brothel owner Joe Richards to turn Richards' legal [[Cherry Patch Ranch]] brothel in [[Crystal, Nye County, Nevada|Crystal, Nevada]] into an establishment that would employ male prostitutes and cater exclusively to female customers, a first in Nevada .<ref>{{cite news |first=Jonann |last=Brady |title=Are Women Ready for the 'Stud Farm'? |publisher= ABC News |date=November 18, 2005 |url=http://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=1324585}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Fleiss plans makeover for Nevada brothel |work=Associated Press |date= November 15, 2005 |url=http://www.usatoday.com/life/people/2005-11-16-fleiss_x.htm |publisher=USA Today}}</ref> However in 2009, Fleiss said that she had abandoned her plans to open such a brothel.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lvrj.com/news/39357657.html|title=Heidi Fleiss gives up on plan for brothel for women|work=Las Vegas Review-Journal}}</ref>

In order to work in a [[prostitution in Nevada|legal brothel in Nevada]], a [[Pap test|cervical exam]] is required by law; therefore males are technically not allowed to work as prostitutes. In late 2009, the owner of the [[Shady Lady Ranch]] brothel challenged this provision before the [[Nye County, Nevada|Nye County]] Licensing and Liquor Board and prevailed.<ref>[http://www.lvrj.com/news/brothel-to-get-the-bucks-80777187.html "Brothel to get the bucks"], ''Las Vegas Review-Journal'', 2010-01-06</ref> In January 2010, the brothel proceeded to hire "Markus", a male prostitute who would offer his services to female clients.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sfexaminer.com/nation/nevada-brothel-hires-nations-first-legal-gigolo-prostidude-who-tried-acting-in-porn-films-82360652.html|title=San Francisco Examiner - Breaking News & Bay Area News|work=The San Francisco Examiner}}</ref> Markus left the ranch a few weeks later, in March 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lvrj.com/news/first--prostidude--leaves-shady-lady-ranch-89211477.html |title=First 'prostidude' leaves Shady Lady Ranch - News - ReviewJournal.com |publisher=Lvrj.com |date=2010-03-26 |accessdate=2012-08-13}}</ref>

Until 2009, when it outlawed all prostitution, [[Rhode Island]] was the only U.S. state{{citation needed|date=November 2011}} at that time to allow male sex workers to work legally.<ref name=projo1>{{cite news |author=Arditi, Lynn |title='Behind Closed Doors" How RI Decriminalized Prostitution |url=http://www.projo.com/news/content/PROSTITUTION_LAW31_05-31-09_NVEHGBH_v161.3e90048.html {{Dead link|date=November 2011}}|work=Providence Journal |date=31 May 2009}}</ref> (See [[Prostitution in Rhode Island]].)

In January 2010, a luxurious brothel for gay men was opened in an industrial part of [[Zurich]], the first completely gay brothel in [[Switzerland]].<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.tagesanzeiger.ch/zuerich/stadt/GayBordell-in-Zuerich-eroeffnet/story/23270088|title=Gay-Bordell in Zürich eröffnet|date=2010-01-18|language=German|newspaper=Tages Anzeiger}}</ref>

===Sex tourism===
{{main|Sex tourism}}
====Female sex tourism====
{{main|Female sex tourism}}
Women travel to Southern Europe ([[Italy]], [[Greece]], [[Albania]] and [[Spain]]), to the [[Caribbean Basin]] ([[Jamaica]], [[Barbados]], [[Dominican Republic]], and [[Martinique]]), to parts of [[Africa]] ([[Tunisia]], [[Gambia]] and [[Kenya]]), [[Indonesia]] (specifically [[Bali]]) or [[Thailand]] (specifically [[Phuket (city)|Phuket]]), to enjoy sex tourism.{{Citation needed|date=January 2014}} Lesser-known destinations may include [[Morocco]], [[Fiji]], [[Ecuador]] and [[Costa Rica]].{{Citation needed|date=January 2014}} Women may travel to specific locations to enjoy a holiday and find a "temporary boyfriend" who will fill the roles of sexual partner, dining companion, tour guide, dancing companion/instructor, and will sometimes procure softer illicit drugs like marijuana and ecstasy for his client.{{Citation needed|date=March 2010}} German women frequent [[Sosúa]] in the Dominican Republic, Greece, and Morocco.{{Citation needed|date=January 2014}} A popular destination for the [[Japanese people|Japanese]] is Bali in Indonesia,{{Citation needed|date=January 2014}} while Canadian and Scandinavian females don't appear to favor a specific destination.{{Citation needed|date=January 2014}} Women who spend time with male escorts while on vacation may be any age but are predominantly middle-aged women looking for romance along with their sex.<ref>J. Sánchez Taylor, [http://www.beaumonde.net/weblog/archives/2006_07.shtml "Marking the Margins: Research in the Informal Economy in Cuba and the Dominican Republic"], 1997, ''Discussion Papers in Sociology'', No. S97/1</ref> The rate of [[HIV/AIDS]] and sexually transmitted infections may be relatively high in some Caribbean and African countries which are popular destinations for female sex tourism. Male prostitution has become increasingly visible in [[India]]; male for female service is growing but there have been reported cases where female clients have been blackmailed by gigolos they visited.<ref>{{cite web|author=Kate Muir |url=http://www.itgo.in/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4927&sectionid=1&secid=1 |title=The gigolo tales |publisher=Itgo.in |date=30 June 2008 |accessdate=2009-10-17}}</ref><ref>[http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2006-12-11/india/27798678_1_gigolos-women-boys "Women land in gigolo trap"], ''Times of India'', December 11, 2006</ref>

===Risks===
As in all forms of prostitution, male prostitutes and their clients can face risks and problems. For prostitutes, the risks may include: social stigma; legal/criminal risks; physical abuse; health-related risks, such as the potential risk of [[sexually transmitted disease]]s; rejection by family and friends; [[gay bashing]] (in the case of male-male prostitution); the financial risks that come with having an insecure income; and risks of the mental/emotional effects that come with all of those factors. Teenagers and runaways engaging in sex work have shown to be particularly at risk.

For clients, risks may include: fear of social stigma and family or work problems if their activities with prostitutes do not remain secret; health-related risks; being robbed; or, very rarely, being blackmailed or injured.<ref name=Dynes/> The German fashion designer [[Rudolph Moshammer]], for example, was killed by a man who said that Moshammer had reneged on a promise to pay him for sex.<ref>BBC News, 2005-01-16. [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4179807.stm Man 'confesses' to Munich murder].</ref> If a male prostitute steals from a male client or accepts money without then "putting out" the agreed-upon sexual services, it is sometimes referred to as "rolling a john".

Research suggests that the degree of violence against male prostitutes is somewhat lower than for female sex workers. Men working on the street and younger men appear to be at greatest risk of being victimized by clients. Conversely, the risk of being robbed or blackmailed posed to clients of sex workers appears to be much lower than many imagine. This is especially true when clients hire sex workers through an established agency or when they hire men who have been consistently well reviewed by previous clients.

The [[pimp]] is relatively rare in male prostitution in the West, where most prostitutes generally work independently or, less frequently, through an agency.<ref name=Dynes/>

====Stigma====
Factors like the [[age disparity in sexual relationships|difference in age]], in [[social status]] and in economic status between the sex worker and his client have been cited as major sources of social criticism.<ref name=negatives>See, for example, [http://www.enmp.org/downloads/activity_report_compr.pdf European Network Male Prostitution Activity Report, November 2003], "Practical experiences of Men in Prostitution" (Sweden, Denmark, Stockholm), pp. 23–26: "All [the] interviewed men [in Denmark] are aware of societies’ negative perception of prostitution and do whatever possible to cover up. As a result they live double lives and create more and more distance from close relations and the wider society. Isolation and sufferance from not having anybody to share prostitution experiences with is profound. Some men describe[d] how the clients are their main or only social relation to society, and consider the relations as sexual friendships or the customers as father figures."</ref> Similar social stigma may also be attached to amorous relationships that do not involve direct payment for sexual services, and therefore do not fit the definition of prostitution, but which may be seen by some as a form of "quasi"-prostitution, (in that there is a power imbalance and a reward for companionship or sex). The older member in such relationships may be referred as a "sugar daddy" or "sugar momma"; the young lover may be called a "kept boy" or "boy toy".<ref>see Dynes, ''supra'', for a discussion of the fine line between "kept boys" and prostitution.</ref> Within the gay community, the members of this kind of couple are sometimes called "dad" (or "daddy") and "son" - without implying incest. The social disdain for age/status disparity in relationships is and has been less pronounced in certain cultures at certain historical times.

==Help and support for male sex workers==
[[File:Rich Holcomb and James Waterman displaying the Project Weber poster at the 2010 HIV Prevention Summit in Washington DC..jpg|thumb|[[Richard Holcomb]] and James Waterman displaying the "Project Weber" poster at the 2010 HIV Prevention Summit in Washington, D.C.]]
In the United States and other places, there are few resources and little support readily available for male sex workers working and/or living on the streets.<ref>{{cite web|last=Siegel|first=Joe|title=Do HIV/AIDS Service Organizations Effectively Reach Male Sex Workers?|url=http://www.edgenewengland.com/index.php?id=126242|work=Article in Edge New, Boston, Mass.|accessdate=28 October 2011}}</ref> Men and boys in this situation may face many issues. They may be at a higher risk for health problems and abuse. Male street prostitutes may have issues such as drug addiction. Offering support and health care to such stigmatized people can be difficult due to a reluctance to disclose information about their work to health care professionals, which can also make male prostitutes difficult to identify in order to reach out to.

In recent years, some organizations directed specifically at helping male sex workers have been founded and some studies have begun on this little-studied population. For example, [[Richard Holcomb]], a former sex worker, founded 'Project Weber',<ref>{{cite web|last=Siegel|first=Joe|title=Former Male Prostitute Helps Hustlers Leave R.I. Streets|url=http://www.edgeboston.com/index.php?ch=news&sc=national&sc2=news&sc3=&id=125867|work=Article in Edge New, Boston, Mass.|accessdate=30 November 2011}}</ref> a [[harm reduction]] program in [[Providence, Rhode Island|Providence]], [[Rhode Island]] that offers resources and support to male sex workers living on the streets, including a needle exchange and HIV testing. Holcomb cited the lack of data available on male commercial sex workers in the region as his reason for helping develop a 2010 survey to assess the needs of this population. Project Weber recruited and surveyed 50 male sex workers living on the streets of [[Providence, Rhode Island|Providence]]. Holcomb cited the fact that he and members of his team are former sex workers themselves as one of the primary reasons why they were able to gain access to the men in order to conduct this survey.<ref>{{cite web|last=Goslant|first=Justin|title=Male Prostitution in Providence|url=http://www.theanchoronline.org/news/2011/10/31/male-prostitution-in-providence|work=Article in The Anchor Newspaper.|accessdate=31 October 2011}}</ref> The project says they have gleaned valuable data on male sex workers who work and live on the streets of Providence. Holcomb has also created several documentaries meant to draw attention to the subjects of male street prostitution and drug use.

==Feminist studies==

The topic of male prostitution has been examined by [[feminism|feminist theorists]]. Feminist theorists Justin Gaffney and Kate Beverley stated that the insights gained from research on male sex workers in central [[London]] allowed comparison between the experiences of the 'hidden' population of male prostitutes and the traditionally subordinate position of women in a patriarchal society. Gaffney and Beverley argue that male sex workers occupy a subordinate position in our society which, as with women, is ensured by hegemonic and patriarchal constructs.<ref>Justin Gaffney & Kate Beverley, “Contextualizing the Construction and Social Organization of the Commercial Male Sex Industry in London at the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century,” ‘’Feminist Review’’, No. 67, Sex Work Reassessed (Spring, 2001), pp. 133–141.</ref>
	
==Popular culture==
{{Main|Male prostitution in the arts}}

The male prostitute or hustler is a frequent literary and cinematic [[stereotype]] in the West from the 1960s onwards, especially in movies and books with a [[gay]] perspective, in which he may be a [[stock character]]. The male sex worker is often portrayed either as a tragic figure, as in the film ''[[Mysterious Skin]]'' in which a male prostitute has a history of molestation, or as an impossible object of love or an idealized rebel. Though less frequent in cinema and in novels, the male prostitute with an exclusively female clientele (the "gigolo" or male for female "escort") is generally depicted as less tragic than the gay hustler. The film ''[[My Own Private Idaho]]'', starring [[Keanu Reeves]] and [[River Phoenix]], focuses upon the friendship between two male prostitutes.  [[Rob Schneider]] stars as a gigolo in his slapstick farce ''[[Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo]]'' and [[Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo|its sequel]]. [[Wiktor Grodecki|Wiktor Grodecki's]] controversial film ''[[Mandragora (film)|Mandragora]]'' tells the story of young runaways who are manipulated into the dark underground world of prostitution, drug addiction and AIDS. Another well known movie featuring male prostitutes is ''[[Midnight Cowboy]]''. ''[[The Roman Spring of Mrs. Stone]]'' offers an older woman and a young gigolo in a tragic tryst. The TV series ''[[Hung (TV series)|Hung]]'' is about a Detroit high school basketball coach who, due to  financial pressures, turns to prostitution.

==See also==
{{Portal|Sexuality|LGBT}}
* [[Age of consent]]
* [[Female sex tourism]]
* [[Male promiscuity]]
* [[Prostitution]]
* [[Sex tourism]]

==References==
{{Reflist|35em}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin|colwidth=35em}}<!--Alphabetic-->
*{{Citation |author=Aggleton, Peter |title=Men Who Sell Sex: International Perspectives on Male Prostitution and AIDS |url=http://www.temple.edu/tempress/titles/aggle_reg_print.html |location=Philadelphia |publisher=Temple University Press |isbn=1-56639-669-7|year=1999}}
*{{citation |last=Elias |first=James |year=1998 |title=Prostitution : on whores, hustlers, and johns |publisher=Prometheus |isbn=978-1-57392-229-6 |url=http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/39379620}}
*{{citation |last=Friedman |first=Mack |year=2003 |title=Strapped for cash : a history of American hustler culture |publisher=Alyson Books |isbn=978-1-55583-731-0 |url=http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/51607360}}
*{{citation |last=Itiel |first=Joseph |year=2002 |title=Sex Workers As Virtual Boyfriends |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-56023-191-2 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=2ucUHlUEWb0C}}
*{{citation |last=Itiel |first=Joseph |year=1998 |title=A Consumer's Guide to Male Hustlers |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-7890-0596-0 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=0PA-4hrt_NoC}}
*{{citation |last1=Koken |first1=Juline |last2=Bimbi |first2=David |last3=Parsons |first3=Jeffrey |chapter=Male and Female Escorts: A Comparative Analysis |year=2000 |title=Sex for Sale: Prostitution, Pornography, and the Sex Industry |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-92295-1 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=LEhzBddEcjkC}}
*{{citation |last=Lawrence |first=Aaron |year=2000 |title=The Male Escort's Handbook: Your Guide to Getting Rich the Hard Way |publisher=Late Night Press |isbn=978-0-9667691-1-1 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=6XauPAAACAAJ}}
*{{citation |last=Padilla |first=Mark |year=2007 |title=Caribbean pleasure industry: tourism, sexuality, and AIDS in the Dominican Republic |publisher=University of Chicago Press |isbn=978-0-226-64436-3 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=HVS8GuF7QPUC}}
*{{citation |last=Preston |first=John |year=1994 |title=Hustling: a gentleman's guide to the fine art of homosexual prostitution |publisher=Masquerade Books |isbn=978-1-56333-137-4 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=AeK0AAAACAAJ}}
*{{citation |last=Saunders |first=Dean |year=2008 |title=Nice Work If You Can Get It |publisher=John Blake |isbn=978-1-84454-509-4 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=_t1XGgAACAAJ}}
*{{citation |last=Steward |first=Samuel M. |year=1991 |title=Understanding the male hustler |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1-56024-111-9 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=huJ6UwvZeL4C}}
*{{citation |last=Sycamore |first=Matt Bernstein |year=2000 |title=Tricks and treats: sex workers write about their clients |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-7890-0703-2 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=BMrb5En0_S0C}}
*{{citation |last=Taylor |first=Jacqueline Sánchez |year=1997 |title=Marking the margins : research in the informal economy in Cuba and theDominican Republic |publisher=University of Leicester, Faculty of Social Sciences, Dept. of Sociology |series=Leicester University discussion papers in sociology, no S97/1 |oclc=37157551}}
*{{citation |last=Taylor |first=Jacqueline Sanchez |year=2001 |title=Dollars Are a Girl's Best Friend? Female Tourists' Sexual Behaviour in the Caribbean |publisher=Sage Publications |journal=Sociology |pages=749–764 |volume=35.3 |issn=00380385 |oclc=367611972}}
*{{citation |last=Weitzer |first=Ronald |year=2010 |title=Sex for Sale: Prostitution, Pornography, and the Sex Industry |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-415-92295-1 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=LEhzBddEcjkC}}
*{{citation |last=Weitzer |first=Ronald |year=2011 |chapter=Male Prostitution |editor-first=Clifton |editor-last=Bryant |title=The Routledge Handbook of Deviant Behavior |location=New York |publisher=Routledge}}
*{{citation |last=Lumsden |first=Ian |year=1996 |title=Machos, maricones, and gays: Cuba and homosexuality |publisher=Temple University Press |isbn=978-1-56639-371-3 |url=http://books.google.com/?id=mbH2pWBOZ1YC |page=7}}
{{refend}}

==Pautan luar==

{{DEFAULTSORT:Male Prostitution}}
[[Kategori:Pelacuran lelaki]]
[[Kategori:Industri seks]]
[[Kategori:Jenis pelacur]]