Revision 5195337 of "Perkahwinan sejenis di Australia" on mswiki

{{Same-sex unions}} '''Perkahwinan sejenis di Australia''' telah menjadi sah sejak 9 Disember 2017.  Perundangan untuk membenarkan perkahwinan sejenis, [[Akta Perkahwinan Perubahan (Definisi dan Kebebasan Beragama) 2017|''Akta Perkahwinan Perubahan (Definisi dan Kebebasan Beragama) 2017'']], meluluskan [[Parlimen Australia]] pada 7 Disember 2017 dan menerima [[Persetujuan diraja|persetujuan diraja]] dari [[Gabenor Jeneral Australia|Gabenor Jeneral]] pada hari berikutnya. Undang-undang tersebut berkuat kuasa pada 9 Disember, dengan segera mengiktiraf perkahwinan sejenis di luar negara.  Perkahwinan sejenis seks pertama di bawah undang-undang [[Australia]] telah diadakan pada 15 Disember 2017.<ref name="SSM Note" group="nb">Di Australia, pasangan yang bercadang untuk berkahwin mesti menunggu sekurang-kurangnya satu bulan selepas menandatangani kenyataan niat untuk berkahwin, yang bermakna majlis perkahwinan undang-undang pertama akan berlangsung dari 9 Januari 2018. Walau bagaimanapun, beberapa pasangan seks yang sama berjaya memohon pengecualian daripada tempoh menunggu dan hasilnya, perkahwinan perundangan pertama berlaku pada 15 Disember 2017.</ref> Laluan undang-undang itu mengikuti [[Kaji selidik pos sukarela Australia|kaji selidik pos sukarela]] dari semua orang Australia, di mana 61.6% responden menyokong perkahwinan sejenis.

Lain-lain jenis pengiktirafan untuk pasangan seks yang sama juga boleh didapati. Di bawah undang-undang persekutuan, pasangan seks yang sama juga boleh diiktiraf sebagai [[De facto#Hubungan|hubungan ''de facto'']], yang memberikan kebanyakan hak dan tanggungjawab yang sama yang diberikan kepada pasangan suami isteri, walaupun hak-hak tersebut mungkin sukar untuk menegaskan dan tidak selalu diakui dalam amalan. Walaupun tidak ada skim pendaftaran [[Kesatuan sivil|kesatuan sivil]] atau hubungan di Australia, kebanyakan [[Negeri dan wilayah di Australia|negeri dan wilayah]] telah membuat perundangan untuk kesatuan sivil atau pendaftaran [[Perkongsian domestik|perkongsian domestik]]. Kesatuan sedemikian diiktiraf sebagai hubungan ''de facto'' di bawah undang-undang persekutuan.

Sebelum menyalahi undang-undang, 22 bil berkaitan perkahwinan yang sama diperkenalkan ke Parlimen antara September 2004 dan Mei 2017, yang mana tidak ada undang-undang. Percubaan-percubaan yang gagal ini datang setelah [[Kerajaan Howard]] meminda undang-undang pada bulan Agustus 2004 untuk mengecualikan perkahwinan sejenis. [[Wilayah Ibu Negara Australia]] meluluskan undang-undang perkahwinan yang sama pada bulan Disember 2013, walaupun ini telah dibatalkan oleh [[Mahkamah Tinggi Australia|Mahkamah Tinggi]] atas alasan bahawa undang-undang sedemikian hanya boleh diperkenalkan oleh Komanwel.

==Hubungan ''De facto''==
''Hubungan [[De facto#hubungan|De facto]]'', ditakrifkan dalam ''[[Akta Undang-Undang Keluarga 1975]]'',<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/fla1975114/s4aa.html|title=Family Law Act 1975 - Sect. 4AA|work=austlii.edu.au}}</ref> boleh didapati untuk kedua-dua jantina sejenis dan pasangan lawan jenis. Hubungan 'de facto' menyediakan pasangan yang hidup bersama secara asli dalam negeri dengan banyak hak dan faedah yang sama seperti pasangan suami isteri. Dua orang boleh menjadi pasangan ''de facto'' dengan memasuki hubungan berdaftar (iaitu: kesatuan sivil atau perkongsian dalam negeri) atau oleh penilaian oleh [[Mahkamah Keluarga Australia | Mahkamah Keluarga]] atau [[Mahkamah Persekutuan Litar Australia|Mahkamah Litar Persekutuan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.familycourt.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/fcoaweb/family-law-matters/separation-and-divorce/defacto-relationships/|title=De facto Relationships|work=Family Court of Australia}}</ref> Pasangan yang hidup bersama secara umumnya diiktiraf sebagai hubungan ''de facto'' dan dengan itu dapat menuntut banyak hak dan faedah pasangan suami isteri, walaupun mereka tidak mendaftarkan atau secara rasmi mendokumentasikan hubungan mereka.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lawsociety.com.au/community/publicationsandfaqs/DefactoRelationships/index.htm|title=De facto Relationships|work=The Law Society of New South Wales|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170210044537/https://www.lawsociety.com.au/community/publicationsandfaqs/DefactoRelationships/index.htm|archivedate=10 February 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

==Pendapat awam==
{{main article|Pendapat umum tentang perkahwinan sejenis di Australia}}

Jadual di bawah menunjukkan keputusan tinjauan pendapat yang dilakukan untuk menentukan tahap sokongan untuk pengenalan perkahwinan sesama di Australia.

{| class="wikitable small" style="font-size:85%"
|-
! Tarikh !! Firma !! Sokongan !! Tolak !! Kurang pasti
|-
| Mac 2018 || Essential<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.essentialvision.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Essential-Report_130318.pdf|title=The Essential Report: 13 March 2018|work=Essential Research|date=13 March 2018|accessdate=21 March 2018}}</ref>
| 65% || 26% || 9%
|-
| September - Oktober 2017 || Essential<ref name=EssentialOctober2017>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/oct/04/support-for-marriage-equality-rises-in-guardian-essential-poll|title=Support for marriage equality rises in Guardian Essential poll|first=Katharine|last=Murphy|date=4 October 2017|work=The Guardian|accessdate=4 October 2017}}</ref><ref name=essentialvision.com-4>{{cite web|url=http://www.essentialvision.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Essential-Report_031017.pdf|title=The Essential Report: 3 October 2017|work=Essential Research|date=3 October 2017|accessdate=4 October 2017}}</ref>
| 61% || 32% || 7%
|-
| Ogos - September 2017 || Newgate Research<ref name=NewgateAugust2017>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/political-news/support-for-samesex-marriage-falling-and-no-vote-rising-advocate-polling-shows-20170908-gydnpt.html|title=Support for same-sex marriage falling and 'no' vote rising, advocate polling shows|date=9 September 2017|publisher=Sydney Morning Herald|first1=James|last1=Massola|first2=Michael|last2=Koziol}}</ref>
| 58.4% || 31.4% || 10.2%
|-
| Ogos 2017 || Newspoll<ref name=NewspollAugust2017andSept2016>{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/samesex-marriage-must-protect-religious-freedom-newspoll/news-story/7e944221ff2d4d463f17b0f68f0f9af2?nk=439e2891a87ef1dda742a6f626faa9c3-1505432430|title=Same-sex marriage must protect religious freedom: Newspoll|date=21 August 2017|publisher=The Australian|author=David Crowe}}</ref>
| 63% || 30% || 7%
|-
| Julai 2017 || Essential<ref name=EssentialJuly2017>{{cite web|url=http://www.essentialvision.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Essential-Report_170704.pdf|date=4 July 2017|work=Essential Media Communications|title=The Essential Report: 4 July 2017}}</ref>
| 63% || 25% || 12%
|-
| Julai 2017 || YouGov<ref>{{cite web|url=https://blogs.crikey.com.au/pollbludger/2017/07/13/yougov-fifty-acres-l-np-36-alp-33-greens-12-one-nation-7/|title=YouGov-Fifty Acres: L-NP 36, ALP 33, Greens 12, One Nation 7|date=13 July 2017}}</ref>
| 60% || 28% || 12%
|-
| Februari 2017 || Galaxy<ref>{{cite news|title=New Galaxy poll on marriage equality|date=13 February 2017|url=http://tasmaniantimes.com/index.php?/pr-article/new-galaxy-poll-on-marriage-equality/}}</ref>
| 66% || {{dash}} || {{dash}}
|-
| September 2016 || Newspoll<ref name=NewspollAugust2017andSept2016/>
| 62% || 32% || 6%
|-
| Ogos 2016 || Essential<ref name=EssentialAugust2016>{{cite web|url=http://www.essentialvision.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Essential-Report_160830.pdf|title=The Essential Report: 30 August 2016|date=30 August 2016|work=Essential Media Communications}}</ref>
| 57% || 28% || 15%
|-
| Mac 2016 || Essential<ref name=EssentialMarch2016>{{cite web|url=http://www.essentialvision.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/essential_report_160315.pdf|title=The Essential Report: 15 March 2016|date=15 March 2016|work=Essential Media Communications}}</ref>
| 64% || 26% || 11%
|-
| Mac 2016 || Roy Morgan<ref name=RoyMorganMarch2016andJuly2011>{{cite web|url=http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/6707-australian-views-on-gay-marriage-february-march-2016-201607191635|title=Large majority of Australians (76%) in favour of allowing gay marriage}}</ref>
| 76% || 24% || {{dash}}
|-
| Oktober 2015 || Essential<ref name="octoberessential">{{cite web|url=http://essentialvision.com.au/documents/essential_report_151027.pdf|title=The Essential Report: 27 October 2015 (see pages 9 & 10)|date=27 October 2015|work=Essential Media Communications|access-date=2019-03-26|archive-date=2017-09-18|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170918201613/http://essentialvision.com.au/documents/essential_report_151027.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 59% || 30% || 11%
|-
| Ogos 2015 || Essential<ref name=EssentialAugust2015>{{cite web|url=http://essentialvision.com.au/documents/essential_report_150825.pdf|title=The Essential Report|date=25 August 2015|accessdate=26 August 2015|archive-date=2015-10-23|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151023022839/http://essentialvision.com.au/documents/essential_report_150825.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 60% || 31% || 10%
|-
| Ogos 2015 || Ipsos<ref name=IpsosAugust2015>{{cite web|url=http://ipsos.com.au/labor-lead-increases-after-choppergate-scandal-fairfax-ipsos-poll|title=Labor lead increases after ‘Choppergate’ scandal – Fairfax Ipsos Poll|publisher=Ipsos|date=17 August 2015|accessdate=17 August 2015|archive-date=2015-08-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828015749/http://ipsos.com.au/labor-lead-increases-after-choppergate-scandal-fairfax-ipsos-poll/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 69% || 25% || 6%
|-
| Julai 2015 || ReachTEL<ref name=ReachTELJuly2015>{{cite web|url=https://www.reachtel.com.au/blog/7-news-national-poll-30july2015|title=7 News - National Poll - 30 July 2015|access-date=2019-03-26|archive-date=2019-03-19|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190319095944/https://www.reachtel.com.au/blog/7-news-national-poll-30july2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
| 53.8% || 32.8% || 12.4%
|-
| Jun 2015 || Ipsos<ref name=IpsosJune2015>{{cite web|url=http://www.afr.com/news/politics/fairfaxipsos-poll-gay-marriage-support-at-record-20150614-ghnjhi|title=Fairfax/Ipsos poll: Gay marriage support at record|publisher=Australian Financial Review|author=Phillip Coorey|date=16 June 2015}}</ref>
| 68% || 25% || 7%
|-
| Julai 2014 || Newspoll<ref name=NewspollJuly2014>{{cite web|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/50th-birthday-news/marriage-equality-wins-support-of-two-out-of-three/story-fnmx97ei-1226990227810|title=Marriage equality wins support of two out of three|work=The Australian|author=Natasha Bita|date=July 16, 2014}}</ref>
| 69% || 26% || 6%
|-
| Julai 2014 || Crosby Textor<ref name=CrosbyTextorJuly2014>{{cite web|url=http://www.crosbytextor.com/news/record-support-for-same-sex-marriage/ |title=New poll shows record 72% support for marriage equality |date=15 Jul 2014 |author=Mark Textor |publisher=Crosby Textor Group |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150114043401/http://www.crosbytextor.com/news/record-support-for-same-sex-marriage/ |archivedate=14 January 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
| 72% || 21% || 7%
|-
| Ogos 2013 || Nielson<ref name="poll1">{{cite web|url=http://www.smh.com.au/federal-politics/federal-election-2013/gay-marriage-support-up-but-it-wont-change-poll-20130824-2si1q.html|title=Gay marriage support up but it won't change poll|work=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref>
| 65% || 28% || 7%
|-
| Mei 2013 || Ipsos<ref name=IpsosMay2013>{{cite web|url=http://www.ipsos-na.com/download/pr.aspx?id=12795 |title=Same-Sex Marriage |date=7–21 May 2013 |publisher=Ipsos |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160314051755/http://www.ipsos-na.com/download/pr.aspx?id=12795 |archivedate=14 March 2016 |df=dmy }}</ref>
| 54% || 20% || 26%
|-
| Mei 2013 || Roy Morgan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.roymorgan.com/findings/morgan-poll-may-27-201305270621|title=L-NP 54.5% (down 0.5%) lead down in a week over ALP 45.5% (up 0.5%) after Ford announces it is pulling out of Australia and Swan Services cleaning company closes its doors|date=27 May 2013}}</ref>
| 65% || 35% || {{dash}}
|-
| Ogos 2012 || Galaxy<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/national-affairs/state-politics/poll-shows-support-of-gay-marriage-at-high/news-story/e5d01c4e1fefeaa62dbc78f78159569f|title=Poll shows support of gay marriage at high|date=7 August 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite report|url=http://www.australianmarriageequality.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/GalaxyAug2012.pdf|title=Conscience Vote on SS-M}}</ref>
| 64% || 30% || 5%
|-
| Julai 2011 || Roy Morgan<ref name=RoyMorganMarch2016andJuly2011 />
| 68% || 30% || 2%
|-
| Oktober 2010 || Galaxy<ref name=GalaxyOctober2010>{{cite web|url=http://www.australianmarriageequality.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/Full-Galaxy-Poll-Results-2010.pdf|title=Same-Sex Marriage Study (October 2010)|publisher=|accessdate=5 September 2017}}</ref>
| 62% || 33% || 5%
|-
| Jun 2009 || Galaxy<ref name="July2009">{{cite web|url=http://www.australianmarriageequality.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/Full-Galaxy-Poll-Results-2009.pdf|title=Same Sex Marriage Report (July 2009)|publisher=|accessdate=5 September 2017}}</ref>
| 60% || 36% || 4%
|-
| Jun 2007 || Galaxy<ref name="theage2007">{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/public-backs-gay-unions-equality/2007/06/20/1182019204491.html|title=Public backs gay unions, equality|work=theage.com.au}}</ref>
| 57% || 37% || 6%
|-
| Jun 2004 || Newspoll<ref name=NewspollJune2004>{{cite web|url=http://spinneypress.com.au/books/same-sex-marriage-debate/|title=Same-sex Marriage Debate|work=spinneypress.com.au}}</ref>
| 38% || 44% || 18%
|}

Menurut satu kaji selidik, yang diterbitkan pada akhir Januari 2018 oleh Pusat Penyelidikan Sosial bersama dengan Universiti Kebangsaan Australia, perkahwinan sesama jenis menduduki tempat kejadian paling bersejarah untuk membentuk kehidupan orang Australia. 30% daripada peserta kaji selidik menamakan pengesahan perkahwinan sesama jenis sebagai peristiwa yang paling bersejarah dalam kehidupan mereka, 27% menamakan serangan [[11 September]], 13% menamakan permintaan maaf bekas Perdana Menteri Kevin Rudd kepada orang asli Australia dan 13 % bernama [[Port Arthur pembunuhan beramai-ramai (Australia) | Pembunuhan Port Arthur]].<ref>[http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/same-sex-marriage-ranked-australia-s-most-historic-event-20180123-p4yyrx.html Same-sex marriage ranked Australia's most historic event] ''The Age'', 23 January 2018</ref>

== Lihat juga ==

* [[Undang-undang keluarga Australia]]
* [[Gay dan Lesbian Kingdom of the Coral Sea Islands]]
* [[Hak LGBT di Australia]]
* [[Perkahwinan di Australia]]
* [[Sejarah perkahwinan sejenis di Australia]]
* [[Perkahwinan sejenis di Wilayah Ibu Negara Australia]]
* [[Pengiktirafan kesatuan jantina yang sama di Tasmania]]
* [[Pengiktirafan kesatuan jantina yang sama di Oceania]]

== Nota ==
{{Reflist|group=nb}}

== Rujukan ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Bacaan lanjut ==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{Cite book|title=Going Postal: More Than 'Yes' or 'No'|author1=Eades, Quinn|author2=Vivienne, Son|publisher=The Lifted Brow (Brow Books)|year=2018|isbn=9781925704112|location=Australia|display-authors=etal}}
* {{Cite book|title=Yes Yes Yes: Australia’s Journey to Marriage Equality|author1=Greenwich, Alex|author2=Robinson, Shirleene|publisher=NewSouth Books|year=2018|isbn=9781742235998|location=Australia}}
{{Refend}}

== Pautan luar ==

* [http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1516/SSMarriage Parliament of Australia – Same-sex marriage: issues for the 44th Parliament] – ''publication detailing the same-sex marriage issue in Australia and recent developments''
* [https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1718/Quick_Guides/SSMarriageBills Parliament of Australia – Chronology of same-sex marriage legislation] – ''extensive timeline of same-sex marriage related legislation introduced in the Australian Parliament''

{{LGBT in Australia}} {{Status of same-sex unions}}{{Portal bar|Australia|LGBT|Politik|Transjantina}}