Difference between revisions 277898 and 282069 on newiki

[[Image:himalaya annotated.jpg|thumb|right|[[अन्तराष्ट्रिय स्पेश स्टेशन]]बाट [[चो यु]], [[ल्होत्से]], [[मकालु]] र [[सगरमाथा]] देखिंदै]]
[[File:Flight over himalaya annotated.jpg|thumb|[[खुम्बु]]-क्षेत्रमाथि जहाजबाट; छवटा आठ-हजारी र केही ''सात हजारी (तीनको पहिचान भयेको)'' देखिंदै]]
'' 'आठ हजारी''' अर्थात आठ हजार भन्दा बढी ऊँचाई भएका पर्वतहरुू। यस्ता खालका पृथ्वीमाथी १४ वटा स्वतंत्र पर्वतहरुू छन जस्का ऊँचाई समुद्रको सतहबाट ८००० (२६,२४७ फिट) भन्दा बढी छ। यी सबै पर्वतहरुू एशियाको हिमाल अनि कराकोरम पर्वत श्रेणीमा स्थित छन।
अल्बर्ट एफ मम्मेरी र जे नॉरमन कोली द्वारा १८९५  मा कश्मिर क्षेत्र (हालमा गिल्गित-बल्टिस्टान, पाकिस्तान)को नंगा पर्वतमा प्रथम पल्ट आठ हजारीमाथि सफल आरोहण गर्ने प्रयास   दर्ज गराये; तर यो प्रयास विफल रह्यो किनकी हिमस्खलनमा मम्मेरी र दुई जना गोर्खा रघुवीर र गोमन सिंहको मृत्यु भयो।
आठ हजारीमाथि प्रथम सफल आरोहण गर्ने व्यक्ति हुन मौरिस हेरजोंग र लुईस लाचेनल जो ३ जुन १९५०  मा अन्नपुर्णाको शिखरमा पुग्न सफल भये।
रेनहोल्ड मेसनर प्रथम व्यक्ति हुन जिनले सबै १४ वटै आठ हजारी हिमाल आरोहण गरे। उहाँले यो कार्य १६ अक्टोबर १९८६  मा सम्पन्न गरे। एक साल पछि १९८७  मा जर्जि कुकुज्काले यो करतब पुरा गर्ने दोश्रो आरोही बने। मेसनर पुरक अक्सीजनको सहायता बिना १४औं शिखरमा चढन सफल भये। मेसनर सफल भयेको दिन देखि ९ वर्ष सम्म कसैले यो करतब पुन: गर्न सकेन। पछि इरहार्ड लोरेटनले १९९५  मा यो कार्य गर्न सफल भये। वर्ष २०११ अनुसार जमा २६ जना निर्विवाद सबै १४ औं शिखरमा आरोहण गर्न सफल भई सकेका छन। यो एउटा धेरैनै खतरनाक करतब हो, यो करतब पुरा गर्न कम्तीमा चार जना मारिए। नेपालको फुर्बा तासिले आठ हजारीमाथि सबैभन्दा धेरै पल्ट आरोहण गर्न सफल भयेको छन।

__NOTOC__
==आठ हजारी हिमालको सूची<ref>Geographical facts and first ascents information of the Main 8000ers http://www.8000ers.com/cms/en/8000ers-mainmenu-205.html</ref><ref>[http://www.8000ers.com/cms/download.html?func=startdown&id=184 Complete ascent - fatalities statistics of all 14 main 8000ers]</ref>==
{| class="wikitable sortable"   style="margin:auto; border:#999; background:#fff;"
|- style="text-align:center;" "
!शिखर
!उचाई
!अवस्थिति
!प्रथम आरोहण
!प्रथम आरोही(हरू)
!हिँउदमा प्रथम आरोहण
(contracted; show full)

==Verified climbers who have reached the summit of all 14 eight-thousanders<ref>climbers who have reached the summit of all 14 eight-thousanders http://www.8000ers.com/cms/download.html?func=startdown&id=155</ref>==
Field ''0<sub>2</sub>'' lists people who have peaked all 14 without bottled oxygen.

{| border="0" style="border:1px solid #999; background:#fff; margin-right:25px;"
|-
   style="text-align:center; background:#ccc;"
! Order<br />accomplished 
!All without<br />O<sub>2</sub> (order)
!Name
!Period
!born
!at age
!Nationality
<center>
|-
|1
|1
|[[Reinhold Messner]]
|1970–1986
|1944
|42
|{{flagicon|Italy}} Italian
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|2
|
|[[Jerzy Kukuczka]]
|1979–1987
|1948
| 39
|{{flagicon|Poland}} Polish
|-
|3
|2
|[[Erhard Loretan]]
|1982–1995
|1959
| 36
|{{flagicon|Switzerland}} Swiss
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|4
| <ref>Carlos Carsolio required emergency oxygen on his descent from Makalu in 1988.</ref>
|[[Carlos Carsolio]]
|1985–1996
|1962
| 33
|{{flagicon|Mexico}} Mexican
|-
|5
|
|[[Krzysztof Wielicki]]
|1980–1996
|1950
| 46
|{{flagicon|Poland}} Polish
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|6
|3
|[[Juanito Oiarzabal]]
|1985–1999
|1956
| 43
|{{flagicon|Spain}} Spanish
|-
|7
|
|[[Sergio Martini]]
|1983–2000
| 1949
| 51
|{{flagicon|Italy}} Italian
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|8
|
|[[Park Young Seok|Park Young-Seok]]
|1993–2001
|1963
|38
|{{flagicon|South Korea}} Korean
|-
|9
|
|[[Um Hong-Gil]]
|1988–2001
|1960<ref>
{{Cite web
   | last = EverestNews2004.com
   | first = News (age calculated: in 2004 Hong-Gil Um was 44)
   | title = Mr. Um Hong Gil has bagged his 15th 8000 meter peak
   | url= http://www.kukuxumusu.com/web/news_nove1.php?id=36&lang=eng
   | accessdate = 2008-11-30
   | postscript = <!--None--> }}</ref>
| 40
|{{flagicon|South Korea}} Korean
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|10
|4
|[[Alberto Iñurrategi]]
|1991-2002<ref>
{{Cite web
   | last = Kukuxumusu
   | first = Spanish News
   | title = 05/20/2002¬ Alberto Iñurrategi achieves his fourteenth "eight thousand meters"
   | url= http://www.kukuxumusu.com/web/news_nove1.php?id=36&lang=eng
   | accessdate = 2008-11-30
   | postscript = <!--None--> }}
</ref>
| 1968
| 33
|{{flagicon|Spain}} Spanish
|-
|11
|
|[[Han Wang-Yong]]
|1994–2003
|1966
|37
|{{flagicon|South Korea}} Korean
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|12
|5<ref>
{{Cite web
   | last = Mounteverest.net
   | first = News, ''...the American climber became one of only five men in the world to accomplish the quest entirely without supplementary oxygen.''
   | title = Best of ExplorersWeb 2005 Awards: Ed Viesturs and Christian Kuntner
   | url= http://www.mounteverest.net/news.php?id=1332
   | accessdate = 2008-11-30
   | postscript = <!--None--> }}</ref>
|[[Ed Viesturs]]
|1989–2005
|1959
|46
|{{flagicon|USA}} American
|-
|13
|6<ref>
{{Cite web
   | last = Mounteverest.net
   | first = News, ''Last year, Silvio 'Gnaro' Mondinelli broke the haunted 13 when he summited the last peak on his list of 14, 8000ers - becoming only the 6th mountaineer in the world to have bagged them all without supplementary oxygen.''
   | title = The wolf is back: Gnaro bags Baruntse
   | url= http://www.mounteverest.net/news.php?id=17691
   | accessdate = 2008-11-30
   | postscript = <!--None--> }}</ref><ref>
{{Cite web
   | last = PlanetMountain.com
   | first = News, ''13/07 interview with Silvio Mondinelli after the summit of his 14th 8000m peak without supplementary oxygen.''
   | title = The day after: Silvio Mondinelli, Broad Peak and all 14 8000m summits
   | url= http://www.planetmountain.com/english/News/shownews.lasso?l=2&keyid=35710
   | accessdate = 2008-11-30
   | postscript = <!--None--> }}</ref><ref>
{{Cite web
   | last = Mounteverest.net
   | first = News, Implied in text: ''...Following Italian Silvio "Gnaro" Mondinelli last year and American Ed Viesturs in 2005, Ivan also became only the seventh mountaineer in the world to have done them all without supplementary oxygen.''
   | title = The 14th knight: Ecuadorian Ivan Vallejo is ready to continue
   | url= http://www.k2climb.net/news.php?id=17248
   | accessdate = 2008-11-30
   | postscript = <!--None--> }}</ref>
|[[Silvio Mondinelli]]
|1993–2007
|1958
|49
|{{flagicon|Italy}} Italian
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|14
|7<ref>
{{Cite web
   | last = Mounteverest.net
   | first = News, ''...Ivan also became only the seventh mountaineer in the world to have done them all without supplementary oxygen.''
   | title = The 14th knight: Ecuadorian Ivan Vallejo is ready to continue
   | url= http://www.k2climb.net/news.php?id=17248
   | accessdate = 2008-11-30
   | postscript = <!--None--> }}</ref>
|[[Ivan Vallejo]]
|1997–2008
|1959
|49
|{{flagicon|Ecuador}} Ecuador
|
|- style="background:#fff;"
|15
|8 <ref>
{{Cite web
   | last = PlanetMountain.com
   | title = Denis Urubko, Cho Oyu and all 14 8000m peaks
   | url= http://www.planetmountain.com/english/News/shownews1.lasso?l=2&keyid=36767
   | accessdate = 2009-05-18
   | postscript = <!--None--> }}</ref>
|[[Denis Urubko]]
|2000–2009 
|1973
|35 
|{{flagicon|Kazakhstan}} Kazakhstan 
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|16
(contracted; show full)|{{flagicon|South Korea}} Korean
|- style="background:#efefef;"
|}

=== विवाद ===
Disputes occur when not enough evidence was provided to claim the climb up to the highest peak.

{| border="0"
   style="float:left; border:1px solid #999; background:#fff; margin-right:25px;"
|-   style="text-align:center; background:#ccc;"
!Name
!Period
!born
!at age
!Nationality
|-
|[[Fausto De Stefani]] (Lhotse 1997<ref>
{{cite web
   | last = MountEverest.net
   | first = News
   | title = Fausto de Stefani back for Lhotse – changes ahead on the 14x8,000ers summiteers’ list? 
   | url = http://www.mounteverest.net/news.php?id=15925
   | accessdate = 2008-11-30 }}</ref>)
|1983–1998
|1952
|46
|{{flagicon|Italy}} Italy
|-
|[[Alan Hinkes]] (Cho Oyu 1990<ref>{{cite web
   | last = AdventureStats.net
   | first = Official records
   | title = Climbers that have summited 10 to 13 of the 14 Main-8000ers
   | url = http://www.adventurestats.com/tables/10-13_8000er.shtml
   | accessdate = 2008-11-30 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web
   | last = MountEverest.net
   | first = News, under heading '''No Proof''': ''Alan himself said later that he continued alone for one hour into the fog to find the true summit. He said that he "has no proof to have not been to the summit" and so he counts it a done deal. The statistician's didn't buy it, and Alan was deleted on all of the Cho Oyu lists.''
   | title = Alan Hinkes Kangchenjunga - 13 or 14?
   | url = http://www.mounteverest.net/story/AlanHinkesKangchenjunga-13or14May132005.shtml
   | accessdate = 2008-11-30 }}</ref>)
|1987–2005
| 1954
| 53
|{{flagicon|United Kingdom}} British
|-
|[[Vladislav Terzyul]] (Shishapangma 2000<ref>
{{cite web
   | last = Russianclimb.com
   | first = Mountaineering World of Russia & CIS
   | title = Vladislav Terzyul, List of ascents
   | url = http://www.russianclimb.com/persons/terzyul.html
   | accessdate = 2009-10-06 }}</ref><ref>Everest News, [http://www.everestnews2004.com/everestnews4/missingonmaklau2004.htm Sad results on Makalu: 1 missing climber and 1 passed away on Makalu Update]</ref>)
|1993-2002 (deceased)
|1953
|49
|{{flagicon|Ukraine}} Ukrainian
|-
(contracted; show full)[[sl:Osemtisočak]]
[[sr:Врхови преко 8000 метара]]
[[ta:எண்ணாயிர மீட்டரை மீறும் மலைகள்]]
[[th:ยอดเขาแปดพันเมตร]]
[[tr:Sekizbinlik]]
[[uk:Восьмитисячники]]
[[ur:آٹھ ہزاری]]
[[zh:八千米以上山峰列表]]