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मर्काई
{{eng}}
{{Infobox_Disease
 | Name           = {{PAGENAME}}
 | Image          = Sprained foot.jpg
| Caption        = A sprained ankle with bruising.
 | DiseasesDB     =
 | ICD10          = {{ICD10|T|14|3|t|08}}
 | ICD9           = {{ICD9|848.9}}
 | ICDO           = 
 | OMIM           = 
 | MedlinePlus    = 000041
 | eMedicineSubj  = 
 | eMedicineTopic = 
 | MeshID         = D013180
}}
A '''sprain''' (possibly from [[Middle French]] ''espraindre'', to squeeze) is an injury in a [[joint]], caused by the [[ligament]] being stretched beyond its capacity. A muscular tear caused in the same manner is referred to as a [[Strain_  (injury)|strain]]. In cases where either ligament or muscle tissue is torn, immobilization and surgical repair may be necessary. Ligaments are tough, [[Fibrous connective tissue|fibrous tissues]] that connect bones to other bones. Sprains can occur in any joint but are most common in the ankle and wrist.<ref>[http://chestofbooks.com/health/reference/Home-Cyclopedia-Of-Health-And-Medicine/Sprained-Joints.html] Retrieved on 2010-02-16</ref>

==Symptoms==
* [[Pain]]
(contracted; show full)force should be applied on site of the sprain.  In case of, for example, a [[sprained ankle]], [[walking]] should be kept to a minimum.<ref name="AAOS">{{cite web|url=http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00150 |title=Sprained Ankle |accessdate=2008-04-01 |date=2005-03 |publisher=American [[Orthopaedic]] Foot and Ankle Society }}</ref>

* '''Ice:''' Ice should be applied immediately to the sprain to reduce swelling and pain.  It can be applied for 10
-–15 minutes at a time (longer application of ice may cause damage instead of healing), 3-4 times a day.  Ice can be combined with a wrapping to minimize swelling and provide support.<ref name="AAOS"/>

* '''Compression:''' Dressings, bandages, or ace-wraps should be used to immobilize the sprain and provide support. When wrapping the injury, more pressure should be applied at the far end of the injury and decrease in the direction of the heart; the reason for this is that it more easily causes unnecessary fluid to be flushed back up the blood stream in order to be recycled. Compression should not cut off the circulation of the limb.<ref name="AAOS"/>

* '''Elevate:''' Keeping the sprained joint elevated (in relation to the rest of the body) will also help to minimize swelling.<ref name="AAOS"/>

Ice and compression ([[cold compression therapy]]) will not completely stop swelling and pain, but will help to minimize them as the sprain begins to heal itself.  Careful management of swelling is critical to the healing process as additional fluid may pool in the sprained area.

The joint should be exercised again fairly soon, in milder cases from 1 to 3 days after injury.<ref name=familydoctor>[http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/healthy/physical/injuries/010.html Ankle Sprains: Healing and Preventing Injury] Written by familydoctor.org editorial staff. American Academy of Family Physicians. Reviewed/Updated: 08/06. Created: 01/96  </ref> Special exercises are sometimes needed in order to regain strength and help reduce the risk of ongoing problems. The joint may need to be supported by taping or bracing, helping protect it from re-injury.<ref name=familydoctor/>

===Functional rehabilitation===
Prolonged [[immobilization]] delays the healing of a sprain, as it usually leads to [[muscle atrophy]] and stiff joint. The components of an effective rehabilitation for all sprain injuries include increasing range of motion and progressive muscle strengthening exercise. this should be taken care of quickly<ref>[http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00150 Sprained ankle] American academy of orthopedic surgeons. Retrieved on 2010-01-26</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

{{Dislocations, sprains and strains}}

[[Categoryश्रेणी:Diseases involving the fasciae]]
[[Categoryश्रेणी:Dislocations, sprains and strains]]

[[ar:وثء]]
[[ca:Esquinç]]
[[cs:Podvrtnutí]]
[[de:Verstauchung]]
[[el:Διάστρεμμα]]
[[en:Sprain]]
[[es:Esguince]]
[[fa:پیچ‌خوردگی]]
[[fi:Nyrjähdys]]
[[fr:Entorse (médecine)]]
[[he:נקע]]
[[hi:मोच]]
[[it:Distorsione (medicina)]]
[[ja:捻挫]]
[[ml:ഉളുക്ക്]]
[[nl:Verstuiking]]
[[no:Forstuelse]]
[[pl:Skręcenie]]
[[pt:Entorse]]
[[ru:Растяжение связок]]
[[simple:Sprain]]
[[so:Murgacasho]]
[[sr:Угануће зглоба]]
[[sv:Stukning]]
[[te:బెణుకు]]
[[vi:Bong gân]]