Difference between revisions 290694 and 297637 on newiki

{{Eng}} 
'''Otolaryngology''' is the branch of [[चिकित्साशास्त्र|medicine]] that specializes in the diagnosis र treatment of [[ear]], [[nose]], [[throat]], र head & neck disorders. The full name of the specialty is '''otolaryngology-head र neck surgery.''' Practitioners are called '''otolaryngologists-head र neck surgeons''', or sometimes '''otorhinolaryngologists''' (ORL). A commonly used term for this speciality is '''ENT''' ('''ear, nose र throat''').

== Explanation ==

Otolaryngologists are medical doctors who complete at least five years of surgical residency training.  Currently, this is comprised of one year in general surgery, four years in otolaryngology - head र neck surgery; in the past it varied between two र three years of each.  

Following residency training, some otolaryngologists elect to complete advanced subspeciality "fellowship" training which is usually one (but is sometimes two) years in duration.

== Subspecialties ==

{|class="wikitable"
|- style="font-weight:bold" align="center" valign="top"
| width="117" Height="12.75" | Head र Neck 
| width="100" | Facial plastics
| width="43.5" | Otology
| width="117" | Neuro-otology
| width="117" | Rhinology/Sinus
| width="68.25" | Laryngology
| width="140.25" | Pediatrics
| width="43.5" | Allergy
|-  align="center" valign="top"
| Height="12.75" | Surgical oncology
 | Facial cosmetics
 | Ear
 | Middle र inner ear
 | Sinusitis
 | Voice therapy
 | VeloPalatine-Insufficiency
|-  align="center" valign="top"
| Height="12.75" | Reconstruction
 | Maxillofacial
 | Hearing
 | Temporal bone
 | Allergy
 | Phono-surgery
 | Cleft Lip र Palate
|-  align="center" valign="top"
| Height="12.75" | Endocrine surgery
 | Trauma
 | 
 | Skull base
 | Anterior skull base
 | 
 | Airway
|-  align="center" valign="top"
| Height="12.75" | 
 | 
 | 
 | Dizziness
 | Apnea र snoring
 | 
 | Vascular Malformations
|-  align="center" valign="top"
| Height="12.75" | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | 
 | Cochlear Implant/BAHA
|}

== Topics in Otolaryngology, Head र Neck Surgery ==
=== General Otolaryngology ===

* [[Deviated septum]]
* [[Laryngitis]] - inflammation of larynx र vocal cords producing hoarsness
* [[Parotitis]]
* [[Pharyngitis]] - inflammation of the pharynx producing symptoms more or less similar to tonsilitis
* [[Snoring]] र [[sleep apnea]]
* [[Tonsillitis]] - inflammation of tonsils producing pain, odynophagia(painful swallowing), fever etc...

=== Head र Neck/Reconstructive Surgery ===

* [[Head र neck cancer]]
** [[Oncology]]
*** [[Chemotherapy]]
**** [[Chemotherapy regimens]]
*** [[Radiation therapy]]
* [[Hyperparathyroidism]]
* [[Thyroid cancer]]

=== Otology/Neuro-Otology ===
* [[Dizziness]]
** [[BPPV]] - Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
** [[labyrinthitis]]/[[vestibular neuronitis]]
** [[Ménière's disease]]/[[Endolymphatic hydrops]]
** [[Perilymphatic fistula]]
** [[acoustic neuroma]]
* [[Hearing loss]]
* [[Mastoiditis]]
* [[Otitis externa]] - [[outer ear]] or [[ear canal]] inflammation
* [[Otitis media]] - [[middle ear]] inflammation
* [[Otitis interna]] - [[inner ear]] inflammation
* Perforated [[eardrum]] (hole in the eardrum due to infection, trauma, explosion or loud noise)

=== Rhinology (Sinus diseases र anterior skull base) ===

* Environmental [[Allergies]]
* [[Sinusitis]] - acute, chronic
* [[Rhinitis]]

=== Pediatrics ===
* [[laryngomalacia]]
* [[Caustic Ingestion]]
* [[Obstructive Sleep Apnea - Pediatric]]
* [[Tonsillectomy]]
* [[Adenoidectomy]]
* [[Myringotomy र Tubes]]

=== Laryngology ===
* [[Dysphonia]] / Hoarseness
** [[Laryngitis]]
** [[Reinke's Edema]]
** [[Vocal fold nodule|Vocal Cord Nodules]] & [[Vocal Cord Polyps|Polyps]]
* [[Spasmodic dysphonia|Spasmodic Dysphonia]]
* [[Tracheostomy]]
* [[The Professional Voice]]
* [[Cancer of the larynx|Cancer of the Larynx]]

=== Trauma/Facial Plastics ===
* [[Rhinoplasty]] & [[Septoplasty]]
* [[Rhytidectomy|Facelift]] (Rhytidectomy)
* [[Browlift]]
* [[Blepharoplasty]]
* [[Otoplasty]]
* [[Genioplasty]]
* Injectible Cosmetic Treatments
* Trauma to the Face
** [[Nasal Bone Fracture]]
** [[Mandible Fracture]]
** [[Orbital Fracture]]
** [[Frontal Sinus Fracture]]
** Complex Lacerations र Soft Tissue Damage

== Societies ==
* [http://www.entnet.org/ American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head र Neck Surgery ]
* [http://www.entcanada.org/ Canadian Society of Otolaryngology - Head र Neck Surgery ]
* [http://www.triologic.org/ The American Laryngological, Rhinological र Otological Society]
* [http://www.entuk.org/ British Association of Otorhinolaryngologists - Head & Neck Surgeons]

== External links ==
* [http://journalreview.org/spage.php?specialty_id=7&sdesc=ENT On-Line ENT Journal Club (via JournalReview.org)]
* [http://www.newmediamedicine.com/forum/forumdisplay.php?f=110 Otolaryngology Careers Forum]

{{Medicine}}

[[श्रेणी:Otolaryngology|*]]

[[ar:طب الأنف والأذن والحنجرة]]
[[az:Otorinolarinqologiya]]
[[be:Отарыналарынгалогія]]
[[bg:Оториноларингология]]
[[ca:Otorinolaringologia]]
[[cs:Otorhinolaryngologie]]
[[da:Oto-rhino-laryngologi]]
[[de:Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde]]
[[en:Otolaryngology]]
[[eo:Otorinolaringologio]]
[[es:Otorrinolaringología]]
[[eu:Otorrinolaringologia]]
[[fa:پزشکی گوش و حلق و بینی]]
[[fr:Oto-rhino-laryngologie]]
[[he:רפואת אף אוזן גרון]]
[[hi:नाक, कान और गले के रोग]]
[[hr:Otorinolaringologija]]
[[id:Otolaringologi]]
[[it:Otorinolaringoiatria]]
[[ja:耳鼻咽喉科学]]
[[jv:Otolaringologi]]
[[ko:이비인후과]]
[[ky:Оториноларингология]]
[[nl:Otorinolaryngologie]]
[[no:Øre-nese-hals]]
[[pl:Otorynolaryngologia]]
[[pt:Otorrinolaringologia]]
[[ro:Otorinolaringologie]]
[[ru:Оториноларингология]]
[[sh:Otorinolaringologija]]
[[sl:Otorinolaringologija]]
[[sq:Otorinolaringologjia]]
[[sv:ÖNH]]
[[th:โสตศอนาสิกวิทยา]]
[[tr:Otorinolarengoloji]]
[[uk:Оториноларингологія]]
[[ur:انفاذن حنجریات]]
[[zh:耳鼻喉科學]]