Difference between revisions 601585 and 601587 on newiki

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'''लिनक्स बितरण''' युनिक्स जस्तै अपरेटिङ्ग सिस्टम परिवारको एक सदस्य हो जुन लिनक्स कर्नेलको माथि बनेको हुन्छ यस्ता बितरणहरू(कहिले काहिँ छोटकरीमा ''डिस्ट्रो'' भनिन्छ) अपरेटिङ्ग सिस्टमहरू हुन् जसमा धेरै सफ्टवेयरहरू र अनुप्रयोगहरू जस्तै वर्डप्रोसेसर , स्प्रेडसिटहरू र श्रव्यदृष्य अनुप्रयोगहरू पनि साथमा रहेका हुन्छन । अपरेटिङ्ग सिस्टममा लिनक्स कर्नेल रहेको हुन्छ , र साधारणतया , जीएनयु परियोजना,बाट प्रद(contracted; show full)

Details and interest rankings of Linux distributions are available on DistroWatch and a fairly comprehensive list of live CDs is available at livecdlist.com. Some websites such as OSDir.com and www.osvids.com offer screenshots and videos as a way to get a first impression of various distributions.

Workspot provides online Linux desktop demos using Virtual Network Computing (VNC).

== स्थापना ==
⏎
There are many ways to install a Linux distribution. The most common method of installing Linux is by booting from a CD-ROM or [[डि पनि डि|DVD]] that contains the installation program and installable software. Such a CD can be burned from a downloaded ISO image, purchased alone for a low price, provided as a cover disk with a magazine, shipped for free by request, or obtained as part of a box set that may also include manuals and additional commercial software. New users tend to begin by partitioning a hard drive in order to keep their previously-installed operating system. The Linux distribution can then be installed on its own separate partition without affecting previously saved data.

Early Linux distributions were installed using sets of floppies but this has been abandoned by all major distributions. Nowadays most distributions offer CD and DVD sets with the vital packages on the first disc and less important packages on later ones. They usually also allow installation over a network after booting from either a set of floppies or a CD with only a small amount of data on it.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.debian.org/CD/netinst/ |title=Network install from a minimal CD |publisher=Debian |date= |accessdate=29 July 2011}}</ref>

Still another mode of installation is to install on a powerful computer to use as a servers and to use less powerful machines (perhaps without hard drives, with less memory and slower CPUs) as thin clients over the network. Clients can boot over the network from the server and display results and pass information to the server where all the applications run. The clients can be ordinary PCs with the addition of a network bootloader on a drive or network interface controller; hard disk space and processor power can be offloaded onto the client machine if desired. The cost savings achieved by using thin clients can be invested in greater computing power or storage on the server.

In a Live CD setup, the computer boots the entire operating system from CD without first installing it on the computer's hard disk. Some distributions have a Live CD ''installer'' , where the computer boots the operating system from the disk, and then proceeds to install it onto the computer's hard disk, providing a seamless transition from the OS running from the CD to the OS running from the hard disk.

Both servers and personal computers that come with Linux already installed are available from vendors including Hewlett-Packard and Dell.

On embedded devices, Linux is typically held in the device's firmware and may or may not be consumer-accessible. 

Anaconda, one of the more popular installers, is used by Red Hat Enterprise Linux, [[फेडोरा परियोजना|Fedora]] and other distributions to simplify the installation process.

=== रही आएको अपरेटिङ्ग सिस्टमको मार्फत स्थापना ===
Some distributions let the user install Linux on top of their current system, such as WinLinux or coLinux. Linux is installed to the Windows hard disk partition, and can be started from inside Windows itself.

Virtual machines (such as VirtualBox or VMware) also make it possible for Linux to be run inside another OS. The VM software simulates a separate computer onto which the Linux system is installed. After installation, the virtual machine can be booted as if it were an independent computer.

Various tools are also available to perform full dual-boot installations from existing platforms without a CD, most notably:

* The Wubi installer, which allows Windows users to download and install [[उबुन्टु|Ubuntu]] or its derivatives without the need for hard drive partitioning or an installation CD, allowing users to easily dual boot between either operating system on the same hard drive without losing data
* Win32-loader, which is in the process of being integrated in official Debian CDs/DVDs, and allows Windows users to install [[डेबियन|Debian]] without a CD, though it performs a network installation and thereby requires repartitioning<ref>{{cite web|author=Debian Webmaster, [email protected] |url=http://packages.debian.org/testing/win32-loader |title=Debian - Details of package win32-loader in Lenny |publisher=Packages.debian.org |date= |accessdate=29 July 2011}}</ref>
* UNetbootin, which allows Windows and Linux users to perform similar no-CD network installations for a wide variety of Linux distributions and additionally provides live USB creation support

== ओइएम सम्झौताहरू ==
Computer hardware is usually sold with an operating system other than Linux already installed by the original equipment manufacturer (OEM). In the case of IBM PC compatibles the OS is usually Microsoft Windows; in the case of Apple Macintosh computers it has always been a version of Apple's OS, currently Mac OS X; [[सन माइक्रो सिस्टमस्|Sun Microsystems]] sells SPARC hardware with Solaris installed; video game consoles such as the Xbox, PlayStation, and Wii each have their own pr(contracted; show full){{Operating system}}
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