Revision 270720 of "जिम्बाब्वे" on newiki

{{अनुवाद}}
{{ज्ञानबाकस देश
|native_name =Zimbabwe
|conventional_long_name =Republic of Zimbabwe
|common_name =Zimbabwe
|image_flag =Flag of Zimbabwe.svg
|image_coat =Coat_of_Arms_of_Zimbabwe.svg‎
|image_map =LocationZimbabwe.svg
|national_motto ="Unity, Freedom, Work"
|national_anthem ={{lang|sn-Latn|''[[National Anthem of Zimbabwe|Simudzai Mureza wedu WeZimbabwe]]''}}{{nbsp|2}}<small>([[Shona language|Shona]])</small><br />{{lang|nd|''[[National Anthem of Zimbabwe|Kalibusiswe Ilizwe leZimbabwe]]''}}{{nbsp|2}}<small>([[Northern Ndebele language|Sindebele]])<br />"Blessed be the land of Zimbabwe"</small>
|official_languages =[[South African English|English]]
|regional_languages =[[Shona language|Shona]], [[Northern Ndebele language|Sindebele]]
|demonym = [[List of Zimbabweans|Zimbabwean]]
|capital =[[Harare]] (formerly Salisbury)
|latd=17 |latm=50 |latNS=S |longd=31 |longm=3 |longEW=E
|largest_city = capital
|government_type =[[Semi-presidential system|Semi-presidential]], [[Parliamentary republic|parliamentary]], [[Consociationalism|consociationalist]] [[republic]] (led by [[Zimbabwe African National Union – Patriotic Front|ZANU-PF]] and [[Movement for Democratic Change|MDC]])
|leader_title1 =[[List of Presidents of Zimbabwe|President]]
|leader_name1 = [[Robert Mugabe]]
|leader_title2 = [[Vice President of Zimbabwe|Vice President]]
|leader_name2 = [[Joseph Msika]]<br />[[Joice Mujuru]]
|leader_title3 = [[Prime Minister of Zimbabwe|Prime Minister]]
|leader_name3 = [[Morgan Tsvangirai]]
|leader_title4 = [[Deputy Prime Minister of Zimbabwe|Deputy Prime Minister]]
|leader_name4 = [[Arthur Mutambara]]<br /> [[Thokozani Khuphe]]
|leader_title5 =[[Senate of Zimbabwe|President of the Senate]]
|leader_name5 =[[Edna Madzongwe]]  
|leader_title6 =[[Parliament of Zimbabwe|Speaker of Parliament]]
|leader_name6 =[[Lovemore Moyo]]
|area_rank =60th
|area_magnitude =1 E11
|area_km2 =390,757
|area_sq_mi =150,871
|percent_water =1
|population_estimate =13,349,000<sup>1</sup> <!--UN WPP-->
|population_estimate_rank =68th
|population_estimate_year =January 2008
|populationk=
|population_census_year =
|population_density_km2 =33
|population_density_sq_mi =85
|population_density_rank =170th
|GDP_PPP =$2.2 billion <!--World factbook-->
|GDP_PPP_rank =158th <!--IMF-->
|GDP_PPP_year =2008
|GDP_PPP_per_capita =$188 <!--IMF-->
|GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =179th <!--IMF-->
|sovereignty_type =[[Independence]]
|sovereignty_note =from the [[United Kingdom]]
|established_event1 =[[Rhodesia]]
|established_event2 =Zimbabwe
|established_date1 =[[November 11]], [[1965]]
|established_date2 =[[April 18]], [[1980]]
|Gini =56.8
|Gini_year =2003
|Gini_category =<font color="#e0584e">high</font>
|FSI =110.1 {{increase}} 1.2
|FSI_year =2007
|FSI_rank =4th
|FSI_category =<font color="#FF0000">Alert</font>
|HDI ={{increase}} 0.513
|HDI_rank =151st
|HDI_year =2007
|HDI_category =<font style="color:#ffcc00">medium</font>
|currency =[[Zimbabwean dollar|Dollar]] ([[Dollar sign|$]])
|currency_code =ZWD
|country_code =ZW
|time_zone =[[Central Africa Time]]
|utc_offset =+2
|time_zone_DST =Not observed
|utc_offset_DST =+2
|cctld =[[.zw]]
|calling_code =263
|footnotes =<sup>1</sup> Estimates explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS.
}}

'''जिम्बाब्वे''', आधिकारिक तरिकामा '''जिम्बाब्वे गणराज्य''' ([[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]]: Republic of Zimbabwe), जसलाई  पहिले दक्षिण रोडेशिया, रोडेशिया, रोडेशिया गणराज्य र जिम्बाब्वे रोडेशियाको नामले चिनिन्थ्यो, [[अफ्रीका|अफ्रीकी महाद्धीप]]को दक्षिणी भागमा [[जाम्बेजी नदी|जाम्बेजी]] र [[लिम्पोपो नदी|लिम्पोपो]] नदिहरूको बीच स्थित एक स्थल-रुद्ध (लैंडलक) देश हो। यसको सीमायें दक्षिणमा [[दक्षिण अफ्रीका]], दक्षिण पश्चिममा [[बोत्सवाना]] पश्चिमोत्तरमा [[जाम्बिया]] र पूर्वमा [[मोजाम्बिक]] से मिलछ।  [[अङ्ग्रेजी भाषा|अङ्ग्रेजी]],  [[शोना भाषा|शोना]] (एक बांतु भाषा), र  [[देबेल भाषा|देबेल]] (यह पनि एक बांतु भाषा) जिम्बाब्वेको तीन आधिकारिक भाषाहरू छन्।

जिम्बाब्वेको शुरुवात ब्रिटिश किरीट उपनिवेशको एक भाग रोडेशियाको रूपमा भए। राष्ट्रपति [[रबर्ट मुगाबे]] राष्ट्र प्रमुख र सशस्त्र बलहरूको सेनानायक छन्। मर्गन स्वानगिरई प्रधानमंत्री छ। स्वतंत्रता प्राप्ति पछि से मुगाबे देशको सत्तामा काबिज छन्।

'''Zimbabwe''' ({{pronEng|zɪmˈbɑːbweɪ}}), officially the '''Republic of Zimbabwe''' and formerly '''[[Southern Rhodesia]]''', the '''[[Rhodesia|Republic of Rhodesia]]''' and '''[[Zimbabwe Rhodesia]]''', is a [[Landlocked country|landlocked]] [[country]], located in the southern part of the [[continent]] of [[Africa]], between the [[Zambezi]] and [[Limpopo River|Limpopo]] Rivers. It is bordered by [[South Africa]] to the south, [[Botswana]] to the southwest, [[Zambia]] to the northwest, and [[Mozambique]] to the east. The [[official language]] of Zimbabwe is [[South African English|English]]. However, the majority of the population speaks [[Shona language|Shona]], which is the native language of the [[Shona people]], a [[Bantu languages|Bantu language]]; the country's other native language is [[Northern Ndebele language|Sindebele]], which is spoken by the [[Ndebele people (Zimbabwe)|Matabele people]].

The country is ruled by [[List of Presidents of Zimbabwe|President]] [[Robert Mugabe]], who is accused by rights groups of massive violations of [[Human rights in Zimbabwe|human rights]].<ref>http://thereport.amnesty.org/eng/Regions/Africa/Zimbabwe</ref> Zimbabwe is currently experiencing a [[hard currency]] shortage, which has led to [[Hyperinflation in Zimbabwe|hyperinflation]] and chronic shortages in imported fuel and consumer goods. President Mugabe's critics blame his program of [[Land reform in Zimbabwe|land reform]]. However, Mugabe claims that massive financial isolation through [[संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका|American]], [[United Kingdom|British]], and [[European Union]] legislation such as the [[Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act of 2001]] is the actual cause of hyperinflation. Under ZDERA, the United States is prohibited from supporting any efforts by the [[International Monetary Fund]] and other financial institutions to extend loans, credit or debt cancellation to the Zimbabwean government. 

Zimbabwe's current economic and food crisis, described by some observers as the country's worst humanitarian crisis since independence, has been attributed, in varying degrees, to government economic mismanagement, government prohibitions on relief efforts from foreign [[non-governmental organization]]s, a drought affecting the entire region, and the [[AIDS pandemic|HIV/AIDS epidemic]].<ref>[http://www.alertnet.org/thefacts/reliefresources/112239842449.htm Crisis profile: Zimbabwe's humanitarian situation(26 July 2005) Reuters Foundation AlertNet]</ref>

== नामाकरण ==
''जिम्बाब्वे'' भन्ने शब्द "''Dzimba dza mabwe''" भन्नेबाट आएको हो जसको अर्थ [[शोना भाषा]]मा "ढुंगाको ठूलो घर" हो। <ref name="bighouse">[http://www.history.und.ac.za/ebe1mhm/zimbabwe.htm Zimbabwe], History Department of [[UKZN]].</ref> यो देशमा प्राचीन [[ग्रेट जिम्बाब्वे]]को राजधानी [[मोनोमोतापा]] पर्ने भएको हुनाले यो देशको नाम जिम्बाब्वे राखिएको हो।

=== National anthem ===
{{Main|National Anthem of Zimbabwe}}
"[[Blessed be the Land of Zimbabwe]]" ({{lang-sn|"Simudzai Mureza wedu WeZimbabwe"}};[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y7jnZVU85lc] {{lang-nd|"Kalibusiswe Ilizwe leZimbabwe"}}) is the [[List of national anthems|national anthem]] of Zimbabwe. It was introduced in March 1994 after a nation-wide competition to replace "{{lang|sn|[[Ishe Komborera Africa]]}}" as a distinctly Zimbabwean song. The winning entry was a song written by Professor [[Solomon Mutswairo]] and composed by [[Fred Changundega]]. It has been translated into all three of the main languages of Zimbabwe.
<br />
<br />
<center>
<gallery>
Image:Zimbabwe cent.png|Reverse side of the defunct ten cent coin featuring the Zimbabwe Bird
Image:Zimbabwe Bird.svg|Traditional Zimbabwe Bird design

Image:Gloriosa rothschildiana 01.jpg|The Flame Lily, national flower of Zimbabwe
</gallery>
</center>

== See also ==
* [[Place names in Zimbabwe]]
{{Zimbabwean topics}}

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
* Zimbabwe:A Rhodesian Mystery, Roger Summers, Thomas Nelson and Sons (Africa) (Pty) Ltd., Johannesburg 1965. A discussion of the archeology of the Zimbabwe ruins.
* "The Rhodesian Crisis: Tanzania's Role," Chapter Eight, pp.&nbsp;211 – 250, in Godfrey Mwakikagile, ''Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era: Expanded Edition - Includes Photos'', Second Edition, Protea Publishing, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, 2005; also in Godfrey Mwakikagile, ''Nyerere and Africa: End of an Era'', Third Edition, New Africa Press, Pretoria, South Africa, 2006, pp.&nbsp;226 – 267.

== External links ==
{{portal|Zimbabwe}}
{{sisterlinks|Zimbabwe}}
{{wikisource|CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Zimbabwe}}

'''Government'''
* [http://www.parlzim.gov.zw/ Parliament of Zimbabwe] — official government site
* [http://www.gta.gov.zw/ Zimbabwe Government Online] — official government site and [http://www.zim.gov.zw/ mirror site]

'''News'''
* [http://zimbabwemetro.com/ Zimbabwe Metro - Zimbabwe News tabloid]
* [http://www.newzimbabwe.com/ The New Zimbabwe]
* [http://www.thezimbabwean.co.uk/ The Zimbabwean]
* [http://www.zimbabweonline.info/ Zimbabwe Online News]
* [http://www.zwnews.com/ ZW News]
* [http://www.sokwanele.com Civic Action Support Group ]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4188702.stm Zimbabwe destruction: One man's story], ''[[BBC News Online]]''
* [http://allafrica.com/zimbabwe/ AllAfrica.com: Zimbabwe] — news headline links
* [http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/77/ IFEX: Zimbabwe] — press freedom violations
* [http://www.talkzimbabwe.com The Zimbabwe Guardian - Zimbabwe News Online│Zimbabwe News]
* [http://www.irinnews.org/Africa-Country.aspx?Country=ZW IRIN Zimbabwe] — humanitarian news and analysis
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/7346042.stm No quick fix for Zimbabwe's economy, analysis by Jorn Madslien, BBC News]

'''Directories'''
* [http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/indiv/africa/cuvl/Zimbabwe.html Columbia University Libraries — ''Zimbabwe''] directory category of the WWW-VL
* [http://dmoz.org/Regional/Africa/Zimbabwe/ Open Directory Project: Zimbabwe]
* [http://dir.yahoo.com/Regional/Countries/Zimbabwe/ Yahoo!: Zimbabwe]

'''Tourism'''
* {{wikitravel}}
* [http://www.anytravels.com/africa/zimbabwe/ Travel Overview of Zimbabwe]
* [http://www.joinafrica.com/countries1/Zimbabwe/people.htm Facts about Zimbabwe]

'''Other'''
* [http://www.zimconservation.com ZimConservation - News and opinions about the wildlife and environment of Zimbabwe]
* [http://www.newzimbabwe.com New Zimbabwe]
* [http://www.isp.co.zw Isp Internet Services Zimbabwe]
* [http://thereport.amnesty.org/eng/Regions/Africa/Zimbabwe Amnesty International annual report 2007 on Zimbabwe]
* [http://www.kubatana.net Kubutana] The NGO Alliance Network - an online community for Zimbabwean activists
* [http://www.zawt.org/ Zimbabwe Agricultural Welfare Trust (ZAWT)]
* [http://www.zimbabweprotest.freeservers.com/ Zimbabwe Protest]
* [http://www.zimbabweonline.info Zimbabwe Online ]
* {{PDFlink|[http://www.cato.org/pubs/journal/cj25n3/cj25n3-12.pdf Cato Journal]|115&nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]]<!-- application/pdf, 118252 bytes -->}} — in-depth article on Zimbabwe's collapse
* [http://www.cgdev.org/content/publications/detail/2918/ Center for Global Development] — costs and causes of Zimbabwe's crisis
* [http://www.zimbabwerescue.netfirms.com/ Zimbabwe Rescue]
* [http://www.crisiszimbabwe.org/news.php Crisis in Zimbabwe]
* [http://www.thegreatzimbabwe.com TheGreatZimbabwe]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1064589.stm BBC, Country Profile, Zimbabwe]

{{Template group
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{{Africa}}

{{Geography of Zimbabwe}}
{{Niger-Congo-speaking nations}}
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{{Template group
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{{SADC}}
{{African Union (AU)}}
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{{Template group
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{{Territories of the British Empire}}
{{Languages of Zimbabwe}}
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[[श्रेणी:Zimbabwe| Zimbabwe]]
[[श्रेणी:African Union member states]]
[[श्रेणी:G15 nations]]
[[श्रेणी:Landlocked countries]]
[[श्रेणी:English-speaking countries and territories]]

[[af:Zimbabwe]]
[[als:Simbabwe]]
[[am:ዚምባብዌ]]
[[an:Zimbabwe]]
[[ang:Simbabwe]]
[[ar:زيمبابوي]]
[[arz:زيمبابوى]]
[[ast:Zimbabue]]
[[az:Zimbabve]]
[[bar:Simbabwe]]
[[bat-smg:Zėmbabvė]]
[[bcl:Simbabwe]]
[[be:Зімбабвэ]]
[[be-x-old:Зымбабвэ]]
[[bg:Зимбабве]]
[[bjn:Zimbabwe]]
[[bm:Zimbabwe]]
[[bn:জিম্বাবুয়ে]]
[[bo:ཛིམ་བབ་ཝི།]]
[[bpy:জিম্বাবুয়ে]]
[[br:Zimbabwe]]
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[[dv:ޒިމްބާބުވޭ]]
[[dz:ཛིམ་བབ་ཝེ་]]
[[ee:Zimbabwe]]
[[el:Ζιμπάμπουε]]
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[[fi:Zimbabwe]]
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[[fo:Simbabvi]]
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[[fy:Simbabwe]]
[[ga:An tSiombáib]]
[[gag:Zimbabve]]
[[gd:Siombabue]]
[[gl:Cimbabue - Zimbabwe]]
[[gv:Yn Çhimbabwe]]
[[hak:Sîn-pâ-pu-vî]]
[[he:זימבבואה]]
[[hi:ज़िम्बाब्वे]]
[[hif:Zimbabwe]]
[[hr:Zimbabve]]
[[hsb:Simbabwe]]
[[ht:Zimbabwe]]
[[hu:Zimbabwe]]
[[hy:Զիմբաբվե]]
[[id:Zimbabwe]]
[[ie:Zimbabwe]]
[[ilo:Zimbabwe]]
[[io:Zimbabwe]]
[[is:Simbabve]]
[[it:Zimbabwe]]
[[ja:ジンバブエ]]
[[jbo:zimbabues]]
[[jv:Zimbabwe]]
[[ka:ზიმბაბვე]]
[[kaa:Zimbabve]]
[[kg:Zimbabwe]]
[[ki:Zimbabwe]]
[[kk:Зимбабве]]
[[kn:ಜಿಂಬಾಬ್ವೆ]]
[[ko:짐바브웨]]
[[ksh:Simbabwe]]
[[ku:Zîmbabwe]]
[[kw:Zimbabwe]]
[[la:Zimbabua]]
[[lb:Simbabwe]]
[[li:Zimbabwe]]
[[lij:Zimbabwe]]
[[lmo:Zimbabwe]]
[[ln:Zimbabwe]]
[[lt:Zimbabvė]]
[[ltg:Zimbabve]]
[[lv:Zimbabve]]
[[mk:Зимбабве]]
[[ml:സിംബാബ്‌വെ]]
[[mn:Зимбабве]]
[[mr:झिंबाब्वे]]
[[mrj:Зимбабве]]
[[ms:Zimbabwe]]
[[mt:Żimbabwe]]
[[my:ဇင်ဘာဘွေနိုင်ငံ]]
[[mzn:زیمبابوه]]
[[nah:Zimbabhue]]
[[nds:Simbabwe]]
[[nl:Zimbabwe]]
[[nn:Zimbabwe]]
[[no:Zimbabwe]]
[[nov:Zimbabwe]]
[[nso:Zimbabwe]]
[[nv:Hooghan Tsé Bee Ádaalyaaí Bikéyah]]
[[ny:Zimbabwe]]
[[oc:Zimbabwe]]
[[or:ଜିମ୍ବାୱେ]]
[[os:Зимбабве]]
[[pam:Zimbabwe]]
[[pap:Zimbabwe]]
[[pl:Zimbabwe]]
[[pms:Zimbabwe]]
[[pnb:زمبابوے]]
[[ps:زېمبابوې]]
[[pt:Zimbabwe]]
[[qu:Simbabwi]]
[[ro:Zimbabwe]]
[[ru:Зимбабве]]
[[rw:Zimbabwe]]
[[sa:जिम्बाबवे]]
[[sah:Зимбабуэ]]
[[sc:Zimbabwe]]
[[scn:Zimbabbui]]
[[sco:Zimbabwe]]
[[se:Zimbabwe]]
[[sg:Zimbäbwe]]
[[sh:Zimbabve]]
[[si:සිම්බාබ්වේ]]
[[simple:Zimbabwe]]
[[sk:Zimbabwe]]
[[sl:Zimbabve]]
[[sn:Zimbabwe]]
[[so:Simbaabwi]]
[[sq:Zimbabveja]]
[[sr:Зимбабве]]
[[ss:IZimbabhwe]]
[[stq:Simbabwe]]
[[su:Zimbabwé]]
[[sv:Zimbabwe]]
[[sw:Zimbabwe]]
[[szl:Zimbabwe]]
[[ta:சிம்பாப்வே]]
[[te:జింబాబ్వే]]
[[tg:Зимбабве]]
[[th:ประเทศซิมบับเว]]
[[ti:ዚምባብዌ]]
[[tl:Simbabwe]]
[[tn:Zimbabwe]]
[[tr:Zimbabve]]
[[ts:Zimbabwe]]
[[tt:Зимбабве]]
[[ug:زىمبابۋې]]
[[uk:Зімбабве]]
[[ur:زمبابوے]]
[[uz:Zimbabve]]
[[ve:Zimbagwe]]
[[vec:Zinbàbue]]
[[vi:Zimbabwe]]
[[vo:Zimbabiyän]]
[[war:Zimbabwe]]
[[wo:Simbaawee]]
[[wuu:津巴布韦]]
[[xal:Зимбабвудин Орн]]
[[yi:זימבאבווע]]
[[yo:Sìmbábúè]]
[[zh:辛巴威]]
[[zh-classical:辛巴威]]
[[zh-min-nan:Zimbabwe]]
[[zh-yue:津巴布韋]]
[[zu:IZimbabwe]]