Difference between revisions 245792 and 258566 on pamwiki

This is a complete '''list of the [[official language]]s designated in the [[Sovereignty|sovereign]] [[state]]s''' of the world. It includes all languages that have official language status either statewide or in a part of the state, [[regional language]] status, or [[minority language]] status. 

Only states, which are defined as sovereign, internationally recognised, [[Independence|independent]] political entities, are listed. This is not a list of [[Country|countries]] or [[nation]]s, although many states listed, are simultaneously also countries and/or nations.

For [[dependent territory|dependent territories]], refer to the corresponding sovereign states.

==Definitions==
*''Official language'': one designated as having a unique legal status in the state, typically, the language used in a nation's legislative bodies, and often, official government business
*''Regional language'': one designated as having official status limited to a specific area, administrative division, or territory of the state (on this page a regional language will have parentheses next to it that contain a region, province, etc. where the language has regional status)
*''Minority language'':  (as used here) one spoken by a minority population within the state and officially designated as such; typically afforded protection and designated an officially permissible language for legal and government business in a specific area or territory of the state (on this page a minority language will be followed by parentheses that identify its minority status)
*''[[National language]]'':  one that uniquely represents the national identity of a state, nation, and/or country and so designated by a country's government; some are technically minority languages (on this page a national language will be followed by parentheses that identify it as a national language status)

{{CompactTOC2}}

== A ==
*[[Afghanistan]]
**[[Arabic language|Arabic]] (statewide minority language) 
**[[Balochi language|Balochi]] (statewide minority language) (official in areas where spoken by majority of population)
**[[Dari (Afghanistan)|Dari]] (statewide)
**[[Nuristani#Nuristani languages|Nuristani]] (statewide minority language) (official in areas where spoken by majority of population)
**[[Pashto language|Pashto]] (statewide)
**[[Pamiri languge|Pamiri]] (statewide minority language) (official in areas where spoken by majority of population)
**[[Pashayi language|Pashai]] (statewide minority language) (official in areas where spoken by majority of population)
**[[Turkmen language|Turkmen]] (statewide minority language) (official in areas where spoken by majority of population)
**[[Uzbek language|Uzbek]] (statewide minority language) (official in areas where spoken by majority of population)

*[[Albania]]
**[[Albanian language|Albanian]] ([[Tosk language|Tosk]] is the official [[dialect]])
**[[Greek language|Greek]]
*[[Algeria]]
**[[Arabic language|Arabic]]
**[[Berber languages|Tamazight]] (national)
**[[French language|French]]

*[[Andorra]]
**[[Catalan language|Catalan]]

*[[Angola]]
**[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]

*[[Antigua and Barbuda]]
**[[English language|English]]

*[[Argentina]]
**[[Spanish language|Spanish]]
**[[Guarani language|Guarani]] ([[Corrientes]] and [[Misiones]])

*[[Armenia]]
**[[Armenian language|Armenian]]

*[[Australia]]
**No official language, [[English language|English]] is the ''de facto'' official language.

*[[Austria]]
**[[Croatian language|Croatian]] (in [[Burgenland]]) (statewide minority language)
**[[Czech language|Czech]] (statewide minority language)
**[[German language|German]] (statewide)
**[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] (in [[Burgenland]]) (statewide minority language)
**[[Slovak language|Slovak]] (statewide minority language)
**[[Slovenian language|Slovenian]] (in [[Styria (state)|Styria]] and [[Carinthia (state)|Carinthia]]) (statewide minority language)
**[[Romani language|Romani]] (statewide minority language)

*[[Azerbaijan]]
**[[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]]

== B ==
*[[The Bahamas|Bahamas, The]]
**[[English language|English]]

*[[Bahrain]]
**[[Arabic language|Arabic]]

*[[Bangladesh]]
**[[Bengali language|Bengali]]

*[[Barbados]]
**[[English language|English]]

*[[Belarus]]
**[[Belarusian language|Belarusian]]
**[[Russian language|Russian]]

*[[Belgium]]
**[[Dutch language|Dutch]]
**[[French language|French]]
**[[German language|German]]

*[[Belize]]
**[[English language|English]]

*[[Benin]]
**[[French language|French]]

*[[Bhutan]]
**[[Dzongkha language|Dzongkha]]
**[[English language|English]]

*[[Bolivia]]
**[[Aymara language|Aymara]]
**[[Quechua language|Quechua]]
**[[Spanish language|Spanish]]

*[[Bosnia and Herzegovina]]
**[[Bosnian language|Bosnian]]
**[[Croatian language|Croatian]]
**[[Serbian language|Serbian]]

*[[Botswana]]
**[[English language|English]]
**[[Kalanga]] (national)
**[[Tswana language|Tswana]] (national)

*[[Brazil]]
**[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]

*[[Brunei]]
**[[Malay language|Malay]]
**[[English language|English]]

*[[Bulgaria]]
**[[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]

*[[Burkina Faso]]
**[[French language|French]]
**[[Fula language|Fula]] (national)
**[[Jula language|Jula]] (national)
**[[More language|More]] (national)

*[[Burundi]]
**[[French language|French]]
**[[Kirundi language|Kirundi]]

== C ==
*[[Cambodia]]
**[[Khmer language|Khmer]]

*[[Cameroon]]
**[[English language|English]]
**[[French language|French]]

*[[Canada]]
**[[Chipewyan language|Chipewyan]] (in the [[Northwest Territories]])
**[[Cree language|Cree]] (in the [[Northwest Territories]])
**[[Dogrib language|Dogrib]] (in the [[Northwest Territories]])
**[[English language|English]] (national)
**[[French language|French]] (national)
**[[Gwichʼin language|Gwich’in]] (in the [[Northwest Territories]])
**[[Inuinnaqtun language|Inuinnaqtun]] (in [[Nunavut]])
**[[Inuktitut language|Inuktitut]] (in the [[Northwest Territories]] and [[Nunavut]])
**[[Inuvialuktun]] (in the [[Northwest Territories]])
**[[Slavey language|Slavey]] (in the [[Northwest Territories]])

*[[Cape Verde]]
**[[Cape Verdean Creole]] (national)
**[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] (official)

*[[Central African Republic]]
**[[French language|French]]
**[[Sango language|Sango]] (national)

*[[Chad]]
**[[Arabic language|Arabic]]
**[[French language|French]]

*[[Chile]]
**[[Spanish language|Spanish]]

*[[People's Republic of China|China, People's Republic of]]
**[[Standard Cantonese|Cantonese]] (in [[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]])
**[[English language|English]] (in [[Hong Kong]])
**[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] (in [[Macau]])
**[[Kazakh language|Kazakh]] (in [[Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture|Ili Kazakh]], [[Xinjiang]])
**[[Korean language|Korean]] (in [[Changbai Korean Autonomous County|Changbai]] and [[Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture|Yanbian]], [[Jilin]])
**[[Standard Mandarin|Mandarin]] (statewide, except [[Hong Kong]] and [[Macau]])
**[[Mongolian language|Mongolian]] (in [[Inner Mongolia]])
**[[Tajik language|Tajik]] (in [[Taxkorgan Tajik Autonomous County|Taxkorgan]], [[Xinjiang]])
**[[Tibetan language|Tibetan]] (in [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]])
**[[Uyghur language|Uyghur]] (in [[Xinjiang]])
**[[Zhuang language|Zhuang]] (in [[Guangxi]])

*[[Republic of China|China, Republic of]] ([[Taiwan]]) - ''see [[#ROC|below]]

*[[Colombia]]
**[[Spanish language|Spanish]]

*[[Comoros]]
**[[Arabic language|Arabic]]
**[[Comorian language|Comorian]]
**[[French language|French]]

*[[Democratic Republic of the Congo|Congo, Democratic Republic of the]]
**[[French language|French]]
**[[Lingala language|Lingala]] (national)
**[[Kikongo]] (national)
**[[Swahili]] (national)
**[[Tshiluba]] (national)

*[[Republic of the Congo|Congo, Republic of the]]
**[[French language|French]]
**[[Lingala language|Lingala]] (national)
**[[Munukutuba language|Munukutuba]] (national)

*[[Costa Rica]]
**[[Spanish language|Spanish]]

*[[Côte d'Ivoire]]
**[[French language|French]]

*[[Croatia]]
**[[Croatian language|Croatian]] (statewide)
**[[Italian language|Italian]] (in [[Istria county|Istria]])

*[[Cuba]]
**[[Spanish language|Spanish]]

*[[Cyprus]]
**[[Greek language|Greek]]
**[[Turkish language|Turkish]]

*[[Czech Republic]]
**[[Czech language|Czech]]

== D ==
*[[Denmark]]
**[[Danish language|Danish]] (statewide)
**[[Faroese language|Faroese]] (in the [[Faroe Islands]])
**[[Kalaallisut language|Kalaallisut]] (in [[Greenland]])

*[[Djibouti]]
**[[Arabic language|Arabic]]
**[[French language|French]]

*[[Dominica]]
**[[English language|English]]

*[[Dominican Republic]]
**[[Spanish language|Spanish]]

== E ==
*[[East Timor]]
**[[English language|English]] (working language)
**[[Indonesian language|Indonesian]] (working language)
**[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
**[[Tetum language|Tetum]]

*[[Ecuador]]
**[[Quechua language|Quechua]]
**[[Spanish language|Spanish]]

*[[Egypt]]
**[[Arabic language|Arabic]]

*[[El Salvador]]
**[[Spanish language|Spanish]]

*[[Equatorial Guinea]]
**[[French language|French]]
**[[Spanish language|Spanish]]

*[[Eritrea]]
**[[Arabic language|Arabic]] (working language)
**[[Italian language|Italian]] (working language)
**[[Tigrinya language|Tigrinya]] (working language)

*[[Estonia]]
**[[Estonian language|Estonian]]

*[[Ethiopia]]
**[[Amharic language|Amharic]]

== F ==
*[[Fiji]]
**[[English language|English]]
**[[Fijian language|Fijian]]
**[[Hindustani language|Hindustani]]

*[[Finland]]
**[[Finnish language|Finnish]] (statewide, except in the [[Åland|Åland Islands]])
**[[Sami languages|Sami]] (minority language in [[Enontekiö]], [[Inari, Finland|Inari]], [[Sodankylä]], and [[Utsjoki]])
**[[Swedish language|Swedish]] (statewide) (in the [[Åland|Åland Islands]] where Swedish is spoken monolingually)

*[[France]] and [[Overseas departments and territories of France]].
**[[French language|French]] (statewide)
**[[Tahitian language|Tahitian]] (in [[French Polynesia]])
**[[Italian language|Italian]] (in [[Corsica|Corsica]])

== G ==
*[[Gabon]]
**[[French language|French]]

*[[The Gambia|Gambia, The]]
**[[English language|English]]
**[[Mandinka language|Mandinka]] (minority language)
**[[Wolof language|Wolof]] (minority language)

*[[Georgia (country)|Georgia]]
**[[Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]] (in [[Abkhazia]])
**[[Georgian language|Georgian]] (statewide, except in [[Abkhazia]] and [[South Ossetia]])
**[[Ossetic language|Ossetic]] (in [[South Ossetia]])
**[[Russian language|Russian]] (in [[Abkhazia]] and [[South Ossetia]]) 

*[[Germany]]
**[[Danish language|Danish]] (in [[Schleswig-Holstein]]) (minority language)
**[[Frisian language|Frisian]] (in [[Schleswig-Holstein]] and [[Lower Saxony]]) (minority language)
**[[German language|German]] (statewide)
**[[Romani language|Romani]] (in [[Hesse]])
**[[Lower Sorbian language|Lower Sorbian]] (in [[Brandenburg]]) (minority language)
**[[Upper Sorbian language|Upper Sorbian]] (in [[Saxony]]) (minority language)

*[[Ghana]]
**[[Adangme language|Adangme]] (in [[Greater Accra Region|Greater Accra]])
**[[Dagaare language|Dagaare]] (in the [[Upper West Region]])
**[[Dagbani language|Dagbani]] (in the [[Northern Region, Ghana|Northern Region]])
**[[English language|English]] (statewide)
**[[Ewe language|Ewe]] (in the [[Volta Region]])
**[[Ga language|Ga]] (in [[Greater Accra Region|Greater Accra]])
**[[Gonja language|Gonja]] (in the [[Northern Region, Ghana|Northern Region]])
**[[Kasem language|Kasem]] (in the [[Upper East Region]])
**[[Nzema language|Nzema]] (in the [[Western Region, Ghana|Western Region]])
**[[Twi language|Twi]] (in [[Akuapem]], [[Akyem]], [[Ashanti Region|Ashanti]], [[Fanteakwa]], [[Fante]], and [[Kwahu]])

*[[Greece]]
**[[Greek language|Greek]]
**[[Italian language|Italian]] (in [[Rhodes]])

*[[Grenada]]
**[[English language|English]]

*[[Guatemala]]
**[[Spanish language|Spanish]]

*[[Guinea]]
**[[French language|French]]
**[[Fula language|Fula]] (national)

*[[Guinea Bissau]]
**[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]

*[[Guyana]]
**[[English language|English]]

== H ==
*[[Haiti]]
**[[French language|French]]
**[[Haitian Creole language|Haitian Creole]]

*[[Honduras]]
**[[Spanish language|Spanish]]

*[[Hungary]]
**[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]]

== I ==
*[[Iceland]]
**[[Icelandic language|Icelandic]]

*[[India]]
**[[Assamese language|Assamese]] (in [[Assam]])
**[[Bengali language|Bengali]] (in [[Tripura]] and [[West Bengal]])
**[[Bhojpuri language|Bhojpuri]] (in [[Bihar]])
**[[Bodo language|Bodo]] (in [[Assam]])
**[[Chhattisgarhi language|Chhattisgarhi]] (in [[Chhattisgarh]])
**[[Dogri language|Dogri]] (in [[Jammu and Kashmir]])
**[[English language|English]] (statewide)
**[[French language|French]] (in [[Puducherry]])
**[[Garo language|Garo]] (in [[Meghalaya]])
**[[Gujarati language|Gujarati]] (in [[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]], [[Daman and Diu]], and [[Gujarat]])
**[[Hindi language|Hindi]] (statewide)
**[[Kannada language|Kannada]] (in [[Karnataka]])
**[[Karbi]] (in [[Assam]])
**[[Kashmiri language|Kashmiri]] (in [[Jammu and Kashmir]])
**[[Khasi language|Khasi]] (in [[Meghalaya]])
**[[Kokborok language|Kokborok]] (in [[Tripura]])
**[[Konkani language|Konkani]] (in [[Goa]])
**[[Magadhi language|Magadhi]] (Only in [[Bihar]])
**[[Maithili language|Maithili]] (in [[Bihar]])
**[[Malayalam language|Malayalam]] (in [[Kerala]], [[Pondicherry]] and [[Lakshadweep]])
**[[Meitei language|Meitei]] (in [[Manipur]])
**[[Marathi language|Marathi]] (in [[Maharashtra]], [[Goa]])
**[[Mizo language|Mizo]] (in [[Mizoram]])
**[[Nepali language|Nepali]] (in [[Sikkim]])
**[[Nicobarese]] (in [[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]])
**[[Oriya language|Oriya]] (in [[Orissa]])
**[[Pahari]] (in [[Himachal Pradesh]])
**[[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] (in [[Punjab, India|Punjab]])
**[[Rajasthani language|Rajasthani]] (in [[Rajasthan]])
**[[Sanskrit language|Sanskrit]] (statewide)
**[[Santali language|Santali]] (in [[Jharkhand]])
**[[Sindhi language|Sindhi]] (in [[Jammu and Kashmir]])
**[[Tamil language|Tamil]] (in [[Tamil Nadu]] and [[Pondicherry]])
**[[Telugu language|Telugu]] (in [[Andhra Pradesh]] and [[Pondicherry]])
**[[Urdu language|Urdu]] (in [[Jammu and Kashmir]] and most muslim people)

*[[Indonesia]]
**[[Indonesian language|Indonesian]]

*[[Iran]]
**[[Persian language|Persian]]

*[[Iraq]]
**[[Arabic language|Arabic]] (statewide)
**[[Kurdish language|Kurdish]] (in the [[Kurdish Autonomous Region]])

*[[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]
**[[English language|English]] (statewide)
**[[Irish language|Irish]] (statewide)
**[[Scots language|Scots]] (in [[County Donegal|Donegal]]) (minority language)

*[[Israel]]
**[[Hebrew language|Hebrew]]
**[[Arabic language|Arabic]]

*[[Italy]]
**[[Italian language|Italian]] (statewide)
**[[Albanian language|Albanian]] (in some parts of Southern Italy)
**[[Catalan language|Catalan]] (in [[Alghero|Alghero, Sardinia]])
**[[Corsican language|Corsican]] (in Northern [[Sardinia]])
**[[Croatian language|Croatian]] (in [[Province of Campobasso|Montemitro & Aquaviva Collercroce & San Felice, Molise]])
**[[Emiliano-Romagnolo language|Emiliano-Romagnolo]] (in [[Emilia-Romagna]])
**[[Franco-Provençal]] (in [[Aosta Valley]])
**[[French language|French]] (in [[Aosta Valley]])
**[[Friulian language|Friulian]] (in [[Friuli]])
**[[German language|German]] (in [[Südtirol]])
**[[Greek language|Greek]] (in some parts of [[Apulia]] and [[Calabria]])
**[[Western Lombard|Insubric Lombard]] (in Western [[Lombardy]])
**[[Ladin language|Ladin]] (in some parts of [[Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol]])
**[[Ligurian language|Ligurian]] (in [[Liguria]])
**[[Neapolitan language|Neapolitan]] (in [[Campania]], [[Abruzzo]], [[Molise]], [[Basilicata]], [[Apulia]], Northern [[Calabria]])
**[[Occitan language|Occitan]] (in [[Occitan Valleys|Occitan Valleys, Piedmont]])
**[[Eastern Lombard|Orobic Lombard]] (in Eastern [[Lombardy]])
**[[Piedmontese language|Piedmontese]] (in [[Piedmont]])
**[[Romani language|Romani]] ([[Romani people|Rom]] and [[Sinti]] communities)
**[[Sicilian language|Sicilian]] (in [[Sicily]], Southern [[Apulia]], Southern [[Calabria]])
**[[Slovenian language|Slovenian]] (in some parts of [[Friuli-Venezia Giulia]])
**[[Venetian language|Venetian]] (in [[Veneto]])

== J ==
*[[Jamaica]]
**[[English language|English]]

*[[Japan]]
**[[Japanese language|Japanese]]

*[[Jordan]]
**[[Arabic language|Arabic]]

== K ==
*[[Kazakhstan]]
**[[Kazakh language|Kazakh]] (national)
**[[Russian language|Russian]]

*[[Kenya]]
**[[English language|English]]
**[[Swahili language|Swahili]] (national)

*[[Kiribati]]
**[[English language|English]]
**[[Gilbertese language|Kiribati]] (national)

*[[North Korea|Korea, North]]
**[[Korean language|Korean]]

*[[South Korea|Korea, South]]
**[[Korean language|Korean]]

*[[Kuwait]]
**[[Arabic language|Arabic]]

*[[Kyrgyzstan]]
**[[Kyrgyz language|Kirghiz]] (national)
**[[Russian language|Russian]]

== L ==
*[[Laos]]
**[[Lao language|Lao]]

*[[Latvia]]
**[[Latvian language|Latvian]]

*[[Lebanon]]
**[[Arabic language|Arabic]]

*[[Lesotho]]
**[[English language|English]]
**[[Sotho language|Sotho]] (national)

*[[Liberia]]
**[[English language|English]]

*[[Libya]]
**[[Arabic language|Arabic]]

*[[Liechtenstein]]
**[[German language|German]]

*[[Lithuania]]
**[[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]]

*[[Luxembourg]]
**[[French language|French]]
**[[German language|German]]
**[[Luxembourgish language|Luxembourgish]] (national)

== M ==
*[[Republic of Macedonia|Macedonia, Republic of]]
**[[Albanian language|Albanian]] (in 29 [[Municipalities of the Republic of Macedonia|municipalities]])
**[[Macedonian language|Macedonian]] (statewide)
**[[Romani language|Romani]] (in [[Suto Orizari]])
**[[Serbian language|Serbian]] (in [[Cucer-Sandevo]])
**[[Turkish language|Turkish]] (in four [[Municipalities of the Republic of Macedonia|municipalities]])

*[[Madagascar]]
**[[English language|English]]
**[[French language|French]]
**[[Malagasy language|Malagasy]] (national)

*[[Malawi]]
**[[Chichewa language|Chichewa]] (national)
**[[English language|English]]

*[[Malaysia]]
**[[Malay language|Malay]] (national)

*[[Maldives]]
**[[Dhivehi language|Dhivehi]]

*[[Mali]]
**[[French language|French]]

*[[Malta]]
**[[English language|English]]
**[[Italian language|Italian]] 
**[[Maltese language|Maltese]] (national)

*[[Marshall Islands]]
**[[English language|English]]
**[[Marshallese language|Marshallese]] (national)

*[[Mauritania]]
**[[Arabic language|Arabic]] (national)
**[[French language|French]]
**[[Fula language|Fula]] (national)
**[[Soninke language|Soninke]] (national)
**[[Wolof language|Wolof]] (national)

*[[Mauritius]]
**[[English language|English]]
**[[French language|French]]

*[[Mexico]]
**[[Languages of Mexico|No official language statewide]], [[Spanish language|Spanish]] is the ''de facto'' official language

*[[Federated States of Micronesia]]
**[[Chuukese language|Chuukese]] (in [[Chuuk]])
**[[English language|English]] (statewide except in Kosrae, where it has a constitutionally protected associate status)
**[[Kosraean language|Kosraean]] (in [[Kosrae]])
**[[Pohnpeian language|Pohnpeian]] (in [[Pohnpei]])
**[[Ulithian language|Ulithian]] (in [[Yap]])
**[[Yapese language|Yapese]] (in [[Yap]])

*[[Moldova]]
**[[Gagauz language|Gagauz]] (in [[Gagauzia]])
**[[Moldovan language|Moldovan]] (or [[Romanian language|Romanian]] - statewide)
**[[Russian language|Russian]] (in [[Gagauzia]] and [[Transnistria]])
**[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] (in [[Transnistria]])

*[[Monaco]]
**[[French language|French]]
**[[English language|English]] (local language)
**[[Italian language|Italian]] (local language)
**[[Monégasque language|Monégasque]] (widely spoken)
**[[Occitan|Occitan]] (widely spoken)

*[[Mongolia]]
**[[Mongolian language|Mongolian]]

*[[Montenegro]]
**[[Serbian language|Serbian]] ([[Shtokavian dialect]])
**[[Italian language|Italian]] (in [[Kotor]])

*[[Morocco]]
**[[Arabic language|Arabic]]
**[[French language|French]]

*[[Mozambique]]
**[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]

*[[Myanmar]]
**[[Burmese language|Burmese]]

== N ==
*[[Namibia]]
**[[English language|English]] 

*[[Nauru]]
**[[English language|English]]
**[[Nauruan language|Nauruan]]

*[[Nepal]]
**[[Nepali language|Nepali]]

*[[Netherlands]]
**[[Dutch language|Dutch]] (statewide)
**[[Frisian language|Frisian]] (in [[Friesland]])
**[[Limburgish language|Limburgish]] (regional language)
**[[Dutch Low Saxon|Low Saxon]] (regional language)

*[[New Zealand]]
**[[English language|English]] is a de facto official language (statewide)
**[[Maori language|Maori]] (statewide)
**[[New Zealand Sign Language]] (statewide)
**[[Cook Islands Maori]] (in the [[Cook Islands]])
**[[Niuean language|Niuean]] (in [[Niue]])
**[[Tokelauan language|Tokelauan]] (in [[Tokelau]])

*[[Nicaragua]]
**[[Spanish language|Spanish]]
**[[English language|English]](on the [[Carribean]] coast)
**Indigenous languages (on the [[Carribean]] coast)

*[[Niger]]
**[[French language|French]]

*[[Nigeria]]
**[[English language|English]]
**[[Hausa language|Hausa]] (national)
**[[Yoruba language|Yoruba]] (national)
**[[Igbo language|Igbo]] (national)

*[[Norway]]
**[[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] (statewide)
**[[Sami language|Sami]] (in [[Kautokeino]], [[Karasjok]], [[Kåfjord]], [[Nesseby]], [[Sør-Varanger]], and [[Tana]])

== O ==
*[[Oman]]
**[[Arabic language|Arabic]]

== P ==
*[[Pakistan]]
**[[English language|English]]
**[[Urdu language|Urdu]]
**[[Sindhi language]]
**[[Pashto language]]

*[[Palau]]
**[[English language|English]] (statewide)
**[[Palauan language|Palauan]] (statewide)
**[[Japanese language|Japanese]] (in [[Angaur]])

*[[State of Palestine|Palestine]]
**[[Arabic language|Arabic]]

*[[Panama]]
**[[Spanish language|Spanish]]

*[[Papua New Guinea]]
**[[English language|English]]
**[[Hiri Motu language|Hiri Motu]]
**[[Tok Pisin]]

*[[Paraguay]]
**[[Guaraní language|Guaraní]]
**[[Spanish language|Spanish]]

*[[Peru]]
**[[Aymara language|Aymara]]
**[[Quechua language|Quechua]]
**[[Spanish language|Spanish]]

*[[Puerto Rico]]
**[[English language|English]]
**[[Spanish language|Spanish]]

*[[Philippines]]
**[[Arabic language|Arabic]] (recognized in the Constitution)
**[[Bikol language|Bikol]] (in [[Luzon]])
**[[Cebuano language|Cebuano]] (in [[Mindanao]] and the [[Visayas]])
**[[English language|English]] (statewide)
**[[Filipino language|Filipino]] (statewide) (national)
**[[Hiligaynon language|Hiligaynon]] (in the [[Visayas]])
**[[Ilokano language|Ilokano]] (in [[Luzon]])
**[[Kapampangan language|Kapampangan]] (in [[Luzon]])
**[[Kinaray-a language|Kinaray-a]] (in the [[Visayas]])
**[[Maranao language|Maranao]] (in [[Mindanao]])
**[[Maguindanao language|Maguindanao]] (in [[Mindanao]])
**[[Pangasinan language|Pangasinan]] (in [[Luzon]])
**[[Spanish language|Spanish]] (recognized in Constitution)
**[[Tagalog language|Tagalog]] (in [[Luzon]])
**[[Tausug language|Tausug]] (in [[Mindanao]])
**[[Waray-Waray language|Waray-Waray]] (in the [[Visayas]])

*[[Poland]]
**[[Polish language|Polish]]
**[[Kashubian language|Kashubian]]
**[[Silesian language|Silesian]] (dialect of [[Polish language|Polish]], defined as language by its users)

*[[Portugal]]
**[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]
**[[Mirandese language|Mirandese]] (regional, in [[Miranda do Douro]])

== Q ==
*[[Qatar]]
**[[Arabic language|Arabic]]

==R==
*[[Romania]]
**[[Romanian language|Romanian]]

*[[Russia]]
**[[Abaza language|Abaza]] (in the [[Karachay-Cherkessia|Karachay-Cherkess Republic]])
**[[Adyghe language|Adyghe]] (in the [[Adygea|Republic of Adygea]])
**[[Agul language|Agul]] (in the [[Dagestan|Republic of Dagestan]])
**[[Altay language|Altay]] (in the [[Altai Republic]])
**[[Avar language|Avar]] (in the [[Dagestan|Republic of Dagestan]])
**[[Bashkir language|Bashkir]] (in the [[Bashkortostan|Republic of Bashkortostan]])
**[[Buryat language|Buryat]] (in [[Agin-Buryat Autonomous Okrug]], [[Buryatia|Buryat Republic]], and [[Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug]])
**[[Chechen language|Chechen]] (in the [[Chechnya|Chechen Republic]])
**[[Chukchi language|Chukchi]] (in [[Chukotka Autonomous Okrug]])
**[[Chuvash language|Chuvash]] (in the [[Chuvashia|Chuvash Republic]])
**[[Dargin language|Dargin]] (in the [[Dagestan|Republic of Dagestan]])
**[[Dolgan language|Dolgan]] (in [[Taymyr Autonomous Okrug]])
**[[Erzya language|Erzya]] (in the [[Mordovia|Republic of Mordovia]])
**[[Evenk language|Evenk]] (in [[Evenk Autonomous Okrug]])
**[[Ingush language|Ingush]] (in the [[Ingushetia|Republic of Ingushetia]])
**[[Kabardian language|Kabardian]] (in the [[Kabardino-Balkaria|Kabardino-Balkar]] and [[Karachay-Cherkessia|Karachay-Cherkess Republic]]s)
**[[Kalmyk language|Kalmyk]] (in the [[Kalmykia|Republic of Kalmykia]])
**[[Karachay-Balkar language|Karachay-Balkar]] (in the [[Kabardino-Balkaria|Kabardino-Balkar]] and [[Karachay-Cherkessia|Karachay-Cherkess Republic]]s)
**[[Khakas language|Khakas]] (in the [[Khakassia|Republic of Khakassia]])
**[[Khanty language|Khanty]] (in [[Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug]])
**[[Komi-Permyak language|Komi-Permyak]] (in [[Komi-Permyak Okrug]])
**[[Komi-Zyrian language|Komi-Zyrian]] (in the [[Komi Republic]])
**[[Koryak language|Koryak]] (in [[Koryak Autonomous Okrug]])
**[[Kumyk language|Kumyk]] (in the [[Dagestan|Republic of Dagestan]])
**[[Lak language|Lak]] (in the [[Dagestan|Republic of Dagestan]])
**[[Lezgi language|Lezgi]] (in the [[Dagestan|Republic of Dagestan]])
**[[Mansi language|Mansi]] (in [[Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug]])
**[[Mari language|Mari]] (in the [[Mari El|Mari El Republic]])
**[[Moksha language|Moksha]] (in the [[Mordovia|Republic of Mordovia]])
**[[Nogai language|Nogai]] (in the [[Karachay-Cherkessia|Karachay-Cherkess Republic]] and in the [[Dagestan|Republic of Dagestan]])
**[[Nenets language|Nenets]] (in [[Nenets Autonomous Okrug]])
**[[Ossetic language|Ossetic]] (in the [[North Ossetia-Alania|Republic of North Ossetia-Alania]])
**[[Russian language|Russian]] (federal)
**[[Tabasaran language|Tabasaran]] (in the [[Dagestan|Republic of Dagestan]])
**[[Tatar language|Tatar]] (in the [[Tatarstan|Republic of Tatarstan]])
**[[Tuvan language|Tuvin]] (in the [[Tuva|Tuva Republic]])
**[[Udmurt language|Udmurt]] (in the [[Udmurtia|Republic of Udmurtia]])
**[[Yakut language|Yakut]] (in the [[Sakha Republic]])
**[[Yiddish language|Yiddish]] (in the [[Jewish Autonomous Oblast]])

*[[Rwanda]]
**[[English language|English]]
**[[French language|French]]
**[[Kinyarwanda language|Kinyarwanda]]

==S==
*[[Saint Kitts and Nevis]]
**[[English language|English]]

*[[Saint Lucia]]
**[[English language|English]]

*[[Saint Vincent and the Grenadines]]
**[[English language|English]]

*[[Samoa]]
**[[English language|English]]
**[[Samoan language|Samoan]] (national)

*[[San Marino]]
**[[Italian language|Italian]]

*[[São Tomé and Príncipe]]
**[[Portuguese language|Portuguese]]

*[[Saudi Arabia]]
**[[Arabic language|Arabic]]

*[[Senegal]]
**[[French language|French]]
**[[Jola language|Jola-Fogny]] (national)
**[[Malinke language|Malinke]] (national)
**[[Mandinka language|Mandinka]] (national)
**[[Pulaar language|Pulaar]] (national)
**[[Serer-Sine]] (national)
**[[Wolof language|Wolof]] (national)

*[[Serbia]]
**[[Albanian language|Albanian]] (in [[Kosovo]])
**[[Bosnian language|Bosniak]] (in [[Sandzak]])
**[[Croatian language|Croatian]] (in [[Vojvodina]])
**[[English language|English]] (in [[Kosovo]])
**[[Italian language|Italian]] (in [[Kosovo]])
**[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] (in [[Vojvodina]])
**[[Romanian language|Romanian]] (in [[Vojvodina]])
**[[Ruthenian language|Ruthenian]] (in [[Vojvodina]])
**[[Serbian language|Serbian]] (statewide)
**[[Slovak language|Slovak]] (in [[Vojvodina]])
**[[Turkish language|Turkish]] (in [[Kosovo]])
**[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] (in parts of [[Serbia]])

*[[Seychelles]]
**[[English language|English]]
**[[French language|French]]
**[[Seychellois Creole]]

*[[Sierra Leone]]
**[[English language|English]]

*[[Singapore]]
**[[English language|English]]
**[[Malay language|Malay]] (national)
**[[Standard Mandarin|Mandarin]]
**[[Tamil language|Tamil]]

*[[Slovakia]]
**[[Slovak language|Slovak]]

*[[Slovenia]]
**[[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] (minority language in [[Dobrovnik]], [[Hodoš]], and [[Lendava]])
**[[Italian language|Italian]] (minority language in [[Izola]], [[Koper]], and [[Piran]])
**[[Slovenian language|Slovenian]] (statewide)

*[[Solomon Islands]]
**[[English language|English]]

*[[Somalia]]
**[[Somali language|Somali]]
**[[Italian language|Italian]] 
**[[Arabic language|Arabic]] (in [[Puntland]] and [[Somaliland]])
**[[English language|English]] (in [[Somaliland]])

*[[South Africa]]
**[[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]]
**[[English language|English]]
**[[Ndebele language|Ndebele]]
**[[Northern Sotho language|Northern Sotho]]
**[[Sotho language|Sotho]]
**[[Swati language|Swazi]]
**[[Tsonga language|Tsonga]]
**[[Tswana language|Tswana]]
**[[Venda language|Venda]]
**[[Xhosa language|Xhosa]]
**[[Zulu language|Zulu]]

*[[Spain]]
**[[Basque language|Basque]] (in [[Basque Country (autonomous community)|Basque Country]] and [[Navarre]])
**[[Catalan language|Catalan]] (in the [[Balearic Islands]], [[Catalonia]] and [[Valencia (autonomous community)|Valencia]])
**[[Galician language|Galician]] (in [[Galicia (Spain)|Galicia]])
**[[Occitan]] (in [[Val d'Aran]])
**[[Spanish language|Spanish]] (statewide)

*[[Sri Lanka]]
**[[Sinhalese language|Sinhala]]
**[[Tamil language|Tamil]]

*[[Sudan]]
**[[Arabic language|Arabic]] 
**[[English language|English]] 

*[[Suriname]]
**[[Dutch language|Dutch]]

*[[Swaziland]]
**[[English language|English]]
**[[Swati language|Swazi]]

*[[Sweden]]
**No official language statewide, [[Swedish language|Swedish]] is the ''de facto'' official language.
**[[Finnish language|Finnish]] (in [[Gällivare Municipality|Gällivare]], [[Haparanda Municipality|Haparanda]], [[Kiruna Municipality|Kiruna]], [[Pajala Municipality|Pajala]], [[Övertorneå Municipality|Övertorneå]], and the surrounding areas) ([[minority languages of Sweden|minority language]])
**[[Meänkieli]] (in [[Gällivare Municipality|Gällivare]], [[Haparanda Municipality|Haparanda]], [[Kiruna Municipality|Kiruna]], [[Pajala Municipality|Pajala]], [[Övertorneå Municipality|Övertorneå]], and the surrounding areas) ([[minority languages of Sweden|minority language]])
**[[Romani language|Romani]] ([[minority languages of Sweden|historical minority language]])
**[[Sami languages|Sami]] (in [[Arjeplog Municipality|Arjeplog]], [[Gällivare Municipality|Gällivare]], [[Jokkmokk Municipality|Jokkmokk]], [[Kiruna Municipality|Kiruna]], and the surrounding areas) ([[minority languages of Sweden|minority language]])
**[[Yiddish language|Yiddish]] ([[minority languages of Sweden|historical minority language]])

*[[Switzerland]]
**[[French language|French]] (in [[Canton of Bern|Bern]], [[Canton of Fribourg|Fribourg]], [[Canton of Geneva|Geneva]], [[Canton of Jura|Jura]], [[Canton of Neuchâtel|Neuchâtel]], [[Valais]], and [[Vaud]])
**[[German language|German]] (in [[Aargau]], [[Appenzell Ausserrhoden]], [[Appenzell Innerrhoden]], [[Basel-Landschaft]], [[Basel-Stadt]], [[Canton of Bern|Bern]], [[Canton of Fribourg|Fribourg]], [[Canton of Glarus|Glarus]], [[Graubünden]], [[Canton of Lucerne|Lucerne]], [[Nidwalden]], [[Obwalden]], [[Canton of St. Gallen|Saint Gallen]], [[Canton of Schaffhausen|Schaffhausen]], [[Canton of Schwyz|Schwyz]], [[Canton of Solothurn|Solothurn]], [[Thurgau]], [[Canton of Uri|Uri]], [[Valais]], [[Canton of Zug|Zug]], and [[Canton of Zürich|Zürich]])
**[[Italian language|Italian]] (in [[Graubünden]] and [[Ticino]])
**[[Romansh language|Romansh]] (in [[Graubünden]])

*[[Syria]]
**[[Arabic language|Arabic]]
**[[French language|French]]

== T ==
*[[Republic of China|Taiwan (Republic of China)]] <cite id=ROC> </cite>
**[[Standard Mandarin|Mandarin]] (national)

*[[Tajikistan]]
**[[Tajik language|Tajik]]

*[[Tanzania]]
**[[English language|English]]
**[[Swahili language|Swahili]] (national)

*[[Thailand]]
**[[Thai language|Thai]]

*[[Togo]]
**[[French language|French]]

*[[Tonga]]
**[[English language|English]]
**[[Tongan language|Tongan]] (national)

*[[Trinidad and Tobago]]
**[[English language|English]]

*[[Tunisia]]
**[[Arabic language|Arabic]] (national)
**[[French language|French]]

*[[Turkey]]
**[[Turkish language|Turkish]]

*[[Turkmenistan]]
**[[Turkmen language|Turkmen]]

*[[Tuvalu]]
**[[English language|English]]
**[[Tuvaluan language|Tuvaluan]] (national)

== U ==
*[[Uganda]]
**[[English language|English]]
**[[Swahili language|Swahili]] (national)

*[[Ukraine]]
**[[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]]
**[[Russian language|Russian]](minority language)

*[[United Arab Emirates]]
**[[Arabic language|Arabic]]

*[[United Kingdom]]
**No official language statewide, [[English language|English]] is the ''de facto'' official language.
**[[Cornish language|Cornish]] (in [[Cornwall]]) (minority language)
**[[Dgèrnésiais]] (in [[Guernsey]])
**[[English language|English]] (in [[Anguilla]], [[Bermuda]], the [[British Indian Ocean Territory]], the [[British Virgin Islands]], the [[Cayman Islands]], the [[Falkland Islands]], [[Gibraltar]], [[Guernsey]], [[Jersey]], [[Montserrat]], [[Northern Ireland]], the [[Pitcairn Islands]], [[Saint Helena]] and [[Turks and Caicos Islands]])
**[[French language|French]] (in [[Guernsey]] and [[Jersey]])
**[[Irish language|Irish]] (in [[Northern Ireland]]) (minority language)
**[[Jèrriais]] (in [[Jersey]])
**[[Pitcairnese language|Pitcairnese]] (in the [[Pitcairn Islands]])
**[[Scots language|Scots]] (in [[Northern Ireland]] and [[Scotland]]) (minority language)
**[[Scottish Gaelic language|Scottish Gaelic]] (in [[Scotland]])
**[[Welsh language|Welsh]] (in [[Wales]])

*[[United States]] 
**No official language nationwide, [[English language|English]] is the ''de facto'' official language and the national language.
**[[Carolinian language|Carolinian]] (in the [[Northern Mariana Islands]])
**[[Chamorro language|Chamorro]] (in [[Guam]] and the [[Northern Mariana Islands]])
**[[English language|English]] (in [[Alabama]], [[American Samoa]], [[Arizona]], [[Arkansas]], [[California]], [[Colorado]], [[Florida]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[Guam]], [[Hawaii]], [[Illinois]], [[Indiana]], [[Iowa]], [[Kentucky]], [[Massachusetts]], [[Mississippi]], [[Missouri]], [[Montana]], [[Nebraska]], [[New Hampshire]], [[North Carolina]], [[North Dakota]], the [[Northern Mariana Islands]], [[Puerto Rico]], [[South Carolina]], [[South Dakota]], [[Tennessee]], the [[U.S. Virgin Islands]], [[Utah]], [[Virginia]], and [[Wyoming]])
**[[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian]] (in [[Hawaii]])
**[[Samoan language|Samoan]] (in [[American Samoa]]) 
**[[Spanish language|Spanish]] (in [[Puerto Rico]]) 

*[[Uruguay]]
**[[Spanish language|Spanish]]

*[[Uzbekistan]]
**[[Uzbek language|Uzbek]]

== V ==
*[[Vanuatu]]
**[[Bislama language|Bislama]] (national)
**[[English language|English]]
**[[French language|French]]

*[[Vatican City]]
**No official language; [[Latin]] is the ''de facto'' official language.

*[[Venezuela]]
**[[Spanish language|Spanish]]

*[[Vietnam]]
**[[Vietnamese language|Vietnamese]]

== W ==
*[[Western Sahara]]
**[[Arabic language|Arabic]]

== Y ==
*[[Yemen]]
**[[Arabic language|Arabic]]

== Z ==
*[[Zambia]]
**[[English language|English]]

*[[Zimbabwe]]
**[[English language|English]]
**[[Shona language|Shona]]
**[[Ndebele language|Ndebele]]
== See also ==
*[[List of official languages]]
*[[List of countries by native names]]
*[[List of countries and capitals in native languages]]

[[Category:Lists of languages]]

[[en:List of official languages by state]]
[[es:Anexo:Idiomas oficiales por Estado]]
[[fi:Luettelo virallisista kielistä valtioittain]]
[[id:Daftar bahasa nasional dan bahasa resmi di dunia]]
[[it:Lista di lingue ufficiali]]
[[ja:各国の公用語の一覧]]
[[la:Linguarum officialium catalogus]]
[[mn:Албан ёсны хэлнүүдийн жагсаалт (улс орноор)]]
[[nl:Lijst van officiële talen naar land]]
[[pl:Języki urzędowe państw świata]]
[[pt:Anexo:Lista de línguas oficiais por país]]
[[vi:Danh sách các ngôn ngữ chính thức theo quốc gia]]
[[yo:Àkójọ àwọn èdè iṣẹ́ọba gẹ́gẹ́ bíi ọrílẹ̀-èdè]]
[[zh:各国官方语言列表it:Lista di lingue ufficiali]]