Revision 334270 of "Ali" on scowiki

'''{{Unicode|Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib}}''' ({{lang-ar-at|a=علي بن أﺑﻲ طالب|t=ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib}}, {{IPA-ar|ʕaliː ibn ʔæbiː t̪ˤɑːlib|}}; 13<sup>th</sub> [[Rajab]], 24 [[Islamic calendar#Numberin the years|BH]]–21<sup>st</sub> [[Ramadan (calendar month)|Ramaḍān]], 40 AH; approximately October 23, 598 or 600<ref name="Khashayar">{{Harvnb|Ahmed|2005|p=234}}</ref>  or Mairch 17, 599 in [[Mecca]]&nbsp;– Januar 27, 661<ref name="Iranica">{{cite encyclopedia | title = Ali ibn Abutalib | encyclopedia = Encyclopædia Iranica | accessdate = 2010-12-16|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20071107180319/http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v1f8/v1f8a043.html}}</ref> in [[Kufa]]) wis the cousin an son-in-law o the [[Prophets o Islam|Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]], an ruled ower the [[Rashidun Caliphate]] frae 656 tae 661, an wis the first male convert tae Islam.<ref>{{Harvnb|Kelen|2001|p=29}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Watt|1953|p=xii}}</ref> [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[Muslim]]s consider Ali the fowert an feenal o the ''[[Rashidun]]'' (richtly guidit [[Caliph]]s), while [[Shia Islam|Shi'a]] Muslims regard Ali as the first [[Imamah (Shia doctrine)|Imam]] an consider him an his descendants the [[Succession tae Muhammad|richtful successors tae Muhammad]], aw o which are members o the ''[[Ahl al-Bayt]]'', the hoosehauld o Muhammad. This disagreement split the ''[[Ummah]]'' (Muslim community) intae the Sunni an Shi'a branches.<ref name="Britannica">{{cite encyclopedia|last=Nasr |first=Seyyed Hossein | authorlink=Seyyed Hossein Nasr | title=Ali |year=| encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online | accessdate=2007-10-12 |location=|publisher= Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9005712/Ali}}</ref>  

== Biography ==
Muslim sources, especially Shi'a anes, state that durin Muhammad's time, Ali wis the anerlie body born in the [[Kaaba]] sanctuary in [[Mecca]], the holiest place in Islam.<ref name="Britannica"/> His faither wis [[Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib]] an his mither wis [[Fatima bint Asad]],<ref name="Britannica"/> but he wis raised in the hoosehauld o Muhammad, who hissel wis raised bi Abu Talib, Muhammad's uncle. When Muhammad reportit receivin a [[Wahy|divine revelation]], Ali wis the first male tae accept his message, dedicatin his life tae the cause of [[Islam]].<ref name="Iranica"/><ref name="Tabatabae191">{{Harvnb|Tabatabaei|1979|p=11}}</ref><ref name="Ashraf 2005 p=14">{{Harvnb|Ashraf|2005|p=14}}</ref><ref name="Islam">{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia of Islam and the Muslim world; vol.1 | last = Diana | first = Steigerwald | title=Ali ibn Abu Talib | publisher = MacMillan | isbn =0028656040}}</ref>

Ali [[Hijra (Islam)|migratit]] tae [[Medina]] shortly efter Muhammad did. Ance there Muhammad tauld Ali that [[God]] haed ordered Muhammad tae give his dochter, [[Fatimah]], tae Ali in marriage.<ref name="Britannica"/> For the ten years that Muhammad led the community in Medina, Ali wis extremely active in his service, leadin pairties o warriors on battles, an carryin messages an orders. Ali teuk pairt in the early [[caravan raids]] frae [[Mecca]] an later in amaist aw the battles fought bi the nascent Muslim community.

Ali wis appointit [[Caliph]] bi the Companions o Muhammad (the ''[[Sahaba]]'') in Medina efter the assassination o the third caliph, [[Uthman ibn Affan]].<ref name="Ashraf (2005), pp. 119-120"/><ref name="Madelung (1997), pp. 141-145" />
He encoontered defiance an [[First Fitna|ceevil war]] durin his reign. In 661, Ali wis attacked ane fore-nuin while worshippin in the [[mosque]] o [[Kufa]], an dee'd a few days later.<ref>{{Harvnb|Lapidus|2002|p=47}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Holt|Lambton|Lewis|1970|pp=70–72}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Tabatabaei|1979|pp=50–75 and 192}}</ref>

In [[Islamic cultur|Muslim cultur]], Ali is respectit for his courage, knowledge, belief, honesty, unbendin devotion tae Islam, deep loyalty tae Muhammad, equal treatment o aw Muslims an generosity in forgivin his defeatit enemies, an therefore is central tae meestical traditions in Islam such as [[Sufism]]. Ali retains his stature as an authority on [[Tafsir|Qur'anic exegesis]], [[Fiqh|Islamic jurisprudence]] an releegious thought.<ref name="Madelung 1997 p=309 and 310">{{Harvnb|Madelung|1997|p=309 and 310}}</ref> Ali haulds a heich position in amaist aw [[Tariqah|Sufi orders]] which trace their lineage through him tae Muhammad. Ali's influence haes been important throughout [[Muslim history|Islamic history]].<ref name="Britannica"/>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Freemit airtins ==
* [http://www.islamtimes.org/vdce.v8fbjh8p7k1ij.html The Secret o Imam Ali's Force o Attraction]
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20071107180319/http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v1f8/v1f8a043.html Ali ibn Abi Talib] bi [[Ismail Poonawala|I. K. Poonawala]] an E. Kohlberg in ''[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]''
* [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9005712/Ali Ali], airticle in ''Enyclopaedia Britannica Online''

[[Category:Ali| ]]
[[Category:Islam]]

[[af:Ali]]
[[an:Alí]]
[[ang:Alī]]
[[ar:علي بن أبي طالب]]
[[arz:على بن ابى طالب]]
[[az:Əli bin Əbu Talib]]
[[ba:Али (Ғәли) Әбү Талип]]
[[be:Алі ібн Абу Таліб]]
[[be-x-old:Алі]]
[[bg:Али ибн Абу Талиб]]
[[bn:আলী ইবন আবী তালিব]]
[[br:Ali ibn Abi Talib]]
[[bs:Alija ibn Ebu-Talib]]
[[ca:Alí ibn Abi-Tàlib]]
[[ckb:عەلی کوڕی ئەبووتالیب]]
[[cs:Alí]]
[[da:Ali]]
[[de:ʿAlī ibn Abī Tālib]]
[[diq:Eli]]
[[dv:ޢަލީގެފާނު]]
[[el:Αλής]]
[[en:Ali]]
[[eo:Ali ibn Abi Talib]]
[[es:Ali Ibn Abi Talib]]
[[et:‘Alī ibn Abī Ţālib]]
[[eu:Ali ibn Abi Talib]]
[[fa:علی بن ابی‌طالب]]
[[fi:Ali ibn Abi Talib]]
[[fr:Ali ibn Abi Talib]]
[[fy:Aly ibn Abû Talyb]]
[[gl:Ali ibn Abi Talib]]
[[he:עלי בן אבי טאלב]]
[[hi:अली इब्न अबू तालिब]]
[[hr:Ali]]
[[hu:Ali kalifa]]
[[hy:Ալի իբն Աբի Թալիբ]]
[[id:Ali bin Abi Thalib]]
[[is:Alí ibn Abu Talib]]
[[it:Ali ibn Abi Talib]]
[[ja:アリー・イブン・アビー・ターリブ]]
[[jv:Ali bin Abi Tholib]]
[[ka:ალი იბნ აბუ ტალიბი]]
[[kk:Әли ибн Әбу Талиб]]
[[ko:알리 이븐 아비 탈리브]]
[[ku:Elî]]
[[la:Ali]]
[[lv:Alī Ibn Abū Tālibs]]
[[ml:അലി ബിൻ അബീത്വാലിബ്‌]]
[[ms:Ali bin Abi Talib]]
[[mzn:علی]]
[[nl:Ali ibn Aboe Talib]]
[[nn:Ali ibn Abi Talib]]
[[no:Ali ibn Abi Talib]]
[[pl:Ali ibn Abi Talib]]
[[pnb:علی]]
[[ps:علي بن ابي طالب]]
[[pt:Ali]]
[[ro:Ali]]
[[ru:Али ибн Абу Талиб]]
[[sd:علي]]
[[sh:Alija]]
[[simple:Ali]]
[[so:Cali bin Abii Daalib]]
[[sq:Ali Ibn Ebi Talib]]
[[sr:Алија]]
[[su:Ali bin Abi Tolib]]
[[sv:Ali ibn Abi Talib]]
[[sw:Ali ibn Abu Talib]]
[[ta:அலீ]]
[[te:అలీ ఇబ్న్ అబీ తాలిబ్]]
[[tg:Алӣ]]
[[th:อะลี อิบน์ อะบี ฏอลิบ]]
[[tl:Ali ibn Abi Talib]]
[[tr:Ali]]
[[tt:Гали ибне Әбү Талиб]]
[[udm:Али ибн Аби Талиб]]
[[uk:Алі ібн Абу Таліб]]
[[ur:علی بن ابی طالب]]
[[uz:Ali]]
[[vi:Ali bin Abu Talib]]
[[wa:Ali (calife)]]
[[war:Ali]]
[[zh:阿里·本·阿比·塔利卜]]