Revision 352605 of "Ali" on scowiki

'''{{Unicode|Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib}}''' ({{lang-ar-at|a=علي بن أﺑﻲ طالب|t=ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib}}, {{IPA-ar|ʕaliː ibn ʔæbiː t̪ˤɑːlib|}}; 13<sup>th</sub> [[Rajab]], 24 [[Islamic calendar#Numberin the years|BH]]–21<sup>st</sub> [[Ramadan (calendar month)|Ramaḍān]], 40 AH; approximately October 23, 598 or 600<ref name="Khashayar">{{Harvnb|Ahmed|2005|p=234}}</ref>  or Mairch 17, 599 in [[Mecca]]&nbsp;– Januar 27, 661<ref name="Iranica">{{cite encyclopedia | title = Ali ibn Abutalib | encyclopedia = Encyclopædia Iranica | accessdate = 2010-12-16|url=http://web.archive.org/web/20071107180319/http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v1f8/v1f8a043.html}}</ref> in [[Kufa]]) wis the cousin an son-in-law o the [[Prophets o Islam|Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]], an ruled ower the [[Rashidun Caliphate]] frae 656 tae 661, an wis the first male convert tae Islam.<ref>{{Harvnb|Kelen|2001|p=29}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Watt|1953|p=xii}}</ref> [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[Muslim]]s consider Ali the fowert an feenal o the ''[[Rashidun]]'' (richtly guidit [[Caliph]]s), while [[Shia Islam|Shi'a]] Muslims regard Ali as the first [[Imamah (Shia doctrine)|Imam]] an consider him an his descendants the [[Succession tae Muhammad|richtful successors tae Muhammad]], aw o which are members o the ''[[Ahl al-Bayt]]'', the hoosehauld o Muhammad. This disagreement split the ''[[Ummah]]'' (Muslim community) intae the Sunni an Shi'a branches.<ref name="Britannica">{{cite encyclopedia|last=Nasr |first=Seyyed Hossein | authorlink=Seyyed Hossein Nasr | title=Ali |year=| encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online | accessdate=2007-10-12 |location=|publisher= Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9005712/Ali}}</ref>  

== Biography ==
Muslim sources, especially Shi'a anes, state that durin Muhammad's time, Ali wis the anerlie body born in the [[Kaaba]] sanctuary in [[Mecca]], the holiest place in Islam.<ref name="Britannica"/> His faither wis [[Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib]] an his mither wis [[Fatima bint Asad]],<ref name="Britannica"/> but he wis raised in the hoosehauld o Muhammad, who hissel wis raised bi Abu Talib, Muhammad's uncle. When Muhammad reportit receivin a [[Wahy|divine revelation]], Ali wis the first male tae accept his message, dedicatin his life tae the cause of [[Islam]].<ref name="Iranica"/><ref name="Tabatabae191">{{Harvnb|Tabatabaei|1979|p=11}}</ref><ref name="Ashraf 2005 p=14">{{Harvnb|Ashraf|2005|p=14}}</ref><ref name="Islam">{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia of Islam and the Muslim world; vol.1 | last = Diana | first = Steigerwald | title=Ali ibn Abu Talib | publisher = MacMillan | isbn =0028656040}}</ref>

Ali [[Hijra (Islam)|migratit]] tae [[Medina]] shortly efter Muhammad did. Ance there Muhammad tauld Ali that [[God]] haed ordered Muhammad tae give his dochter, [[Fatimah]], tae Ali in marriage.<ref name="Britannica"/> For the ten years that Muhammad led the community in Medina, Ali wis extremely active in his service, leadin pairties o warriors on battles, an carryin messages an orders. Ali teuk pairt in the early [[caravan raids]] frae [[Mecca]] an later in amaist aw the battles fought bi the nascent Muslim community.

Ali wis appointit [[Caliph]] bi the Companions o Muhammad (the ''[[Sahaba]]'') in Medina efter the assassination o the third caliph, [[Uthman ibn Affan]].<ref name="Ashraf (2005), pp. 119-120"/><ref name="Madelung (1997), pp. 141-145" />
He encoontered defiance an [[First Fitna|ceevil war]] durin his reign. In 661, Ali wis attacked ane fore-nuin while worshippin in the [[mosque]] o [[Kufa]], an dee'd a few days later.<ref>{{Harvnb|Lapidus|2002|p=47}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Holt|Lambton|Lewis|1970|pp=70–72}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Tabatabaei|1979|pp=50–75 and 192}}</ref>

In [[Islamic cultur|Muslim cultur]], Ali is respectit for his courage, knowledge, belief, honesty, unbendin devotion tae Islam, deep loyalty tae Muhammad, equal treatment o aw Muslims an generosity in forgivin his defeatit enemies, an therefore is central tae meestical traditions in Islam such as [[Sufism]]. Ali retains his stature as an authority on [[Tafsir|Qur'anic exegesis]], [[Fiqh|Islamic jurisprudence]] an releegious thought.<ref name="Madelung 1997 p=309 and 310">{{Harvnb|Madelung|1997|p=309 and 310}}</ref> Ali haulds a heich position in amaist aw [[Tariqah|Sufi orders]] which trace their lineage through him tae Muhammad. Ali's influence haes been important throughout [[Muslim history|Islamic history]].<ref name="Britannica"/>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Freemit airtins ==
* [http://www.islamtimes.org/vdce.v8fbjh8p7k1ij.html The Secret o Imam Ali's Force o Attraction]
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20071107180319/http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v1f8/v1f8a043.html Ali ibn Abi Talib] bi [[Ismail Poonawala|I. K. Poonawala]] an E. Kohlberg in ''[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]''
* [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9005712/Ali Ali], airticle in ''Enyclopaedia Britannica Online''

[[Category:Ali| ]]
[[Category:Islam]]