Revision 692813 of "Ali" on scowiki

{{infobox
| bodyclass   = vcard
| above       =  `Alî ibn Abî Ṭâlib<br /> <small>1st [[Shia Islam|Shia]] [[Imamate|Imam]] </small> <br /> <small>4t [[Caliph]] o [[Rashidun Caliphate]] </small> <br /> <small> Rashidun Caliph in [[Kufa]] </small>
Al-Murtaza (Chosen Ane)
Amir Al-Mu'mineen (Commander o the Faithfu)
| image       = <!-- Do not change this image without first presenting your preferred replacement on the talk page. -->[[File:Rashidun Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib - علي بن أبي طالب.svg|225px|frameless|center]]
|caption=Calligraphic representation o Ali
| header2     = Islamic Caliphate during his reign <br />
[[File:Mohammad adil rais-Caliph Ali's empire 661.PNG|226px|center]]
| header3     = Fowert richtly guided Caliph (Sunni Islam's view), Successor o [[Muhammad]] (Shi'ah Islam's view) an Amir al-Mu'minin <br />("Commander o the Faithfu")
|label4= Full name
|data4= Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib <br /> (علي بن أبي طالب)
|label5= Reign
|data5= 656–661 <includeonly><ref name="Britannica"/></includeonly>
|label6= Born
|data6= 13t [[Rajab]] [[Islamic calendar#Nummerin the years|23 BH]]<br />[[Approximation|≈]] 600<ref name="Britannica"/><ref name="Iranica"/> or Sep. 20, 601<ref>Al-Haj Salmin, Muhammad Ali. ''Ali The Caliph''. p. 3 & 6. Qassim Ali Jairazbhoy Publishers; 1931 1st Edition.</ref> or Jul. 17, 607<ref>Abu Mikhnaf, Lut bin Yahya. ''Kitab Maqtal Ali'' (144 AH / 761 CE). Hashami, Ibrahim bin Sulayman. ''Kitab Maqtal Amir Al-Muminin'' (183 AH / 799 CE). Al-Kalbi, Hisham ibn Muhammad. ''Maqtal Amir ul-Muminin'' (201 AH / 817 CE). Reference: I.M.A.M. (Imam Mahdi Assoc. of Marjaeya) Publication (Muharram-Safar 1427 AH), Vol. 2-Issue 5.</ref> [[Common Era|CE]]
|label7= Birthplace
|data7= [[Kaaba]],<ref name="Britannica"/> [[Mecca]], [[Arabie]]<includeonly><ref name="Britannica"/></includeonly>
|label8= Died
|data8= 21st [[Ramadan|Ramadan ul Mubarak]] [[Islamic calendar|40&nbsp;AH]]<br />≈ Jan. 27, 661 [[Common Era|CE]]<ref name="Iranica"/><ref>Shad, Abdur Rahman. ''Ali Al-Murtaza''. Kazi Publications; 1978 1st Edition. Mohiyuddin, Dr. Ata. ''Ali The Superman''. Sh. Muhammad Ashraf Publishers; 1980 1st Edition. Lalljee, Yousuf N. ''Ali The Magnificent''. Ansariyan Publications; Jan 1981 1st Edition.</ref>
|label9= Daithplace
|data9= [[Great Mosque o Kufa]], [[Kufa]], [[Iraq]]
|label10= Place o burial
|data10= [[Imam Ali Mosque]], [[Najaf]], [[Iraq]] 
|label11= Predecessor
|data11= • [[Uthman Ibn Affan]]<br />(As Fowerth [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[Caliphate|Caliph]])<br />• Muhammad<br />(As First [[Shia Imam]])
|label12= Successor
|data12= • [[Hasan ibn Ali|Hasan]]<br />(As Second Shia Imam)<br /> • Hasan ibn Ali<br />(As Fift Sunni Caliph),
|label13= Faither
|data13= [[Abu Talib ibn ‘Abd al-Muttalib]]
|label14= Mither
|data14= [[Fatima bint Asad]]
|label15= Brither(s)
|data15=  • [[Ja`far ibn Abī Tālib]]<br />• [[Aqeel ibn Abi Talib]]<br />• Talib ibn Abu Talib
|label16= Sister(s)
|data16=  • [[Fakhitah bint Abi Talib]]<br />• [[Jumanah bint Abi Talib]]
|label17= Spoose(s)
|data17=  • [[Fatimah]]<br />• [[Umamah bint Zainab]]<br />• [[Umm ul-Banin]]<br />• Leila bint Masoud<br />• [[Asma bint Umays]]<br />• [[Khawlah bint Ja'far]]<br />• Al Sahba'bint Rabi'ah
|label18= Son(s)
|data18=  • [[Muhsin ibn Ali]]<br />• [[Hassan ibn Ali]]<br />• [[Husayn ibn Ali]]<br />• [[Hilal ibn Ali]]<br />• [[Al-Abbas ibn Ali]]<br />• Abdullah ibn Ali<br />• Jafar ibn Ali<br />• Uthman ibn Ali<br />• Ubaid Allah bin Ali <br />• Abi Bakr bin Ali<br />• [[Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah]]<br />• Umar bin Ali <br />• [[Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr]] (adopted)
|label19= Dauchter(s)
|data19=  • [[Zaynab bint Ali]]<br />• [[Umm Kulthum bint Ali]]<br />• [[Ruqayyah bint Ali]]
|label20= Descendants
|data20= [[Seyyed]], [[Alavi (surname)|Alavi]]
|label21= Ither tetles
|data21= <small> • '''Bab-e-Madinatul-ilm'''<br />("The duir tae the ceety o Knawledge")<br />• '''[[Abu Turab]]'''<br />("Faither o the Sile")<br />• '''Murtadha'''<br />("Ane Who Is Chosen an Contentit")<br />• '''Asadullah'''<br />("Lion o God")<br />• '''Haydar'''<br />("Braveheart") <includeonly><ref name="Britannica"/></includeonly><br /></small>
|data22= <div class="hlist" style="font-family:Palatino Linotype; font-weight:bold; font-size: 120%;">}}
'''Ali'''{{Efn|Full name: '''Ali ibn Abi Talib''' ({{lang-ar|عَلِي ابْن أَبِي طَالِب|ʿAlī bin Abī Ṭālib}}), {{IPA-ar|ʕaliː bɪn  ʔabiː t̪ˤaːlɪb}}.}} ({{lang-ar|عَلِي|ʿAlī}}, {{IPA-ar|ʕaliː|pron}}</ref> ; 601 – 29 Januar 661)<ref name="Iranica">{{cite encyclopedia|title = Alī ibn Abu Talib|encyclopedia = Encyclopædia Iranica|accessdate = 16 December 2010|url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ali-b-abi-taleb|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110429163734/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ali-b-abi-taleb|archivedate = 29 April 2011|deadurl = no|df = mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="Al-Islam">{{cite web|url=http://www.al-islam.org/articles/life-commander-faithful-ali-ibn-abu-talib|last=Al-Islam|title=The Life of the Commander of the Faithful Ali Ibn Abu Talib (as)|accessdate=6 December 2015}}</ref> wis the cuisin an son-in-law o the [[Prophets o Islam|Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]], an ruled ower the [[Rashidun Caliphate]] frae 656 tae 661, an wis the first male convert tae Islam.<ref>{{Harvnb|Kelen|2001|p=29}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Watt|1953|p=xii}}</ref> [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[Muslim]]s consider Ali the fowert an feenal o the ''[[Rashidun]]'' (richtly guidit [[Caliph]]s), while [[Shia Islam|Shi'a]] Muslims regaird Ali as the first [[Imamah (Shia doctrine)|Imam]] an consider him an his descendants the [[Succession tae Muhammad|richtful successors tae Muhammad]], aw o which are members o the ''[[Ahl al-Bayt]]'', the hoosehauld o Muhammad. This disagreement split the ''[[Ummah]]'' (Muslim community) intae the Sunni an Shi'a branches.<ref name="Britannica">{{cite encyclopedia|last=Nasr |first=Seyyed Hossein | authorlink=Seyyed Hossein Nasr | title=Ali |year=| encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online | accessdate=2007-10-12 |location=|publisher= Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9005712/Ali}}</ref>  

== Biography ==
Muslim soorces, especially Shi'a anes, state that durin Muhammad's time, Ali wis the anerlie body born in the [[Kaaba]] sanctuary in [[Mecca]], the holiest place in Islam.<ref name="Britannica"/> His faither wis [[Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib]] an his mither wis [[Fatima bint Asad]],<ref name="Britannica"/> but he wis raised in the hoosehauld o Muhammad, who hissel wis raised bi Abu Talib, Muhammad's uncle. When Muhammad reportit receivin a [[Wahy|divine revelation]], Ali wis the first male tae accept his message, dedicatin his life tae the cause o [[Islam]].<ref name="Iranica"/><ref name="Tabatabae191">{{Harvnb|Tabatabaei|1979|p=11}}</ref><ref name="Ashraf 2005 p=14">{{Harvnb|Ashraf|2005|p=14}}</ref><ref name="Islam">{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia of Islam and the Muslim world; vol.1 | last = Diana | first = Steigerwald | title=Ali ibn Abu Talib | publisher = MacMillan | isbn =0028656040}}</ref>

Ali [[Hijra (Islam)|migratit]] tae [[Medina]] shortly efter Muhammad did. Ance thare Muhammad tauld Ali that [[God]] haed ordered Muhammad tae gie his dochter, [[Fatimah]], tae Ali in marriage.<ref name="Britannica"/> For the ten years that Muhammad led the community in Medina, Ali wis extremely active in his service, leadin pairties o warriors on battles, an carryin messages an orders. Ali teuk pairt in the early [[caravan raids]] frae [[Mecca]] an later in amaist aw the battles focht bi the nascent Muslim community.

Ali wis appointit [[Caliph]] bi the Companions o Muhammad (the ''[[Sahaba]]'') in Medina efter the assassination o the third caliph, [[Uthman ibn Affan]].<ref name="Ashraf (2005), pp. 119-120">{{Harvnb|Ashraf|2005|p=119 and 120}}</ref><ref name="Madelung (1997), pp. 141-145">{{Harvnb|Madelung|1997|pp=141–145}}</ref>
He encoontered defiance an [[First Fitna|ceevil war]] durin his reign. In 661, Ali wis attacked ane fore-nuin while worshippin in the [[mosque]] o [[Kufa]], an dee'd a few days later.<ref>{{Harvnb|Lapidus|2002|p=47}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Holt|Lambton|Lewis|1970|pp=70–72}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Tabatabaei|1979|pp=50–75 and 192}}</ref>

In [[Islamic cultur|Muslim cultur]], Ali is respectit for his courage, knowledge, belief, honesty, unbendin devotion tae Islam, deep lealtie tae Muhammad, equal treatment o aw Muslims an generosity in forgivin his defeatit enemies, an therefore is central tae meestical tradeetions in Islam sic as [[Sufism]]. Ali retains his stature as an authority on [[Tafsir|Qur'anic exegesis]], [[Fiqh|Islamic jurisprudence]] an releegious thocht.<ref name="Madelung 1997 p=309 and 310">{{Harvnb|Madelung|1997|p=309 and 310}}</ref> Ali haulds a heich poseetion in amaist aw [[Tariqah|Sufi orders]] which trace thair lineage throu him tae Muhammad. Ali's influence haes been important throughout [[Muslim history|Islamic history]].<ref name="Britannica"/>

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Freemit airtins ==
* [http://www.islamtimes.org/vdce.v8fbjh8p7k1ij.html The Secret o Imam Ali's Force o Attraction]
* [http://web.archive.org/web/20071107180319/http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v1f8/v1f8a043.html Ali ibn Abi Talib] bi [[Ismail Poonawala|I. K. Poonawala]] an E. Kohlberg in ''[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]''
* [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9005712/Ali Ali], airticle in ''Enyclopaedia Britannica Online''

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ali}}
[[Category:Ali| ]]
[[Category:Sahabah]]
[[Category:Rashidun]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Mecca]]
[[Category:Arab politeecians]]
[[Category:Assassinatit caliphs]]
[[Category:Faimily o Muhammad]]
[[Category:Sunni Islam]]
[[Category:Shia Islam]]
[[Category:Alid dynasties]]
[[Category:599 births]]
[[Category:661 daiths]]
[[Category:7t-century caliphs]]
[[Category:Shia imams]]
[[Category:Assassinatit Shia imams]]
[[Category:Twelver imams]]
[[Category:Zaidi imams]]