Revision 823156 of "Ali" on scowiki

{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Ali ibn Abi Talib
| image = Alī.png
| alt          = 
| caption      = Arabic calligrafie o the name o Ali
| succession   = 4t [[Caliphate|Caliph]] o the [[Rashidun Caliphate]] <br> ([[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] View) 
| reign        = 656–661<ref name="Britannica"/>
| predecessor  = [[Uthman ibn Affan]]
| successor    = [[Hasan ibn Ali]]
| birth_date   = 15 September 601 (13&nbsp;[[Rajab]] [[Islamic calendar#Nummerin the years|21 BH]] in the auncient Arabic calendar)<ref name="Britannica"/><ref name="Iranica"/><ref name="Al-Islam"/> 
| birth_place  = [[Ka'bah]], [[Mecca]], [[Hijaz]], [[Arabian Peninsula]]<ref name="Britannica"/><ref name="Guidance">{{cite book|last1=Rahim|first1=Husein A.|last2=Sheriff|first2=Ali Mohamedjaffer|title=Guidance From Qur'an|publisher=Khoja Shia Ithna-asheri Supreme Council|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9v2qAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA52&dq=ali+was+born+in+kaaba|accessdate=11 April 2017|language=en|year=1993}}</ref>
| death_date   = 29 Januar 661 (21&nbsp;[[Ramadan]] AH&nbsp;40)<br /> (aged {{age|601|9|15|661|1|29}})<ref name="Iranica"/><ref name="Al-Islam"/><ref>Shad, Abdur Rahman. ''Ali Al-Murtaza''. Kazi Publications; 1978 1st Edition. Mohiyuddin, Dr. Ata. ''Ali The Superman''. Sh. Muhammad Ashraf Publishers; 1980 1st Edition. Lalljee, Yousuf N. ''Ali The Magnificent''. Ansariyan Publications; January 1981 1st Edition.</ref><ref>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/aliIbnAbiTalibr2Vol.Set|last=Sallaabee|first=Ali Muhammad|title=Ali ibn Abi Talib (volume 2)|page=621|accessdate=15 December 2015}}</ref>
| death_place  = [[Kufa]], [[Mesopotamie]], [[Rashidun Empire]] 
[[Murderer|killer]] Abdur Rahman ibne Muljim
| burial_place = [[Imam Ali Mosque]], [[Najaf]], [[Iraq]]
| spouse       = {{unbulleted list|[[Fatimah]]|[[Umamah bint Zainab]]|[[Umm ul-Banin]]|Leila bint Masoud|[[Asma bint Umays]]|[[Khawlah bint Ja'far]]|Al Sahba' bint Rabi'ah}}
| spouse-type  = Spooses
| issue = {{unbulleted list | '''[[Descendants o Ali ibn Abi Talib|Descendants o Ali]]''' |[[Hasan ibn Ali|Al-Hasan]]|[[Husayn ibn Ali|Al-Husayn]]|[[Zaynab bint Ali|Zaynab]]|[[Umm Kulthum bint Ali|Umm Kulthum]]|[[Muhsin ibn Ali|Muhsin]]|[[Muhammad ibn al Hanafiyyah ibn Ali|Muhammad]]|[[Abbas ibn Ali|Abbas]]|[[Abdullah ibn Ali|Abdullah]]|[[Hilal ibn Ali|Hilal]]|[[Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr]] (stepson)}}
| full name    = 'Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib
{{lang-ar|عَلِي ابْن أَبِي طَالِب}}
| house        = [[Quraysh]] ([[Banu Hashim]])
| house-type   = Tribe
| father       = [[Abu Talib ibn 'Abd al-Muttalib]]
| mother       = [[Fatimah bint Asad]]
| religion     = [[Hanif]] (as o 610)/[[Islam]]
| succession1  = 1st [[Imamah (Shia doctrine)|Imam]] o Shia Islam<br/>([[Twelver]], [[Zaydi]], an [[Nizari|Nizari Ismaili]] view)
| reign1       = 632–661
| successor1   = [[Hasan ibn Ali]] {{small|(2nt Imam)}}
| succession2  = [[Imamah (Ismaili doctrine)|Asās/Wāsih]] o Shia Islam <br/>([[Musta'li|Musta'li Ismaili]] view)
| successor2   = [[Hasan ibn Ali]] {{small|(1st Imam)}} <!--Hasan is the 1st Imam in the [[Musta'li]] view-->
}}
'''Ali'''{{Efn|Full name: '''Ali ibn Abi Talib''' ({{lang-ar|عَلِي ابْن أَبِي طَالِب|ʿAlī bin Abī Ṭālib}}), {{IPA-ar|ʕaliː bɪn  ʔabiː t̪ˤaːlɪb}}.}} ({{lang-ar|عَلِي|ʿAlī}}, {{IPA-ar|ʕaliː|pron}}; 601 – 29 Januar 661)<ref name="Iranica">{{cite encyclopedia|title = Alī ibn Abu Talib|encyclopedia = Encyclopædia Iranica|accessdate = 16 December 2010|url = http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ali-b-abi-taleb|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110429163734/http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ali-b-abi-taleb|archivedate = 29 April 2011|deadurl = no|df = mdy-all}}</ref><ref name="Al-Islam">{{cite web|url=http://www.al-islam.org/articles/life-commander-faithful-ali-ibn-abu-talib|last=Al-Islam|title=The Life of the Commander of the Faithful Ali Ibn Abu Talib (as)|accessdate=6 December 2015}}</ref> wis the cuisin an son-in-law o the [[Prophets o Islam|Islamic prophet]] [[Muhammad]], an ruled ower the [[Rashidun Caliphate]] frae 656 tae 661, an wis the first male convert tae Islam.<ref>{{Harvnb|Kelen|2001|p=29}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Watt|1953|p=xii}}</ref> [[Sunni Islam|Sunni]] [[Muslim]]s consider Ali the fowert an feenal o the ''[[Rashidun]]'' (richtly guidit [[Caliph]]s), while [[Shia Islam|Shi'a]] Muslims regaird Ali as the first [[Imamah (Shia doctrine)|Imam]] an consider him an his descendants the [[Succession tae Muhammad|richtful successors tae Muhammad]], aw o which are members o the ''[[Ahl al-Bayt]]'', the hoosehauld o Muhammad. This disagreement split the ''[[Ummah]]'' (Muslim community) intae the Sunni an Shi'a branches.<ref name="Britannica">{{cite encyclopedia|last=Nasr |first=Seyyed Hossein | authorlink=Seyyed Hossein Nasr | title=Ali |year=| encyclopedia=Encyclopædia Britannica Online | accessdate=2007-10-12 |location=|publisher= Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. |url=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9005712/Ali}}</ref>  

== Biography ==
Muslim soorces, especially Shi'a anes, state that durin Muhammad's time, Ali wis the anerlie body born in the [[Kaaba]] sanctuary in [[Mecca]], the holiest place in Islam.<ref name="Britannica"/> His faither wis [[Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib]] an his mither wis [[Fatima bint Asad]],<ref name="Britannica"/> but he wis raised in the hoosehauld o Muhammad, who hissel wis raised bi Abu Talib, Muhammad's uncle. When Muhammad reportit receivin a [[Wahy|divine revelation]], Ali wis the first male tae accept his message, dedicatin his life tae the cause o [[Islam]].<ref name="Iranica"/><ref name="Tabatabae191">{{Harvnb|Tabatabaei|1979|p=11}}</ref><ref name="Ashraf 2005 p=14">{{Harvnb|Ashraf|2005|p=14}}</ref><ref name="Islam">{{cite encyclopedia | encyclopedia = Encyclopaedia of Islam and the Muslim world; vol.1 | last = Diana | first = Steigerwald | title=Ali ibn Abu Talib | publisher = MacMillan | isbn =0028656040}}</ref>

Ali [[Hijra (Islam)|migratit]] tae [[Medina]] shortly efter Muhammad did. Ance thare Muhammad tauld Ali that [[God]] haed ordered Muhammad tae gie his dochter, [[Fatimah]], tae Ali in marriage.<ref name="Britannica"/> For the ten years that Muhammad led the community in Medina, Ali wis extremely active in his service, leadin pairties o warriors on battles, an carryin messages an orders. Ali teuk pairt in the early [[caravan raids]] frae [[Mecca]] an later in amaist aw the battles focht bi the nascent Muslim community.

Ali wis appointit [[Caliph]] bi the Companions o Muhammad (the ''[[Sahaba]]'') in Medina efter the assassination o the third caliph, [[Uthman ibn Affan]].<ref name="Ashraf (2005), pp. 119-120">{{Harvnb|Ashraf|2005|p=119 and 120}}</ref><ref name="Madelung (1997), pp. 141-145">{{Harvnb|Madelung|1997|pp=141–145}}</ref>
He encoontered defiance an [[First Fitna|ceevil war]] durin his reign. In 661, Ali wis attacked ane fore-nuin while worshippin in the [[mosque]] o [[Kufa]], an dee'd a few days later.<ref>{{Harvnb|Lapidus|2002|p=47}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Holt|Lambton|Lewis|1970|pp=70–72}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Tabatabaei|1979|pp=50–75 and 192}}</ref>

In [[Islamic cultur|Muslim cultur]], Ali is respectit for his courage, knowledge, belief, honesty, unbendin devotion tae Islam, deep lealtie tae Muhammad, equal treatment o aw Muslims an generosity in forgivin his defeatit enemies, an therefore is central tae meestical tradeetions in Islam sic as [[Sufism]]. Ali retains his stature as an authority on [[Tafsir|Qur'anic exegesis]], [[Fiqh|Islamic jurisprudence]] an releegious thocht.<ref name="Madelung 1997 p=309 and 310">{{Harvnb|Madelung|1997|p=309 and 310}}</ref> Ali haulds a heich poseetion in amaist aw [[Tariqah|Sufi orders]] which trace thair lineage throu him tae Muhammad. Ali's influence haes been important throughout [[Muslim history|Islamic history]].<ref name="Britannica"/>

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=lower-alpha}}

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Freemit airtins ==
* [http://www.islamtimes.org/vdce.v8fbjh8p7k1ij.html The Secret o Imam Ali's Force o Attraction]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20071107180319/http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v1f8/v1f8a043.html Ali ibn Abi Talib] bi [[Ismail Poonawala|I. K. Poonawala]] an E. Kohlberg in ''[[Encyclopædia Iranica]]''
* [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9005712/Ali Ali], airticle in ''Enyclopaedia Britannica Online''

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ali}}
[[Category:Ali| ]]
[[Category:Sahabah]]
[[Category:Rashidun]]
[[Category:Fowk frae Mecca]]
[[Category:Arab politeecians]]
[[Category:Assassinatit caliphs]]
[[Category:Faimily o Muhammad]]
[[Category:Sunni Islam]]
[[Category:Shia Islam]]
[[Category:Alid dynasties]]
[[Category:599 births]]
[[Category:661 daiths]]
[[Category:7t-century caliphs]]
[[Category:Shia imams]]
[[Category:Assassinatit Shia imams]]
[[Category:Twelver imams]]
[[Category:Zaidi imams]]