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{{US state
| Name = Connecticut
| Fullname = State of Connecticut
| Flag = Flag of Connecticut.svg
| Seal = Seal of Connecticut.svg
| Flower = Mountain Laurel<ref name=SOTS>[http://www.sots.ct.gov/RegisterManual/SectionX/SITESEALSYMB.htm STATE OF CONNECTICUT, Sites º Seals º Symbols]; ''Connecticut State Register & Manual''; retrieved on [[December 15]], [[2006]]</ref>|
 Tree = White Oak<ref name=SOTS/>|
Flaglink = [[Flag of Connecticut]]
| Map = Map_of_USA_highlighting_Connecticut.png
| Nickname = The Constitution State, The Nutmeg State
| Motto = Qui transtulit sustinet
| Capital = [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]]
| LargestCity = [[Bridgeport, Connecticut|Bridgeport]]
| Governor = [[M. Jodi Rell]] ([[United States Republican Party|R]])|
 Senators = [[Chris Dodd]] ([[Democratic Party (United States)|D]])<br />[[Joseph Lieberman]] ([[Independent Democrat|ID]])
| PostalAbbreviation = CT
| OfficialLang = English
| AreaRank = 48<sup>th</sup>
| TotalArea = 14,371
| TotalAreaUS = 5,549
| LandArea = 12,559
| LandAreaUS = 4,849
| WaterArea = 1,809
| WaterAreaUS = 698
| PCWater = 12.6
| PopRank = 30<sup>th</sup>
| 2010Pop = 3,574,097<ref>{{cite web |url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-dens-text.php |title=Resident Population Data |work=2010.census.gov |accessdate=30 December 2010}}</ref>
| DensityRank = 6<sup>th</sup>
| 2010Density = 284.6
| 2010DensityUS = 738.1
| MedianHouseholdIncome = $55,970
| IncomeRank = 4<sup>th</sup>
| AdmittanceOrder = 5<sup>th</sup>
| AdmittanceDate = [[January 9]], [[1788]]
| TimeZone = [[Eastern Time Zone (North America)|Eastern]]: [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]-5/[[Daylight saving time|-4]]
| Longitude = 71°47'W to 73°44'W
| Latitude = 40°58'N to 42°3'N
| Width = 113
| WidthUS = 70
| Length = 177
| LengthUS = 110
| HighestPoint = [[Mount Frissell|South slope of Mount Frissel]]<ref name=usgs>
{{cite web| year =[[29 April]] [[2005]] |
url =http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/booklets/elvadist/elvadist.html#Highest|
title =Elevations and Distances in the United States|
publisher =U.S Geological Survey|
accessdate = 2006-11-3}}</ref><br />Note: The peak of Mount Frissel<br />is in Massachusetts
| HighestElev = 726
| HighestElevUS = 2,380
| MeanElev = 152
| MeanElevUS = 500
| LowestPoint = [[Long Island Sound]]<ref name=usgs/>
| LowestElev = 0
| LowestElevUS = 0
| ISOCode = US-CT
| TradAbbreviation = Conn.|
 Website = www.ct.gov
}}
'''Connecticut''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=en-us-Connecticut.ogg|k|ə|ˈ|n|ɛ|t|ɨ|k|ə|t}})<ref name=dicdef/> is a [[States of the United States|US state]]. It is in the [[New England]] area of the [[northeast]]ern part of the [[United States]]. It is [[border]]ed by [[Rhode Island]] to the east, [[Massachusetts]] to the north, and the state of [[New York]] to the west and south. Connecticut shares an [[estuary]] with New York called the [[Long Island Sound]]. The [[Connecticut River]] divides the state. It is the largest [[river]] in New England. [[Hartford, Connecticut|Hartford]] is the [[capital city]] of Connecticut. 

Much of southern and western Connecticut is part of the [[New York City|New York metropolitan area]], or Tri-State area. Three of Connecticut's eight [[List of counties in Connecticut|counties]] are [[statistics|statistically]] in the [[New York City]] [[census]]. [[Cheshire, New Haven]] is the [[center of population]] of Connecticut. It is also part of the Tri-State area. Connecticut is the [[List of U.S. states and territories by area|3rd smallest state]]. It has the [[List of U.S. states and territories by population|29th most people]] and is the [[List of U.S. states by population density|4th most densely populated]] of the 50 United States. The state is called the Constitution State, Nutmeg State, and "The Land of Steady Habits". Connecticut had a major role in the making of the [[government|federal government]] of the United States.

The first [[Europe]]an [[settler]]s of Connecticut were [[Dutch language|Dutch speaking]] people. They started a small, short-lived [[settlement]] in the location that is now the city of Hartford. At first, half of Connecticut's land was part of the [[Dutch colony]], [[New Netherland]]. The [[colony]] included much of the land between the Connecticut and [[Delaware River]]s. The first major settlements began in the 1630s by the [[England|English]]. [[Thomas Hooker]] led a group of people from the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]] and founded the [[Connecticut Colony]]. Other settlers from Massachusetts founded the [[Saybrook Colony]] and the [[New Haven Colony]]. Both the Connecticut and New Haven Colonies made [[document]]s of [[Fundamental Orders]].  These are known as the first [[constitution]]s in [[North America]]. In 1662, three colonies joined together under a [[royal charter]]. This made Connecticut a [[crown colony]]. This colony was one of the [[Thirteen Colonies]] that fought against the [[Kingdom of Great Britain|British]] rule in the [[American Revolution]].

The Connecticut River, [[Thames River (Connecticut)|Thames River]], and [[port]]s along the Long Island Sound became a [[sea|maritime]] [[tradition]] in Connecticut. There are also many [[financial]] service [[company|companies]] in the state. As of the [[2010 United States Census|2010 census]], Connecticut has the highest [[income]] per person, [[Human Development Index]] (0.962), and [[Household income in the United States|median household income]] in the United States.<ref name=USAToday/><ref name=census/><ref name=bbc/> Connecticut is a wealthy state, but there is a large difference in income between its [[urban]] and [[suburb]]an areas. Several of Connecticut's [[List of cities in Connecticut|cities]] are some of the poorest and most dangerous places in the nation.<ref name=NYTimes/><ref name=cqpress/>

== Geography ==
Connecticut is [[border]]ed on the south by the [[Long Island Sound]], on the west by [[New York]], on the north by [[Massachusetts]], and on the east by [[Rhode Island]]. [[Hartford]] is the [[List of U.S. state capitals|state capital]]. The largest cities are [[Bridgeport, Connecticut|Bridgeport]], [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]], [[Stamford, Connecticut|Stamford]], [[Waterbury, Connecticut|Waterbury]], [[Norwalk, Connecticut|Norwalk]], [[Danbury, Connecticut|Danbury]], [[New Britain, Connecticut|New Britain]], [[Greenwich, Connecticut|Greenwich]] and [[Bristol, Connecticut|Bristol]]. There are 169 [[New England town|incorporated towns]] in Connecticut.

The highest peak in Connecticut is [[Bear Mountain]] in [[Salisbury, Connecticut|Salisbury]]. The highest point is just east of where Connecticut, Massachusetts, and New York meet (42° 3' N; 73° 29' W), on the southern slope of [[Mount Frissell]]. However, this peak is in [[Massachusetts]].<ref>{{cite peakbagger |pid=7083 |name=Mount Frissell-South Slope, Connecticut/Massachusetts}}</ref> The [[Connecticut River]] cuts through the center of the state. The [[Connecticut River Valley]] is the region with the most people in Connecticut. Although Connecticut's land is small, it has several different [[landscape]]s. In [[Litchfield Hills]], there are mountains and [[horse|horse farms]]. In [[New London County]], there are beaches and [[maritime]] [[wikt:activity|activities]]. Connecticut is known for its maritime history. However, the state does not have direct access to the sea. 

Connecticut has [[temperate broadleaf and mixed forests]]. [[Northeastern coastal forests]] of [[oak]]s, [[Hickory|hickories]], and [[maple]] cover much of the state.<ref name = "ecoregions">{{cite journal |author=Olson |title = Terrestrial Ecoregions of the World: A New Map of Life on Earth |journal=[[BioScience]] |year = 2001 |volume=51 |issue=11 |pages= 933–938 |url = http://gis.wwfus.org/wildfinder/ |doi = 10.1641/0006-3568(2001)051[0933:TEOTWA]2.0.CO;2 |archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5uKkyhbI6 |archivedate = November 18, 2010|deadurl=no |author-separator = , |author2 = D. M |author3 = E. Dinerstein |display-authors = 3 |issn = 0006-3568 |last4 = Burgess |first4 = Neil D. |last5 = Powell |first5 = George V. N. |last6 = Underwood |first6 = Emma C. |last7 = d'Amico |first7 = Jennifer A. |last8 = Itoua |first8 = Illanga |last9 = Strand |first9 = Holly E.}}</ref> In the northeast, these led to the [[New England-Acadian forests]] of the [[Taconic Mountains]].<ref name = "ecoregions"/>

== Climate ==
Inland Connecticut have a [[humid continental climate]]. The shorline has a borderline [[humid subtropical climate]]. Counties more closer to the [[Atlantic Ocean]] face very cold [[winter]]s and very hot [[summer]]s. The city of Bridgeport, like most other areas in [[Metropolitan area|metropolitan New York]], have a humid subtropical climate under the [[Köppen Climate Classification]] system. Hartford, which is 35 miles inland, has a humid continental climate. Connecticut is a somewhat sunny state. It averages 2,400 and 2,800 hours of sunshine every year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://maps.howstuffworks.com/united-states-annual-sunshine-map.htm|title=united states annual sunshine map|publisher=HowStuffWorks, Inc|accessdate=March 15, 2011}}</ref>

Winters in Connecticut are known to be very cold. Average temperatures range from {{convert|38|F|C}} in the southeastern parts of Connecticut. In the northwest parts of the state, temperatures range from {{convert|29|F|C}} in the month of January. The average [[snow]]fall is about 20-60" (54-189 cm) across the state, with higher totals in the northwest. In the spring time, temperatures range from {{convert|57|F|C}}, with frequent [[rainstorm|rainfall]]. Summer is hot and [[humid]] throughout the state. Average high temperatures in New London is {{convert|81|F|C}} and in [[Windsor Locks, Connecticut|Windsor Locks]] high temperatures can reach {{convert|87|F|C}}. In the fall season, high temperatures in the state can reach {{convert|63|F|C}}. During this time, vegetation begins to change color from green to red and yellow. 

During [[hurricane|hurricane season]], [[tropical cyclone]]s rarely affect the state. Thunderstorms are more frequent during the summer, occurring on average 30 times each year. These storms can be severe, with the state averaging one [[tornado]] per year.<ref name="tornadoes">{{cite web| url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/img/climate/research/tornado/small/avgt5304.gif| title=Annual average number of tornadoes| publisher=NOAA National Climatic Data Center| accessdate=October 24, 2006}}</ref> The warmest temperature ever recorded in the state is {{convert|106|F|C}} which happened in Danbury on July 15, 1995. The coldest temperature is {{convert|-32|F|C}} which was recorded in [[Falls Village, Connecticut|Falls Village]] on February 16, 1943 and [[Coventry, Connecticut|Coventry]] on January 22, 1961.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/extremes/scec/getextreme.php?elem=ALL&state=CT|title=All-Time Climate Extremes for CT|publisher=[[NOAA]]|accessdate=March 18, 2011}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable" "text-align:center;font-size:90%;"|
| colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:120%;background:#E8EAFA;"|Monthly Normal High and Median Temperatures for Various Connecticut Cities
|-
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000; height:17px;"| City
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Jan
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Feb
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Mar
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Apr
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| May
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Jun
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Jul
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Aug
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Sep
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Oct
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Nov
! style="background:#e5afaa; color:#000;"| Dec
|-
! style="background:#f8f3ca; color:#000; height:16px;"| Bridgeport
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 37/23
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 39/25
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 47/32
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 57/41
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 67/51
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 76/60
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 82/66
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 81/65
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 74/58
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 63/46
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 53/38
| style="text-align:center; background:#f8f3ca; color:#000;"| 42/28
|-
! style="background:#c5dfe1; color:#000; height:16px;"| Hartford
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"| 35/16
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"| 39/19
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"| 47/27
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"| 59/38
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"| 70/48
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"| 79/57
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"| 84/63
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"| 82/61
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"| 74/51
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"| 63/40
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"| 52/32
| style="text-align:center; background:#c5dfe1; color:#000;"| 40/22
|-
| colspan="13" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;background:#E8EAFA;"|''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/06604 |title=Monthly Averages for Bridgeport, CT |publisher=[[The Weather Channel]] |accessdate=September 15, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weather.com/weather/wxclimatology/monthly/graph/06604 |title=Monthly Averages for Hartford, CT |publisher=[[The Weather Channel]] |accessdate=September 15, 2011}}</ref>''
|}

== History ==
Connecticut's name came from the [[Algonquian]] word "quinatucquet", meaning "upon the long river".<ref name="Project">{{cite book|author=Federal Writers' Project|title=Connecticut: A Guide to Its Roads, Lore and People|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=CPYfSsQ-WE4C&pg=PA3|accessdate=September 23, 2010|publisher=US History Publishers|isbn=978-1-60354-007-0|page=3}}</ref> Connecticut was [[wikt:inhabit|inhabited]] by the [[Mohegan]] [[tripe]] before the [[European colonization of the Americas|European colonization]]. The first [[Europe]]an [[explorer]] in Connecticut was the [[Dutch language|Dutch]] explorer [[Adriaen Block]]. He explored the state in 1614. Dutch [[fur]] [[trade]]rs [[sail]]ed up the Connecticut River (known to by the Dutch as Versche Rivier or "Fresh River") and built a [[fort]] at [[Dutch Point]] in present day Hartford. They called it "House of Hope" ({{lang-nl|Huis van Hoop}}). [[John Winthrop the Younger|John Winthrop]] of the [[Massachusetts Bay Colony]], was given permission to create a new colony at [[Old Saybrook, Connecticut|Old Saybrook]] in 1635. This was the first three [[district]] [[colony|colonies]] that later combined to make up Connecticut. The [[Saybrook Colony]] did not become a larger colony and in 1644 became part of the [[Connecticut Colony]].

The first [[England|English]] [[settlement|settlers]] came in 1633. They settled in Windsor, and then at [[Wethersfield, Connecticut|Wethersfield]] in 1634.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cslib.org/earlysettlers.htm |title=Early Settlers of Connecticut – Connecticut State Library |publisher=Cslib.org |accessdate=July 25, 2010}}</ref> The rest of the group arrived in 1636. They were [[Puritans]] from Massachusetts, led by [[Thomas Hooker]]. He was a [[professor]] of [[theology]] in [[Cambridge]], [[London]]. He became an important [[politics|political]] writer and made a big contribution to the [[Constitutional theory]]. He then created the Connecticut Colony in Hartford in 1636, becoming the second of the three colonies.  

The third colony was founded in March 1638. [[John Davenport]] and [[Thephilus Eaton]], created the [[New Haven Colony]]. It was first called the Quinnipiack Colony. The New Haven Colony had its own constitution, "The Fundamental Agreement of the New Haven Colony", which was signed on June 4, 1639. The Dutch settlers left their fort in 1654 because there were more English settlers. In 1662, Winthrop was given the [[royal charter]] and combined the colonies of Connecticut and New Haven. Its first constitution, the "[[Fundamental Orders of Connecticut|Fundamental Orders]]", was created on January 14, 1639. The Fundamental Orders helped [[wikt:influence|influence]] the [[US Constitution]].

== Demographics ==
{{US Census population
|1790 = 237946
|1800 = 251002
|1810 = 261942
|1820 = 275248
|1830 = 297675
|1840 = 309978
|1850 = 370792
|1860 = 460147
|1870 = 537454
|1880 = 622700
|1890 = 746258
|1900 = 908420
|1910 = 1114756
|1920 = 1380631
|1930 = 1606903
|1940 = 1709242
|1950 = 2007280
|1960 = 2535234
|1970 = 3031709
|1980 = 3107576
|1990 = 3287116
|2000 = 3405565
|2010 = 3574097
| footnote= '''Sources:'''<ref>[http://www.census.gov/population/censusdata/table-16.pdf Population: 1790 to 1990] census.gov</ref><ref>[http://www.census.gov/population/cen2000/tab02.txt Resident Population of the 50 States, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico: Census 2000] census.gov</ref><ref>{{cite web|author=Resident Population Data |url=http://2010.census.gov/2010census/data/apportionment-pop-text.php |title=Resident Population Data – Census 2010 |publisher=2010.census.gov |accessdate=January 23, 2011}}</ref>
}}
The [[United States Census Bureau]] [[estimate]]s that the population of Connecticut was 3,580,709 on July 1, 2011, a 0.18% [[wikt:increase|increase]] since the 2010 United States Census.<ref name=PopEstUS>{{cite web|url=http://www.census.gov/popest/data/state/totals/2011/tables/NST-EST2011-01.csv|title=Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for the United States, Regions, States, and Puerto Rico: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2011|format=[[comma-separated values|CSV]]|work=2011 Population Estimates|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]], Population Division|date=December 2011|accessdate=December 21, 2011}}</ref> According to the 2010 US Census, Connecticut had a population of 3,574,097. The state was 77.6% [[White American|White]] (71.2% [[Non-Hispanic Whites|Non-Hispanic White]]), 10.1% [[African American|Black]] or African American, 0.3% [[American Indian]] and [[Alaska Native]], 3.8% [[Asian]], 0.0% [[Native Hawaiian]] and [[Other Pacific Islander]], 5.6% from [[Some Other Race]], and 2.6% from [[Two or More Races]]. [[Hispanic and Latino American|Hispanics and Latinos]] of any race made up 13.4% of the population.<ref>http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid=DEC_10_PL_QTPL&prodType=table</ref>

As of 2005, Connecticut had an estimated population of 3,510,297, which was an increase of 11,331, or 0.3%, from 2004.<ref name=stateest>{{cite web |date=June 21, 2006 | url = http://www.census.gov/popest/states/tables/NST-EST2005-01.csv | title = Annual Estimates of the Population for the United States and States, and for Puerto Rico: April 1, 2000 to July 1, 2005|format = [[Comma-separated values|CSV]] | work=2005 Population Estimates | publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division | accessdate =November 17, 2006|archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5mr524oZs |archivedate = January 17, 2010|deadurl=no}}</ref> This was an increase of 104,695, or 3.1%, since the year 2000. This includes that there were 222,222 births and 154,795 deaths. The [[migration]] was 41,718 people into the state. [[Immigration]] from outside the United States resulted in a increase of 75,991 people. Based on the 2005 census, Connecticut moved from the 29th most populous state of the 30th. 6.6% of its population was reported as being under 5 years old, 24.7% under 18 years old, and 13.8% were 65 years of age or older. Females made up [[wikt:approximate|approximately]] 51.6% of the population, with 48.4% were males.<ref name=stateest/> The [[center of population]] of Connecticut is located in the town of [[Cheshire, Connecticut|Cheshire]].<ref>{{cite web | title = Population and Population Centers by State – 2000 | publisher=United States Census Bureau | accessdate =December 4, 2008 | url = http://www.census.gov/geo/www/cenpop/statecenters.txt|archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5mqyj8Y7G |archivedate = January 17, 2010|deadurl=no}}</ref>

{{col-begin}}
{{col-2}}
The largest [[ancestry]] groups are:<ref>{{cite web|author=American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/ADPTable?_bm=y&-context=adp&-qr_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_DP3YR2&-ds_name=ACS_2008_3YR_G00_&-tree_id=3308&-redoLog=false&-_caller=geoselect&-geo_id=04000US09&-format=&-_lang=en |title=American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates |publisher=Factfinder.census.gov |accessdate=July 25, 2010}}</ref>
* 19.3% [[Italian American|Italian]]
* 17.9% [[Irish]]
* 10.7% [[English]]
* 10.4% [[German]]
* 8.6% [[Polish]]
* 6.6% [[French]]
* 3.0% [[French Canadian]]
* 2.7% [[Americans|American]]
* 2.1% [[Russian]]
* 2.1% [[West Indies|West Indian]]
* 2.0% [[Scottish]]
* 2.0% [[Swedish]]
* 1.6% [[Portuguese]]
* 1.4% [[Scotch Irish]]
* 1.2% [[Hungarian]]
* 1.0% [[Lithuanian]]
{{col-2}}
A 2001 survey of Connecticut residents' [[religion|religious]]:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gc.cuny.edu/faculty/research_briefs/aris/key_findings.htm |title=American Religious Identification Survey, Key Findings, Exhibit 15 |accessdate=January 4, 2007 |author=Mayer, Egon |coauthors=Kosmin, Barry A., Keysar, Ariela |year=2001 |publisher=[[City University of New York]]}}</ref>
* Protestant – 40%
** [[Baptist]] – 10%
** Other Christian – 7%
** [[Episcopal]] – 6%
** [[Methodism|Methodist]] – 4%
** [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] – 4%
** Other Protestant or general – 9%
* [[Roman Catholic]] – 32%
* [[Non-religious]] – 12%
* No answer – 6%
* Other religions (Including Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism, and so on.) – 4%
* Jewish – 3%
* [[Congregational church|Congregational]]/[[United Church of Christ]] – 2%
* [[Mormonism|Latter-Day Saint]] – 2%
* [[Churches of Christ]] – 2%
* [[Presbyterian]] – 1%
* [[Pentecostal]] – 1%
* [[Assembly of God]] – 1%
* Non-denominational – 1%
* [[Muslim]] – 1%
{{col-end}}

== Economy ==
The total [[gross state product]] for 2010 was [[US dollar|USD]]$237&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{cite web|title=GDP by State|url=http://greyhill.com/gdp-by-state|publisher=Greyhill Advisors|accessdate=September 23, 2011}}</ref> The per capita incomeincome per person for 2007 was $54,117, [[rank]]ing.  This ranked Connecticut first among all other states. However, [[New Canaan, Connecticut|New Canaan]] has one of the [[List of U.S. states perby GDP|highest per capita incomes in America]],.  Hartford is one of the ten cities with the lowest per capita incomes in America. As with Bridgeport, New Haven and other cities in the state, Hartford is [[wikt:surround|surrounded]] by wealthier [[suburb]]s. The state's [[unemployment]] rate in AugustSeptember 20112 was 9.08.2%.<ref>{{cite web|title=Local Area Unemployment Statistics|url=http://www.bls.gov/web/laus/laumstch.htm|publisher=BLS1.ctdol.state.ct.us/lmi/laus/lmi121.asp|publisher=Connecticut Department of Labor|accessdate=SeptNovember 23, 20112}}</ref>

New Canaan is the wealthiest town in Connecticut, with a per capita income of $85,459. [[Darien, Connecticut|Darien]], Greenwich, [[Weston, Connecticut|Weston]], [[Westport, Connecticut|Westport]] and [[Wilton, Connecticut|Wilton]] also have per capita incomes over $65,000. Hartford is the poorest [[municipality]] in Connecticut, with a per capita income of $13,428 in 2000.<ref name="CTincome2000">{{cite web|url=http://www.ct.gov/ecd/lib/ecd/economic_data/income/2000_median_hh,_family_&_per_cap_income.xls |title=Connecticut per capita income, median household income, and median family income at State, County and Town level: Census 2000 data |accessdate=July 25, 2010}}</ref> There are other lower income and [[blue collar]] towns in the eastern part of the state.

Connecticut has a 6.35% state [[Tax#Types of taxes|sales tax]] for [[retail]] sale, [[lease]], or rental of most goods.<ref name=2011Sect6Summary>[http://www.ct.gov/drs/cwp/view.asp?A=1514&Q=480936 "Summary of Tax Provisions Contained in 2011 Conn. Pub. Acts 6"], retrieved July 6, 2011</ref> Homes in Connecticut has a [[median price]] of approximatelybout $226,000. However, the median value for a home in [[Fairfield County, Connecticut|Fairfield Conuty]] is about $370,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thewarrengroup.com/portal/Solutions/PressReleases/tabid/190/newsid751/2311/Default.aspx |title=Conn. Median Home Prices Down 18% in First quarter |publisher=Thewarrengroup.com |date=May 4, 2009 |accessdate=July 25, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hartfordbusiness.com/news8814.html |title=CT house prices continue to fall |publisher=Hartford Business |accessdate=July 25, 2010}}</ref> Connecticut has the most multi-million dollar homes in the northeast and the second most in the nation after [[California]]. There were 3.3% of homes in Connecticut priced over $1 million in 2003.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://money.cnn.com/2006/02/22/real_estate/february_million_dollar_homes/index.htm?section=money_topstories| title=Million Dollar Homes|last=Christie|first=Les|publisher=CNN | date=February 23, 2006| accessdate=January 23, 2007}}</ref>

The [[agriculture|agricultural]] produce in the state includes [[plant nursery]], [[eggs]], [[clam]]s, [[lobster]], [[diary|diary product]]s; [[cattle]] and [[tobacco]]. Connecticut produces transportation equipment such as [[helicopter]]s, [[aircraft]] parts, [[nuclear submarine]]s, [[Industrial engineering|industrial machinery]], [[electric]]al equipment, [[military]] [[weapon]]ry, [[metal]] products, [[chemical]] and [[pharmaceutical]] products, and [[Measuring instrument|scientific instruments]].

== Transportation ==
The [[Interstate highway]]s in the state are [[Interstate 95 in Connecticut|I-95]] (the [[Connecticut Turnpike]]) which runs southeast to northeast in central Connecticut. [[Interstate 84 in Connecticut|I-84]] runs southwest to northeast in central Connecticut. [[Interstate 91 in Connecticut|I-91]] runs north to south in central Connecticut, while [[Interstate 395 in Connecticut|I-395]] runs north to south near the eastern border of the state. Other major highways in Connecticut are the [[Merritt Parkway]] and [[Wilbur Cross Parkway]], which together form [[State Route 15]]. This runs from the [[Hutchinson River Parkway]] in New York. 

The [[Metro-North Railroad]] [[New Haven Line]], provides transportation to and from New York City and New Haven. Connecticut lies along [[Amtrak]]'s [[Northeast Corridor]] which features [[Northeast Regional]] and [[Acela Express]] service. Towns between New Haven and New London has a Shore Line East [[commuter rail]] service. The [[New Haven–Springfield Line]] provides transportation between New Haven and [[Springfield, Massachusetts]]. They also service Hartford, Windsor Locks, Windsor, Berlin, Meriden, and Wallingford.

The [[Connecticut Transit]], which is owned by the [[Connecticut Department of Transportation]], is available throughout the state. [[Bradley International Airport]] is located in Windsor Locks, about 15 miles (24 km) north of Hartford. [[Tweed-New Haven Regional Airport]] is located in New Haven. Other major airports in Connecticut are the [[Danbury Municipal Airport]], [[Waterbury-Oxford Airport]], [[Groton-New London Airport]], [[Sikorsky Memorial Airport]], and the [[Westchester County Airport]].

== Law and government ==
Connecticut is known as the "Constitution State". The origin on this title is unknown. It is believed to have first been said during the Fundamental Orders of 1638-39. These Fundamental Orders became the first formal [[government]] written by a [[representative]] in Connecticut. The government was under the direction of four separate documents during the [[Connecticut Constitutional History]]. After the Fundamental Orders, Connecticut was given control of their own government by [[Charles II of England|King Charles II of England]] through the [[Connecticut Charter of 1662]].

[[Dan Malloy]] is the current [[List of Governors of Connecticut|Governor]]. [[Nancy Wyman]] is the [[List of lieutenant governors of Connecticut|Lieutenant Governor]]. They are both [[Democrats]]. As of 2012, [[Christopher G. Donovan]] is the current Speaker of the House of Connecticut. Connecticut's United States Senators are [[Richard Blumenthal]], who is a Democrat, and [[Joseph I. Lieberman]]; an [[Independent Democrat]]. There are five representatives in the U.S. House for Connecticut, all of whom are Democrats. Connecticut and [[Vermont]] are the only two states with Independent Senators. Connecticut's [[Jury#Juries by country|judicial branch]] is the [[Connecticut Supreme Court]]. The current [[Chief Justice]] is [[Chase T. Rogers]].

Connecticut does not have a county government, unlike most U.S. states. County governments were no longer active after 1960. However, [[sheriff]]s were [[election|elected]] in each county until 2000. They were replaced with the [[Connecticut State Marshal|state marshal system]]. The state has 15 [[Administrative divisions of Connecticut|planning regions]], defined by the state Office of Planning and Management.<ref name="OPM">{{cite web|author=Enter your Company or Top-Level Office |url=http://www.ct.gov/opm/cwp/view.asp?a=2985&q=383124 |title=Regional Planning Coordination at the CT Office of Planning and Management |publisher=Ct.gov |accessdate=July 25, 2010}}</ref> On November 12, 2008, Connecticut became the second state (after [[Massachusetts]]) to allow [[same-sex marriage]]. Connecticut was the third state to do this. However, it was the second state where the decision was not [[repeal]]ed

== Politics ==
{| border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" style="float:right; margin:2em; border:1px #aaa solid; border-collapse:collapse; font-size:90%;"
|+ '''Presidential elections results'''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/compare.php?year=2004&fips=9&f=0&off=0&elect=0&type=state|title = Presidential General Election Results Comparison – Connecticut|publisher=Dave Leip's Atlas of United States Presidential Elections|year=2005|accessdate=January 20, 2007}}</ref>
|- style="background:lightgrey;"
! Year
! [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
! [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|2008
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|38.77% ''620,210''
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|'''61.23%''' ''979,316''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|2004
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|43.95% ''693,826''
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|'''54.31%''' ''857,488''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|2000
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|38.44% ''561,094''
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|'''55.91%''' ''816,015''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|1996
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|34.69% ''483,109''
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|'''52.83%''' ''735,740''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|1992
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|35.78% ''578,313''
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|'''42.21%''' ''682,318''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|1988
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|'''51.98%''' ''750,241''
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|46.87% ''676,584''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|1984
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|'''60.73%''' ''890,877''
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|38.83% ''569,597''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|1980
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|'''48.16%''' ''677,210''
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|38.52% ''541,732''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|1976
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|'''52.06%''' ''719,261''
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|46.90% ''647,895''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|1972
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|'''58.57%''' ''810,763''
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|40.13% ''555,498''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|1968
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|44.32% ''556,721''
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|'''49.48%''' ''621,561''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|1964
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|32.09% ''390,996''
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|'''67.81%''' ''826,269''
|-
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|1960
| style="text-align:center; background:#fff3f3;"|46.27% ''565,813''
| style="text-align:center; background:#f0f0ff;"|'''53.73%''' ''657,055''
|}
Currently, Connecticut leans strongly towards the Democratic Party. However, Connecticut has a high percentage of [[voter]]s who are not registered with a [[major party]]. As of 2004, 33.7% of registered voters were Democratic. However, 22.0% were [[Republican]] and 44.0% were unaffiliated with any party. There are 0.2% of people in Connecticut with a minor party.<!-- editor's note: figures do not add up to 100% due to rounding errors --><ref>[http://www.sots.ct.gov/ElectionsServices/election_results/statistics/enrolhst.pdf Party Enrollment in Connecticut]. Connecticut Office of the Secretary of State. Last retrieved 2007-02-22. {{dead link|date=November 2010}}</ref> Most voters in Litchfield County, [[Naugatuck River Valley]], some towns in Fairfield County and towns in the west of Hartford County are Republicans.

== Education ==
Connecticut is the home of [[Yale University]], established in 1701. It is one of the most [[public school|academically]] and most popular [[university|universities]] in the United States.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.yaledailynews.com/articles/view/28392| title = Admit rate falls to record-low 7.5 percent| publisher=[[Yale Daily News]]| date = March 31, 2009| accessdate =April 23, 2009}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> Yale is also one of the largest employers in the state. Its research activity has created many [[biotechnology]] companies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://yalemedicine.yale.edu/ym_fw0001/biotech/biotech1.html |title="New Haven's Biotech Boom," Yale Medicine, Fall 2000/Winter 2001 |publisher=Yalemedicine.yale.edu |accessdate=January 23, 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Mckay |first=David |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/16/nyregion/nyregionspecial2/16yalect.html |title=Yale and New Haven Find Common Ground|location=New Haven (Conn) |work=The New York Times  |date=December 16, 2007 |accessdate=June 5, 2011}}</ref>

The state has many other academic institutions including, [[Trinity College]] (1823), [[Wesleyan University]] (1831), [[University of Hartford]] (1877), [[Post University]] (1890), [[Connecticut College]] (1911), [[United States Coast Guard Academy]] (1915) [[University of New Haven]] (1920) [[University of Bridgeport]] (1927) and [[Quinnipiac University]] (1929). The [[University of Connecticut]] (1881) has been the highest [[rank]]ed public university in New England from 1998 to 2010, according to ''[[U.S. News and World Report]]''.<ref>[http://www.uconn.edu/rankings.php] (Note: US News and World Report is a subscription website.)</ref>

The first [[law school]] ever built in the United States, [[Litchfield Law School]] (1773-1833), was in Litchfield, Connecticut. [[Hartford Public High School]] (1638) is the third-oldest [[Education in the United States|secondary school]] in the nation after [[Collegiate School]] (1628) in Manhattan and the [[Boston Latin School]] (1635) in [[Boston, Massachusetts]]. Connecticut also has many [[private school]]s. The state's [[boarding school]]s [[wikt:attract|attract]] students from around the world.

== Sports ==
Connecticut has had multiple teams in the [[Major professional sports league|big four sports leagues]], and currently [[host]]s none. The [[Hartford Whalers]] of the [[National Hockey League]], played in Hartford from 1979 to 1997 at the [[Hartford Civic Center]]. They left to [[Raleigh, North Carolina]] because of arguments with the state over the construction of a new [[arena]]. This caused many [[wikt:controversy|controversy]] in Connecticut. The Whalers are now known as the [[Carolina Hurricanes]]. 

The [[Hartford Dark Blues]] joined the [[Major League Baseball]] for one season in 1876. They became the state's only major league baseball team. In 1926, Hartford had a team in the [[National Football League]] known as the [[Hartford Blues]]. The [[Connecticut Sun]] of the [[WNBA]], currently play at the [[Mohegan Sun Arena]] in [[Uncasville, Connecticut]]. The [[New England Blizzard]] was another professional woman's basketball team, who played from 1996 to 1998 at the Hartford Civic Center.

The [[UConn Huskies]] play [[NCAA Division I]] sports. They are very popular in the state. Hartford hosted two [[Arena Football League]] teams; the [[Connecticut Coyotes]] (1995-1996) and the [[New England Sea Wolves]] (1999-2000). The [[Hartford Colonials]] of the United Football League, played only one season in 2010. 

Connecticut is known as a "battleground" between fans of the [[New York Yankees]], [[Boston Red Sox]], and [[New York Mets]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/18/sports/baseball/18fans.html?ei=5088&en=6f3f651e40bd2179&ex=1313553600&partner=rssnyt&emc=rss&pagewanted=print | work=The New York Times | title=Where Do Rivals Draw the Line? | first=John | last=Branch | date=August 18, 2006 | accessdate=April 30, 2010}}</ref> In southern Connecticut towards New York, most baseball fans are New York Yankees fans while in the northern parts of the state people there are Boston Red Sox fans. The state hosts several major sporting events. Since 1952, a [[PGA Tour]] [[golf]] [[tournament]] has been played in the Hartford area.

== Names and symbols ==
{{Infobox U.S. state symbols
|Boxwidth        = 25em
|Flag            = Flag of Connecticut.svg
|Name            = Connecticut
|Bird            = [[American Robin]]
|Fish            = [[American shad]]
|Flower          = [[Kalmia latifolia|Mountain Laurel]]
|Insect          = [[European Mantis]]
|Mammal          = [[Sperm whale]]
|Tree            = [[Charter oak|Charter]] [[White oak]]
|Dance           = [[Square dance]]
|Fossil          = [[Trace fossil|Dinosaur tracks]]
|Mineral         = [[Garnet]]
|Shell           = [[Eastern Oyster]]
|Ships           = ''[[USS Nautilus (SSN-571)]]'', ''[[Freedom Schooner Amistad]]''
|Slogan          = ''Full of Surprises''
|Song            = ''[[Yankee Doodle]]'',<br />''[[The Nutmeg]]''
|Tartan          = [http://www.ct.gov/ctportal/cwp/view.asp?a=885&q=246526 Connecticut State Tartan]
|Route Marker    = Connecticut Highway 16.svg
|Quarter         = 1999 CT Proof.png
|QuarterReleaseDate = 1999
}}
The name "Connecticut" comes from the [[Mohegan]] word ''quonehtacut'', meaning "place of long tidal river".<ref name="AboutCT">{{cite web | url = http://www.ct.gov/ctportal/cwp/view.asp?a=843&q=246434 | title = CT.gov: About Connecticut | accessdate =December 18, 2005}}</ref> Connecticut's official [[List of U.S. state nicknames|nickname]] is "The Constitution State".<ref name=SOTS>{{cite web|url=http://www.sots.ct.gov/sots/cwp/view.asp?A=3188&QUESTION_ID=392608|title=SOTS: Sites, Seals & Symbols|accessdate=June 12, 2008}}</ref> Unofficially, Connecticut is also known as "The Nutmeg State".<ref name=SOTS/> [[George Washington]], first [[President of the United States]], named Connecticut "The Provisions State".<ref name=SOTS/>  This was because, the state gave many [[aid]] materials during the [[American Revolutionary War]]. The state is also known as "The Land of Steady Habits".<ref name=SOTS/> 

According to Webster's New International Dictionary in 1993, a person who was born or lives in Connecticut is a "Connecticuter". There are many other terms that are in [[coin]]s but are not used. These include "Connecticotian" - [[Cotton Mather]] in 1702. "Connecticutensian" - [[Samuel Peters]] in 1781. "Nutmegger" is sometimes used.<ref name=cslib>{{cite web| url=http://www.cslib.org/nicknamesCT.htm| title=Connecticut's Nicknames| publisher=Connecticut State Library}}</ref> "Yankee" is also sometimes used because of the [[List of U.S. state songs|official state song]] "[[Yankee Doodle]]". The [[abbreviation]] of the state's name is "Conn."; the official [[United States Postal Service|postal abbreviation]] is CT.

{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto"
|+ Connecticut state insignia and historical figures<ref name=SOTS/>
|-
|State hero || [[Nathan Hale]]
|-
|State heroine || [[Prudence Crandall]]
|-
|State composer || [[Charles Edward Ives]]
|-
|State statues in [[National Statuary Hall Collection|Statuary Hall]] || [[Roger Sherman]] and [[Jonathan Trumbull]]
|-
<!-- STATE PEOPLE, HONORARY POSTS-->
|State poet laureate || [[Dick Allen (poet)|Dick Allen]]
|-
|[[Connecticut State Troubadour]] || Chuck E. Costa<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kids.ct.gov/kids/cwp/view.asp?a=2731&q=314202 |title=State Symbols: The State Troubador – Chuck E. Costa |work=ConneCTKids |publisher=State of Connecticut |date=March 15, 2011 |accessdate=September 15, 2011}}</ref>
|-
|State composer laureate || [[Jacob Druckman]]
|}

== References ==
{{reflist|2|refs=

<ref name=dicdef>{{cite web |url= http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/connecticut|title= Connecticut - Definitions from Dictionary.com |accessdate=September 17, 2007 |archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5uKkvMGho |archivedate = November 18, 2010|deadurl=no}}</ref>

<ref name=USAToday>{{cite news| date=November 29, 2005| title=Highest wages in East, lowest in South|work=USA Today| url=http://www.usatoday.com/money/economy/2005-11-29-wage_x.htm | first1=Stephen | last1=Ohlemacher | accessdate=April 30, 2010|archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5uKkvtVNF |archivedate = November 18, 2010|deadurl=no}}</ref>

<ref name=census>{{cite web| date=March 18, 2000| title=Census 2000| publisher=United States Census Bureau| url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/GCTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-_box_head_nbr=GCT-P14&-ds_name=DEC_2000_SF3_U&-format=US-9|archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5uKkweQ74 |archivedate = November 18, 2010|deadurl=no}}</ref>

<ref name=bbc>{{cite news| date=July 17, 2008| title=US slips down development index|publisher=BBC | url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7511426.stm|archiveurl = http://www.webcitation.org/5uKkxLjnC |archivedate = November 18, 2010|deadurl=no}}</ref>

<ref name=NYTimes>{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/09/nyregion/09income.html | work=The New York Times | title=Income Gap in Connecticut Is Growing Fastest, Study Finds | date=April 9, 2008}}</ref>

<ref name=cqpress>{{cite web|url=http://os.cqpress.com/citycrime/2010/City_crime_rate_2010-2011_hightolow.pdf|title=2010 City Crime Rate Rankings|accessdate=October 6, 2012}}</ref>
}}

== Other websites ==
{{Sister project links|Connecticut}}
* [http://www.ct.gov/ State of Connecticut] – Official state website
* [http://wikis.ala.org/godort/index.php/Connecticut Connecticut State Databases] – Annotated list of searchable databases produced by Connecticut state agencies and compiled by the Government Documents Roundtable of the American Library Association.
* [http://www.sots.ct.gov/sots/cwp/view.asp?a=3188&q=392636&SOTSNav_GID=1849 Connecticut State Register & Manual] – updated annually
* [http://www.ct.gov/ctportal/cwp/view.asp?a=843&q=257266 Directory of Web sites of Connecticut towns and cities]
* [http://tonto.eia.doe.gov/state/state_energy_profiles.cfm?sid=CT Energy Data & Statistics for Connecticut- From the U.S. Department of Energy]
* [http://www2.census.gov/census_2000/datasets/demographic_profile/Connecticut/2kh09.pdf 2000 Census of Population and Housing for Connecticut], [[U.S. Census Bureau]]
* [http://www.ctvisit.com/ CTVisit.com] – Official state tourism website
* [http://www.chs.org/ Connecticut Historical Society]
* [http://www.ctgenealogy.com/ Connecticut Society of Genealogists (Est. 1968)]
* [http://www.ers.usda.gov/StateFacts/CT.htm Connecticut State Facts]
* [http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/09000.html U.S. Census Bureau]
* [http://www.usgs.gov/state/state.asp?State=CT USGS real-time, geographic, and other scientific resources of Connecticut]
* [http://www.hartfordradiohistory.com/ Connecticut Broadcasting History]
* [http://www.ctradiohistory.org/ Connecticut Radio History]
{{clear}}

{{Geographic location
 | Northwest =
 | North = {{flag|Vermont}}<br>{{flag|Massachusetts}}
 | Northeast = {{flag|New Hampshire}}
 | West = {{flag|New York}}
 | Centre = '' Connecticut''
 | East = {{flag|Rhode Island}}
 | Southwest = {{flag|New York City}}<br>{{flag|New Jersey}}
 | South = [[Long Island Sound]]<br>[[Long Island]]
 | Southeast = Atlantic Ocean
}}

{{Coord|41.6|N|72.7|W|region:US-CT_type:adm1st_scale:1000000|display=title}}

<!-- [[Category:Connecticut| ]] -->

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