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{{Infobox Prime Minister 
| name               =  Alcide De Gasperi
| image              = De_Gasperi.JPG 
| order              = 44th <br> [[President of the Council of Ministers of Italy]]
| monarch            = [[Victor Emmanuel III of Italy|Victor Emmanuel III]]<br>[[Umberto II of Italy|Humbert II]]
| president    	     = [[Enrico De Nicola]] <br> [[Luigi Einaudi]]
| term_start         = December 10, 1945 
| term_end           = August 2, 1953
(contracted; show full)ewspaper he often took positions in favour of a cultural [[autonomy]] for [[Welschtirol]] and in defence of Italian culture in Trentino, in contrast to the [[Germanisation]] plans of the German radical nationalists in [[County of Tyrol|Tyrol]]. However, he never questioned whether or not Trentino should belong to Austria–Hungary and claimed that, in the case of a referendum, 90% of the Trentino would nevertheless choose the popular Austrian emperor [[Franz Joseph I of Austria]] over the Italian motherland.
  

In 1911 he became a [[Member of Parliament]] for the Popular Political Union of Trentine ([[Italian Language|Italian]]: ''{{lang-it|Unione Politica Popolare del Trentino''}} - UPPT) in the [[Austria]]n [[Reichsrat (Austria)|Reichsrat]], a post he held for 6 years. He was politically neutral during [[World War I]], which he spent in [[Vienna]]. However, he sympathized with the ultimately unsuccessful efforts of [[pope Benedict XV]] (1914-–1922) and [[beatification|Bl.]] [[Karl I of Austria]] to obtain an honourable peace and stop the war and mass warfare. When his home region was transferred to Italy in the post-war settlement, he accepted Italian citizenship.

===Opposing Fascism===
In 1919 he was among of the founders of the [[Italian People's Party (1919-1926)|Italian People's Party]] ([[Italian Language|Italian]]: ''{{lang-it|Partito Popolare Italiano''}} - PPI), with Don [[Luigi Sturzo]]. He served as a deputy in the Italian Parliament from 1921 to 1924, a period marked by the rise of [[Italian fascism|Fascism]]. He initially supported the participation of the PPI in [[Benito Mussolini]]’s first government in October 1922.

As Mussolini's hold on the Italian government grew stronger, he soon diverged with the Fascists over constitutional changes to the powers of the executive and to the election system (the [[Acerbo Law]]), and to Fascist violence against the constitutional parties, culminating in the murder of [[Giacomo Matteotti]]. The PPI split, and De Gasperi became secretary of the remaining anti-Fascist group in May 1924. In November 1926, in a climate of overt violence and intimidation by the Fascists, the PPI was dissolved.

De Gasperi was arrested in March 1927 and sentenced to four years in prison. The [[Holy See|Vatican]] negotiated his release. A year and a half in prison nearly broke De Gasperi's health. After his release in July 1928, he was unemployed and in serious financial hardship, until in 1929 his ecclesiastical contacts secured him a job as a cataloguer in the Vatican Library, where he spent the next fourteen years until the collapse of Fascism in July 1943.

===Founding the Christian Democrat Party===
During [[World War II]], he organized the establishment of the first (and at the time, illegal) Christian Democracy party, or ''[[Democrazia Cristiana]]'', drawing upon the ideology of the Popular Party. In January 1943, he published "Ideas for reconstruction" ([[Italian Language|Italian]]: ''{{lang-it|Idee ricostruttive''}}) which amounted to a party programme for the party. He became the first general secretary of the new party in 1944.

De Gasperi was the undisputed head of the Christian Democrats, the party that dominated Parliament for the next decades. Although his control of the DC appeared almost complete, he had to carefully balance of different factions and interests, especially over relations with the Vatican, over social reform, and over foreign policy.

===Prime Minister===
(contracted; show full)
The [[Italian general election, 1948|general elections in April 1948]] were heavily influenced by the cold-war confrontation between the [[Soviet Union]] and the [[United States]]. After the Soviet-inspired February 1948 communist coup in [[Czechoslovakia]], the US became alarmed about Soviet intentions and feared that, if the leftist coalition were to win the elections, the Soviet-funded [[Italian Communist Party]] (PCI) would draw Italy into the Soviet Union's sphere of influence.
  

The election campaign remains unmatched in verbal aggression and fanaticism in Italy's history on both sides. The Catholic Church in Italy worked hard to encourage people to vote against communist candidates. The Christian Democratic [[propaganda]] became famous in claiming that in Communist countries "children sent parents to jail", "children were owned by the state", "people ate their own children", and claiming disaster would strike Italy if the left were to take powe(contracted; show full)ennedy]] and Claire Booth Luce helped to raise US$2 million for the Christian Democrat Party.<ref name=>[http://www.fsmitha.com/h2/ch24cld.html  The Cold War Begins], Frank Eugene Smitha</ref> Time Magazine backed the campaign and featured De Gasperi on its April 19, 1948 issue’s cover and in its lead story.<ref name=tim190448/> (He would appear on a Time cover again on May 25, 1953, during the campaign for that year's election, with an extensive biography.<ref name=time250553>
  [http://jcgi.pathfinder.com/time/printout/0,8816,890557,00.html Man from the Mountains], Time Magazine, May 25, 1953</ref>)

The Christian Democrats won a resounding victory with 48 percent of the vote (their best result ever, and not repeated since). The communists received only half the votes they had in 1946. The Christian Democrats won a parliamentary majority and De Gasperi formed a new centre-right government. In the following five years De Gasperi continued to run the country. "De Gasperi’(contracted; show full)

When the Christian Democrats did not gain a majority in the [[Italian general election, 1953|elections of 1953]], De Gasperi was unable to establish a workable government and was forced to resign as Prime Minister.<ref name=time270653>
  [http://www.time.com/time/printout/0,8816,936090,00.html Cabinet Maker], Time, July 27, 1953</ref><ref name=time100853>[http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,818642,00.html De Gasperi's Fall], Time, August 10, 1953</ref> The following year he also had to give up the leadership of the party.

(contracted; show full)|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Guido Gonella]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Christian Democracy (Italy, historical)|Secretary of Christian Democracy]]|years=1953 &ndash; 1954}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Amintore Fanfani]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{Prime ministers of Italy}}
{{Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs}}
  
{{Italian Ministers of the Interior}}
{{Secretaries of the Italian Christian Democracy}}
{{National Liberation Committee}}
{{EuroparlPres}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:De Gasperi, Alcide}}
<!--Categories-->
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[[Category:20th-century venerated Christians]]

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