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{{About|the poet and playwright|other persons of the same name|William Shakespeare (disambiguation)|other uses of "Shakespeare"|Shakespeare (disambiguation)}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2014}}
{{Infobox writer <!-- for more information see [[:Template:Infobox writer/doc]] -->
| name = William Shakespeare
| image = Shakespeare.jpg<!--Please see the talk page before making any changes to the portrait-->
(contracted; show full)


==Life==
<!-- This is a SUMMARY. Please don't add new information or details here, but instead at the main article [[William Shakespeare's life]]! -->
{{Main|Shakespeare's life}}

===Early life===
William Shakespeare was the son of [[John Shakespeare]], an [[alderman]] and a successful glove
r originally from [[Snitterfield maker]], and [[Mary Shakespeare|Mary Arden]], the daughter of an affluent landowning wealthy farmer.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schoenbaum|1987|loc=14–22}}.</ref> He was born in [[Stratford-upon-Avon]] and baptised there on 26&nbsp;April 1564. His actual date of birth remainis unknown, bu.  It is traditionally observcelebrated on 23&nbsp;April, [[Saint George's Day]].<ref>{{Harvnb|Schoenbaum|1987|loc=24–6}}.</ref> '''This date, which can be traced back to an 18th-century scholar's mistake, has proved appealing to biographers, since Shakespeare died 23&nbsp;April 1616'''.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schoenbaum|1987|loc=24, 296}}; {{Harvnb|Honan|1998|loc=15–16}}.</ref> He was the third child of eight and the eoldest surviving son.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schoenbaum|1987|loc=23–24}}.</ref>

Although no attendance records for the period survive, mMost biographers agree that Shakespeare was probably educated at the [[King Edward VI School, Stratford-upon-Avon|King's New School]] in Stratford, but no records from the school have been found.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schoenbaum|1987|loc=62–63}}; {{Harvnb|Ackroyd|2006|loc=53}}; {{Harvnb|Wells|Taylor|Jowett|Montgomery|2005|loc=xv–xvi}}</ref> The school was a free school chartered in 1553,.<ref>{{Harvnb|Baldwin|1944|loc=464}}.</ref> It was located about a quarter-mile (400&nbsp;m) from his home. [[Grammar school]]s varied in quality during the Elizabethan era, but grammar school curriculasubjects were largely similar: t. The basic [[Latin]] text was standardised by royal decree,<ref>{{Harvnb|Baldwin|1944|loc=179–80, 183}}; {{Harvnb|Cressy|1975|loc=28, 29}}.</ref> and the school would have provided an intensive education in grammar based upon Latin [[classics|classical]] authors.<ref>{{Harvnb|Baldwin|1944|loc=117}}.</ref>

[[File:William Shakespeares birthplace, Stratford-upon-Avon 26l2007.jpg|thumb|left|John Shakespeare's house, believed to be [[Shakespeare's Birthplace|Shakespeare's birthplace]], in [[Stratford-upon-Avon]].]]
At the age of 18, Shakespeare married 26-year-old [[Anne Hathaway (Shakespeare's wife)|Anne Hathaway]]. The [[consistory court]] of the [[Anglican Diocese of Worcester|Diocese of Worcester]] issued a marriage licence on 27&nbsp;November 1582. The next day, two of Hathaway's neighbours posted bonds guaranteeing that no lawful claims impeded the marriage.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schoenbaum|1987|loc=77–78}}.</ref> The ceremony may have been arranged in some haste, since the Worcester [[chancellor]] allowed the [[Banns of marriage|marriage banns]] to be read once instead of the usual three times,<ref>{{Harvnb|Wood|2003|loc=84}}; {{Harvnb|Schoenbaum|1987|loc=78–79}}.</ref> and sSix months after the marriage Anne gave birth to a daughter, [[Susanna Hall|Susanna]], baptised 26 May 1583.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schoenbaum|1987|loc=93}}.</ref> Twins, son [[Hamnet Shakespeare|Hamnet]] and daughter [[Judith Quiney|Judith]], followed almost two years later and. They were baptised 2 February 1585.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schoenbaum|1987|loc=94}}.</ref> Hamnet died of unknown causes at the age of 11 and was buried 11&nbsp;August 1596.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schoenbaum|1987|loc=224}}.</ref>

[[File:Shakespeare coat-of-arms.jpg|thumb|Shakespeare's coat of arms, as it appears on the rough draft of the application to grant a coat-of-arms to John Shakespeare. It featurehas a spear as a [[canting arms|pun]] on the family name.{{refn|group=nb|The [[crest (heraldry)|crest]] is a silver falcon supporting a spear, while the motto is ''Non Sanz Droict'' (French for "not without right"). This motto is still used by [[Warwickshire County Council]], in reference to Shakespeare.}}]]
After the birth of the twins, Shakespeare left few historical traceslittle is known about Shakespeare's life until he is mentioned as part of the London theatre scene in 1592. The exception is the appearance of his name in the 'complaints bill' of a law case before the Queen's Bench court at Westminster dated [[Michaelmas Term]] 1588 and 9 October 1589.<ref>{{Harvnb|Bate|2008|loc=314}}.</ref> Scholars refer toScholars call the years between 1585 and 1592 as Shakespeare's "lost years".<ref>{{Harvnb|Schoenbaum|1987|loc=95}}.</ref> Biographers attempttrying to accfind ount forabout this period have reported many [[wikt:apocryphal|apocryphal]]false stories. [[Nicholas Rowe (writer)|Nicholas Rowe]], Shakespeare's first biographer, recountetold a Stratford legend that Shakespeare fled the town for London to escape [[prosecution]] for deer [[poaching]] in the estate of local [[squire]] [[Thomas Lucy]]. Shakespeare is also supposed to have taken his revenge on Lucy by writing a scurrilous ballad about him.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schoenbaum|1987|loc=97–108}}; {{Harvnb|Rowe|1709}}.</ref> Another 18th-century story has Shakespeare starting his theatrical career mindinglooking after the horses of theatre patrongoers in London.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schoenbaum|1987|loc=144–45}}.</ref> [[John Aubrey]] reported that Shakespeare had been a country schoolmaster.<ref>{{Harvnb|Schoenbaum|1987|loc=110–11}}.</ref> Some 20th-century scholars have suggested that Shakespeare may have been employed as a schoolmaster by Alexander Hoghton of [[Lancashire]], a Catholic landowner who named a certain "William Shakeshafte" in his will.<ref>{{Harvnb|Honigmann|1999|loc=1}}; {{Harvnb|Wells|Taylor|Jowett|Montgomery|2005|loc=xvii}}</ref> Little evidence substantiateconfirms such stories other than [[wikt:hearsay|hearsay]] collected after his death, and Shakeshafte was a common name in the Lancashire area.<ref>{{Harvnb|Honigmann|1999|loc=95–117}}; {{Harvnb|Wood|2003|loc=97–109}}.</ref>

===London and theatrical career===
{{Quote box|align=right|quote=<poem>
"All the world's a stage,
and all the men and women merely players:
they have their exits and their entrances;
and one man in his time plays many parts&nbsp;..."
(contracted; show full)[[Category:People from Stratford-upon-Avon]]
[[Category:People of the Elizabethan era]]
[[Category:People of the Stuart period]]
[[Category:Shakespeare family|William]]
[[Category:Sonneteers]]
[[Category:King's Men (playing company)]]
[[Category:English male dramatists and playwrights]]
[[Category:English male poets]]-->