Difference between revisions 5701369 and 5702388 on simplewiki

The idea of the heat death of the universe, proposed in 1851 by [[w:William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin|William Thomson]], stems from the [[second law of thermodynamics]], which states that [[heat]] tends to pass from hotter to colder bodies and eventually becomes uniformly distributed. As an elementary particle of matter (such as a proton) self‑gravitationally shrinks, its heat becomes intensified ("augmented") to a higher temperature and then radiated away into the ambient vacuum:
(contracted; show full)it surface area of the self‑gravitationally condensing sphere radiates away heat is proportional to the fourth power of the sphere's temperature. So, even after taking into account that the sphere's surface area decreases a hundredfold (as the square of the radius), Lane's law implies that, '''when the self‑gravitating sphere's radius shrinks tenfold, the sphere's total radiative heat loss per unit time increases a hundredfold'''.


In addition, the gravitational potential energy of a self‑gravitationally collapsing uniform sphere is proportional to its radius ''R'':
:<math>U=-\frac{3GM^2}{5R}</math>
That is why the tenfold decrease in the radius implies that the amount of generated collapse&#8209;impeding actual energy decreases tenfold. Therefore, '''when the self&#8209;gravitating sphere's radius shrinks tenfold, the speed of the sphere's collapse increases a thousandfold'''.⏎
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In 1983, numerical calculations on large computers predicted that as the temperature is raised the colour&#8209;repelling physical vacuum should flip into the simple vacuum, of which protons consist, at a temperature of 2&nbsp;×&nbsp;10<sup>12</sup> K.<ref>Willis, Bill. [https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=F0aIiC-z5_kC&pg=PA10 Collisions to melt the vacuum]. ''New Scientist'', 3 October 1983, p. 10</ref> From the [[Stefan–Boltzmann law]] it follows(contracted; show full)*[[Minimum total potential energy principle]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Cosmology]]
[[Category:Thermodynamics]]
[[Category:Universe]]