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Archosauriformes
{{Automatic taxobox
| fossil_range = [[Lopingian]]–[[Holocene|Present]], {{fossil range|260|0}}
| image = ProterosuchusDB.jpg
| image_caption = Life restoration of a ''[[Proterosuchus fergusi]]''
| image2 = Americanalligator.jpg
| image2_caption = [[American alligator]] (''A. mississippiensis'')
| authority = [[Jacques Gauthier|Gauthier]], 1986
| subdivision_ranks = Subgroups<ref name=ezcurra2016>Ezcurra, M.D. (2016). The phylogenetic relationships of basal archosauromorphs, with an emphasis on the systematics of proterosuchian archosauriforms. ''PeerJ'', e1778 [https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1778]</ref>
| subdivision =
*{{extinct}}''[[Cuyosuchus]]''
*{{extinct}}''[[Eorasaurus]]''
*{{extinct}}''[[Fugusuchus]]''
*{{extinct}}''[[Kalisuchus]]''
*{{extinct}}''[[Sarmatosuchus]]''
*{{extinct}}[[Proterosuchidae]]
*{{extinct}}[[Erythrosuchidae]]
*'''Eucrocopoda''' <small>Ezcurra, 2016</small>
**{{extinct}}''[[Asperoris]]''
**{{extinct}}''[[Dongusuchus]]''
**{{extinct}}''[[Dorosuchus]]''
**{{extinct}}''[[Yarasuchus]]''
**{{extinct}}[[Euparkeriidae]]<ref name="SB14">{{Cite journal | doi = 10.7717/peerj.658| title = Systematics of putative euparkeriids (Diapsida: Archosauriformes) from the Triassic of China| journal = PeerJ| volume = 2| pages = e658| year = 2014| last1 = Sookias | first1 = R. B. | last2 = Sullivan | first2 = C. | last3 = Liu | first3 = J. | last4 = Butler | first4 = R. J. | pmid=25469319 | pmc=4250070}}</ref>
**{{extinct}}[[Proterochampsia]]
**[[Archosauria]]
}}

'''Archosauriformes''' ([[Ancient Greek|Greek]] for 'ruling lizards', and [[Latin]] for 'form') is a clade of [[diapsid]] [[reptile]]s that developed from [[Archosauromorpha|archosauromorph]] ancestors some time in the Late [[Permian]] (roughly 250 [[million years ago]]). It was defined by [[Jacques Gauthier]] (1994) as the clade stemming from the last common ancestor of [[Proterosuchidae]] and [[Archosaur]]ia;<ref>Gauthier J. A. (1994): ''The diversification of the amniotes''. In: D. R. Prothero and R. M. Schoch (ed.) Major Features of Vertebrate Evolution: 129-159. Knoxville, Tennessee: The Paleontological Society.</ref> Phil Senter (2005) defined it as the most exclusive clade containing ''[[Proterosuchus]]'' and Archosauria.<ref>{{Cite journal|author=Phil Senter |year=2005 |title=Phylogenetic taxonomy and the names of the major archosaurian (Reptilia) clades |journal=PaleoBios |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=1–7 }}</ref> These [[reptile]]s, which include members of the [[Family (biology)|family]] Proterosuchidae and more advanced forms, were originally superficially crocodile-like predatory semi-aquatic animals about 1.5&nbsp;meters (5&nbsp;ft) long, with a sprawling elbows-out stance and long snouts. Unlike the bulk of their [[therapsid]] contemporaries, the proterosuchids survived the [[Permian-Triassic extinction event|catastrophe at the end of the Permian]], perhaps because they were opportunistic scavengers or because they could retreat into water to find respite from an overheated climate. Any such scenarios are hypothetical; what is clearer is that these animals were highly successful in their new environment, and evolved quickly. Within a few million years at the opening of the [[Triassic]], the proterosuchids had given rise to the [[Erythrosuchidae]] (the first [[sauropsid]]s to totally dominate their environment), which in turn were the ancestors of the small agile [[Euparkeriidae]], from which a number of successfully more advanced families – the archosaurs proper – evolved rapidly to fill empty ecological niches in the devastated global system. The Archosauria includes [[crocodylia]]ns, [[bird]]s, and their extinct relatives. The archosaurs were the only members of the Archosauriformes which survived the late Triassic extinction.<ref>[https://books.google.nocom/books?id=TN_KBP3vxg4C&pg=PA582&dq=No+non-archosaurian+%22archosauriforms+persist+beyond+the+Triassic%E2%80%94Jurassic+boundary%22&hl=no&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjfseDPlPTSAhVhApoKHbg_BdgQ6AEIHjAA#v=onepage&q=No%20non-archosaurian%20%22archosauriforms%20persist%20beyond%20the%20Triassic%E2%80%94Jurassic%20boundary%22&f=false Anatomy, Phylogeny and Palaeobiology of Early Archosaurs and Their Kin]</ref>

Pre-''[[Euparkeria]]'' Archosauriformes have previously been included in the suborder [[Proterosuchia]] of the order [[Thecodontia]]. Under the [[cladistics|cladistic]] methodology, Proterosuchia has been rejected as a [[paraphyletic]] assemblage, and the pre-archosaurian taxa are simply considered as basal Archosauriformes.

==Relationships==
Below is a cladogram from Nesbitt (2011):<ref name=NSJ11>{{cite journal |last=Nesbitt |first=S.J. |year=2011 |title=The early evolution of archosaurs: relationships and the origin of major clades |journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |volume=352 |pages=1–292 |url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/bitstream/2246/6112/1/B352.pdf |doi=10.1206/352.1}}</ref>

{{clade| style=font-size:100%;line-height:85%
|label1='''Archosauriformes'''&nbsp;
|1={{clade
   |label1=&nbsp;[[Proterosuchidae]]&nbsp;
   |1={{clade
      |1=''[[Archosaurus]]''
      |2=''[[Proterosuchus]]''[[File:ProterosuchusDB flipped.jpg|80 px]]}}
   |2={{clade
      |1=''[[Erythrosuchus]]''[[File:Erythrosuchus afr12DB.jpg|80 px]]
      |2={{clade
         |1=''[[Vancleavea]]''
         |2={{clade
            |label1=&nbsp;[[Proterochampsia]]&nbsp;
            |1={{clade
               |1=''[[Tropidosuchus]]''
               |2=''[[Chanaresuchus]]''[[File:Chanaresuchus.jpg|80 px]]}}
            |2={{clade
               |1=''[[Euparkeria]][[File:Euparkeria BW flipped.jpg|80 px]]
               |label2=&nbsp;'''[[Crurotarsi]]'''&nbsp;
               |2={{clade
                  |label1=&nbsp;[[Phytosauria]]*&nbsp;
                  |1={{clade
                     |1=''[[Parasuchus]]''
                     |2={{clade
                        |1=''[[Smilosuchus]]''[[File:Smilosuchus adamanensis flipped.jpg|80px]]
                        |2=''[[Pseudopalatus]]''}} }}
                  |label2=&nbsp;'''[[Archosauria]]'''&nbsp;
                  |2={{clade
                     |1=[[Pseudosuchia]][[File:Description des reptiles nouveaux, ou, Imparfaitement connus de la collection du Muséum d'histoire naturelle et remarques sur la classification et les caractères des reptiles (1852) (Crocodylus moreletii).jpg|80px]]
                     |2=[[Avemetatarsalia]][[File:Meyers grosses Konversations-Lexikon - ein Nachschlagewerk des allgemeinen Wissens (1908) (Antwerpener Breiftaube).jpg|40 px]]
}} }} }} }} }} }} }} 
<nowiki>*</nowiki><u>Note</u>: Phytosaurs were previously placed within Pseudosuchia, or crocodile-line archosaurs.}}

Below is a cladogram from Sengupta ''et al.'' (2017),<ref name=description>{{cite journal |last1=Sengupta |first1=S.|last2=Ezcurra |first2=M.D.|last3=Bandyopadhyay |first3=S.|year=2017|title=A new horned and long-necked herbivorous stem-archosaur from the Middle Triassic of India|url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-08658-8#Bib1|journal=''Scientific Reports''|volume=7}}</ref> based on an updated version of Ezcurra (2016)<ref name=ezcurra2016/> that reexamined all historical members of the "Proterosuchia" (a [[polyphyletic]] historical group including [[proterosuchid]]s and [[erythrosuchid]]s). The placement of fragmentary taxa that had to be removed to increase tree resolution are indicated by dashed lines (in the most derived position that they can be confidently assigned to). Taxa that are ''[[nomina dubia]]'' are indicated by the note "dubium". Bold terminal taxa are collapsed.<ref name=ezcurra2016/>

{{clade| style=font-size:80%;line-height:80%
|label1=&nbsp;[[Crocopoda]]&nbsp;
|1={{clade
   |1='''[[Allokotosauria]]'''[[File:Trilophosaurus buettneri (flipped).jpg|80px]]
   |2={{clade
      |1='''[[Rhynchosauria]]'''[[File:Hyperodapedon BW2 white background.jpg|80px]]
      |2={{clade
         |1=''[[Boreopricea funerea]]''
         |2={{clade
            |1='''[[Prolacertidae]]'''
            |2={{clade
               |1=SAM-PK-591|state1=dashed
               |2=''"[[Ankistrodon indicus]]"'' (dubium)|state2=dashed
               |3=''"[[Blomosuchus georgii]]"'' (dubium)|state3=dashed
               |4=''[[Tasmaniosaurus triassicus]]''
               |label5=&nbsp;'''Archosauriformes'''&nbsp;
               |5={{clade
                  |label1=&nbsp;''[[Chasmatosuchus]]''&nbsp;|state1=dashed
                  |1={{clade
                     |1=''[[Chasmatosuchus magnus]]''
                     |2=''[[Chasmatosuchus rossicus]]''
                     |3=''[[Gamosaurus lozovskii]]''}}
                  |2=''[[Chasmatosuchus vjushkovi]]''|state2=dashed
                  |3=''[[Vonhuenia friedrichi]]''|state3=dashed
                  |4='''[[Proterosuchidae]]'''[[File:ProterosuchusDB flipped.jpg|80px]]
                  |5={{clade
                     |1=''[[Eorasaurus olsoni]]''|state1=dashed
                     |2=''[[Kalisuchus rewanensis]]''|state2=dashed
                     |3=''[[Fugusuchus hejiapanensis]]''
                     |4={{clade
                        |1=''[[Sarmatosuchus otschevi]]''
                        |2={{clade
                           |1=''[[Cuyosuchus huenei]]''
                           |2={{clade
                              |1='''[[Erythrosuchidae]]'''[[File:GarjainiaDB.jpg|80px]]
                              |label2=&nbsp;'''Eucrocopoda'''&nbsp;
                              |2={{clade
                                 |1=''[[Asperoris mnyama]]''
                                 |2=''[[Dorosuchus neoetus]]''
                                 |3={{clade
                                    |1=''[[Euparkeria capensis]]''[[File:Euparkeria BW flipped.jpg|80 px]]
                                    |2={{clade
                                       |label1=&nbsp;[[Proterochampsia]]&nbsp;
                                       |1={{clade
                                          |1='''[[Doswelliidae]]'''[[File:Doswellia BW flipped.jpg|80px]]
                                          |2='''[[Proterochampsidae]]'''[[File:Chanaresuchus.jpg|80px]]}}
                                       |label2=&nbsp;[[Archosauria]]&nbsp;
                                       |2={{clade
                                          |label1=&nbsp;[[Avemetatarsalia]]&nbsp;
                                          |1={{clade
                                             |1='''[[Aphanosauria]]'''[[File:Yarasuchus.jpg|80 px]]
                                             |2='''[[Ornithodira]]'''[[File:Meyers grosses Konversations-Lexikon - ein Nachschlagewerk des allgemeinen Wissens (1908) (Antwerpener Breiftaube).jpg|40 px]]}}
                                          |label2=&nbsp;[[Pseudosuchia]]&nbsp;
                                          |2={{clade
                                             |1='''[[Phytosauria]]'''[[File:Smilosuchus adamanensis flipped.jpg|80px]]
                                             |2='''The rest of Pseudosuchia'''[[File:Description des reptiles nouveaux, ou, Imparfaitement connus de la collection du Muséum d'histoire naturelle et remarques sur la classification et les caractères des reptiles (1852) (Crocodylus moreletii).jpg|80px]]}} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}

==Sources==
*{{cite book
  | first = J. A. | last = Gauthier | authorlink = Jacques Gauthier | editor-last = Padian | editor-first = K. (ed.) 
  | chapter = Saurischian monophyly and the origin of birds
  | title = The Origin of Birds and the Evolution of Flight 
  | series = Memoirs of the California Academy of Sciences
  | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=B1d0QgAACAAJ 
  | year = 1986 | volume = 8 | pages = 1–55 | place = | publisher = [[California Academy of Sciences]]
  | isbn = 0-940228-14-9}}
*{{Cite journal
  | last = Gauthier | first = J. A. | authorlink = Jacques Gauthier |author2=Kluge, A. G. |author3=Rowe, T. | title = Amniote phylogeny and the importance of fossils
  | journal = [[Cladistics (journal)|Cladistics]] | volume = 4 | issue = 2 | pages = 105–209 | publisher = [[John Wiley & Sons]] | date = June 1988
  | issn = | doi = 10.1111/j.1096-0031.1988.tb00514.x }}

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050409174045/http://www.palaeos.com/vertebrates/Units/270Archosauromorpha/270.400.html Paleos]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050310170659/http://www.fmnh.helsinki.fi/users/haaramo/Metazoa/Deuterostoma/Chordata/Reptilia/Archosauromorpha/Archosauriformes.htm Mikko's Phylogeny Archive]

{{Archosauromorpha|state=collapsed}}
{{Archosauriformes|B.}}
[[Category:Archosauriforms| ]]
[[Category:Archosaurs| ]]
[[Category:Lopingian first appearances]]
[[Category:Extant Permian first appearances]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Jacques Gauthier]]