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==Applications of ferrocene and its derivatives==
Ferrocene and its numerous derivatives have no large-scale applications, but have many niche uses that exploit the unusual structure (ligand scaffolds, pharmaceutical candidates), robustness (anti-knock formulations, precursors to materials), and redox (reagents and redox standards).


===As a ligand scaffold===
Chiral ferrocenyl [[phosphine]]s are employed as ligands for transition-metal catalyzed reactions. Some of them have found industrial applications in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. For example, the [[diphosphines|diphosphine]] [[1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene|1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]] (dppf) is a valuable ligand for [[palladium]]-[[coupling reaction]]s.

==Potential applications of ferrocene and its derivatives==⏎
===Fuel additives===
Ferrocene and its derivatives are [[antiknock agent]]s used in the fuel for [[petrol engine]]s; they are safer than [[tetraethyllead]], previously used.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.osd.org.tr/14.pdf |title=Application of fuel additives}}</ref> Petrol additive solutions containing ferrocene can be added to unleaded petrol to enable its use in vintage cars designed to run on leaded petrol.<ref>{{citation|country-code=US|patent-number=4104036|title=Iron-containing motor(contracted; show full)st5=J.|last6=Dive|first6=D.|title=The antimalarial ferroquine: from bench to clinic|journal=Parasite|volume=18|issue=3|year=2011|pages=207–214|issn=1252-607X|doi=10.1051/parasite/2011183207|url=http://www.parasite-journal.org/articles/parasite/full_html/2011/03/parasite2011183p207/parasite2011183p207.html|PMID=21894260|PMC=3671469}} {{open access}}</ref><ref>Roux, C.; Biot, C., "Ferrocene-based antimalarials", Future Med. Chem. 2012, 4, 783-797. {{DOI|10.4155/fmc.12.26}}</ref>


===As a ligand scaffold===
Chiral ferrocenyl [[phosphine]]s are employed as ligands for transition-metal catalyzed reactions. Some of them have found industrial applications in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. For example, the [[diphosphines|diphosphine]] [[1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene|1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]] (dppf) is a valuable ligand for [[palladium]]-[[coupling reaction]]s.

===As an [[NMR]] standard===
Ferrocene may be used as an NMR standard when doing quantitative NMR, as all of its ten protons are chemically equivalent, it is non-volatile, and is soluble in many organic solvents. In [[Deuterated chloroform|CDCl<sub>3</sub>]], it shows a large singlet located at 4.15 ppm. <ref>https://www.chemicalbook.com/SpectrumEN_102-54-5_1HNMR.htm The NMR of ferrocene</ref>⏎
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==Derivatives and variations==
Ferrocene analogues can be prepared with variants of cyclopentadienyl. For example, bis[[indene|indenyliron]] and bisfluorenyliron.<ref name=Stepnicka/>

[[Image:FcVarietyPack.png|400px|center|Various ferrocene derivatives where cyclopentadienyl has been replaced by related ligands]]

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[[Category:Antiknock agents]]
[[Category:Sandwich compounds]]
[[Category:Cyclopentadienyl complexes]]
[[Category:Ferrocenes]]