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{{Infobox chess player
|playername = Adolf Anderssen
|image = and00278.png
|birthname = Karl Ernst Adolf Anderssen
|country = {{GER}}
|datebirth = {{birth date|1818|7|6}}
|placebirth = [[Breslau]], now Wrocław, [[Poland]]
|datedeath = {{death date and age|1879|3|13|1818|7|6}}
|placedeath =
|title =
|worldchampion =  1851–1858, 1860–1866, 1868–1871 (unofficial)

|womensworldchampion =
|rating =
|peakrating =
}}'''Karl Ernst Adolf Anderssen''' ([[Breslau]], 6 July 1818 – Breslau, 13 March 1879) was a [[Germany|German]] [[chess master]], and a teacher of mathematics. He was recognised as the [[List of World Chess Champions#World Champions pre-FIDE|best player in the world]] for much of the time between 1851 and 1870. He won three great international tournaments: the first in [[London]] 1851, then London 1862 and [[Baden-Baden]] 1870. Anderssen is considered unofficial first world champion. In 1858, he was beaten bywas somewhat less good in matches, and lost in 1858 to [[Paul Morphy]] and, narrowly lost, to [[Steinitz]] in 1866. He was also a chess problem composer.<ref>Hooper, David and Whyld, Kenneth 1992. ''The Oxford companion to chess'' 2nd ed, Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-280049-3}}.</ref><sup>p16</sup> ⏎
⏎
Adolf Anderssen was world champion from 1851 to 1858, from 1860 to 1865, from 1868 to 1871. He was on top of chess world for 23 years.
Adolf won all his matches against Zukertort, third unofficial world champion after Paul Morphy. Except for the 1865 and 1871 match,
Steinitz defeated Anderssen in 1866, but Anderssen was not the champ at the time.
Paulson drew Anderessen in 1860 match: 5 to 5, one draw.
In 1860 he drew 11 game match vs Harrwitz. In 1861 he won 9 game match vs Harrwitz. 
Kolisch did it in 1862 match: 3 to 3 with 2 draws.
Anderssen also drew Daniel Harrwitz in 1848 match: 5 to 5, this could
be considered the first world championship match since at least 10 serious games were played!
In 1864 he also drew Suhle, 3 to 3 with 
2 draws. He lost a match in 1865 to Zukertort, regained the title in 1868.
Since 1848 match was very competitive and Anderssen defeated everybody who
met him thus he was the best player of his time.

Anderssen became the most successful tournament player in Europe, winning over half the events he entered—including the [[Baden-Baden]] 1870 tournament, which is comparable to modern strong [[grandmaster (chess)|GM]] tournaments. His last success was at Leipzig in 1877 where he came second equal with Zukertort, behind Paulsen. He was then nearly 60.

He is still famous for his brilliant [[List of chess terms#Sacrifice|sacrificial]] attacking play, particularly in the 'Immortal Game' (1851) and the 'Evergreen Game' (1852). He was also one of the most likeable of chess masters and became an elder statesman of the game, to whom others turned for advice or arbitration.

== Games ==
*[http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1018961 Adolf Anderssen vs Jean Dufresne, Berlin 1852, Giuoco Piano: Evans Gambit (C52), 1-0] The "Evergreen Game" – a short game full of sacrifices and ending with a  checkmate
*[http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1019048 Adolf Anderssen vs Paul Morphy match, Paris 1858, English opening by transposition.] Anderssen beats Morphy in a long struggle.
*<small>Gottschall, Hermann von 1912 (reprint 2006). ''Adolf Anderssen, der Altmeister deutscher Schachspielkunst''. Elibron Classics. {{ISBN|0-543-77333-7}}.</small>
*<small>Bachmann, Ludwig 1914. ''Schachmeister Anderssen''. Anspach.</small>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Anderssen, Adolf}}
[[Category:1818 births]]
[[Category:1879 deaths]]
[[Category:German chess players]]
[[Category:German mathematicians]]
[[Category:People from former German territories]]
[[Category:People from Wrocław]]