Difference between revisions 6896325 and 6908238 on simplewiki

This is a '''list of''' noted '''scientists''' ordered by by nationality.

==Afghanistan==
*[[Ashraf Ghani]], President of Afghanistan (as of 2017); he is a scientist in the field of [[Anthropology]]
*[[Abdul Karim Mustaghni]], was Defense Minister of Afghanistan; died in 2004

==Albania==
*[[Ferid Murad]] - he has a [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]].

==Argentina==
{{main|List of biologists|List of ecologists}}
*[[Ernesto Sabato]] - he got the [[award]], [[Legion of Honour]]; his field was [[Physics]]; he died in 2011

==Armenia==
*[[Boris Babaian]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.xbitlabs.com/articles/cpu/display/elbrus-e2k.html|title=Elbrus E2K|publisher=}}</ref><ref>[http://www.intel.com/pressroom/kits/bios/bbabayan.htm Boris A. Babayan] Intel Fellow, Software and Solutions Group.  Director, Architecture</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.it-vip.ru/Person.asp?ID=455|title=Бабаян Борис Арташесович на IT-VIP|website=www.it-vip.ru}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ixbt.com/news/all/index.shtml?03/63/26|title=Babayan receives Intel Fellow title (in Russian)|publisher=}}</ref><ref>[http://www.computerhistory.org/atchm/the-elbrus-2-a-soviet-era-high-performance-computer/ The Elbrus-2: a Soviet-era high performance computer] – history of the Elbrus project with an 18-minute video interview from the [[Computer History Museum]] oral history collection</ref> - he got the [[award]]s (from the [[Soviet Union]]): the [[USSR State Prize]] for his achievements in 1974 in the field of [[computer-aided design]], and the [[Lenin Prize]] in 1987 for the Elbrus-2 supercomputer design. Since 1984, he has been a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (later - [[Russian Academy of Sciences]])

==Australia==
{{main|List of biologists|List of mathematicians}}
*[[Peter C. Doherty]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.famousscientists.org/25-famous-australian-scientists-contributions/|title=25 Famous Australian Scientists and their Contributions|publisher=}}</ref> - he got the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]; his fields of science are [[Medicine]] and [[veterinary science]].

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*[[Peter Gavin Hall]], one of only three researchers based outside of North America to win the [[COPSS presidents' Award]]; Mathematics, statistics; died in 2016

==Austria==
{{main|List of biologists}}
*[[Peter M. Gruber]], [[Fellow]] of the [[American Mathematical Society]], for "contributions to the geometry of numbers and to convex and discrete geometry";<ref name="auto">[http://www.ams.org/profession/ams-fellows/new-fellows 2014 Class of the Fellows of the AMS], [[American Mathematical Society]], retrieved 2013-11-04.</ref><ref name="auto1">{{cite web|url=https://www.tuwien.ac.at/aktuelles/news_detail/article/124820/|title=Peter M. Gruber – ein Nachruf|work=tuwien.ac.at|accessdate=14 March 2017}}</ref> [[Geometric number theory]],<ref name=zong>{{cite journal |work= The mathematical intelligencer |volume=31 |issue=3 |pages=25&ndash;31 |doi= 10.1007/s00283-009-9042-1 |title= Geometry of Numbers in Vienna |first= Chuanming |last=Zong }}</ref> and convex and discrete geometry;<ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto1"/> died in 2017

==Azerbaijan==
{{main|List of mathematicians}}

*[[Lotfi A. Zadeh]] - [[pioneer]] (or one of the earliest scientists) of [[fuzzy logic]]; computer scientist, electrical engineer, mathematician; d. in 2017

==Bangladesh==
*[[Muhammed Zafar Iqbal]] - he has a [[Bangladesh National Film Awards]] for Best Story; he is a scholar of engineering and [[computer science]].

==Belarusia==
*[[Lev Vygotsky]], credited for starting the [[concept]], [[zone of proximal development]], or ZPD, which is the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she cannot do;<ref name="ReferenceA">Zone of proximal development. (2009). In ''Penguin dictionary of psychology.'' Retrieved from Credo Reference database</ref><ref>Stanlaw, J. (2005). Vygotsky, lev semenovich (1896--1934). In ''Encyclopedia of anthropology.'' Retrieved from Credo Reference Database</ref> Psychology; died in 1934

==Belgium==
{{main|List of biologists}}

==Belize==
*[[Janet Gibson]] - she got the [[Goldman Environmental Prize]] in 1990;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newsroom.wcs.org/News-Releases/articleType/ArticleView/articleId/8476/WCS-Scientist-Honored-by-Queen-Elizabeth-II.aspx|title=WCS Scientist Honored by Queen Elizabeth II > Newsroom|website=newsroom.wcs.org}}</ref> she is a [[zoologist]] (and therefore also a [[biologist]]). 
*[[Andrea Gill]]<ref name=profile>{{cite web|title=Senator Andrea Gill|url=http://www.nationalassembly.gov.bz/index.php/senate-upperhouse/76-members-of-the-senate/142-senator-andrea-gill|publisher=National Assembly of Belize|accessdate=16 September 2015|location=Bemopan, Belize|date=16 October 2008}}</ref> - she is a former president of the Senate of Belize; [[biologist]]

==Bermuda==
*[[Louis L. Mowbray]] - he successfully bred the first Galapagos tortoises and Galapagos penguins in [[captivity]]; he was a [[naturalist]] and an [[ornithologist]]; death in 1952
*[[David B. Wingate]] (He got the [[award]]s, the [[Queen’s Honours]] (UK); and (UN's) [[Global 500 Roll of Honour|Global 500 Award]])<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bernews.com/bermuda-profiles/david-wingate/|title=Dr David Wingate Bio Bermuda|publisher=}}</ref>

==Bolivia==
*[[Roberto Iván Aguilar Gómez]].<ref name=Caracol>{{Cite news | title = Conozca a los 12 candidatos de La Paz | work = Caracol Radio | accessdate = 2011-06-03 | date = 2006-06-27 | url = http://www.caracol.com.co/nota.aspx?id=302709 }}</ref><ref name=BP>{{Cite news | title = Evo elige nuevos mandos en la Aduana y Ministerio de Educación | work = BolPress | accessdate = 2011-06-03 | date = 2008-11-07 | url = http://www.bolpress.com/art.php?Cod=2008110710 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-b/bolivia.html|title=CIA World Leaders|publisher=}}</ref>  - minister of the [[Ministry of Education (Bolivia)|Ministry of Education]]; [[economist]]

==Bosnia and Herzegovina==
*[[Alojz Benac]] - became a corresponding member of the [[Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts|Yugoslav/Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts]], [[Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts]], [[Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts]]; [[Archeology]]; died in 1992.

==Brazil==
{{main|List of biologists|List of mathematicians}}
* [[Fernando Henrique Cardoso]], sociologist and former President
* [[Adib Jatene]], was Minister of Health; heart [[surgeon]]; died in 2014
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* [[Warwick Estevam Kerr]], is a member of the [[Brazilian Academy of Sciences]], Foreign Associate of the [[United States National Academy of Sciences|National Academy of Sciences]] of the USA,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nas.nasonline.org/site/Dir/989495092?pg=rslts|title=National Academy of Sciences|website=nas.nasonline.org}}</ref> and of the [[Third World Academy of Sciences]]; member of the [[National Order of Scientific Merit (Brazil)|National Order of Scientific Merit]]; Genetics, Biology, [[Agronomy]], [[Entomology]]
* [[Fritz Müller]], known for Müllerian [[mimicry]]; [[Evolutionary biology]]; died in 1897

==Bulgaria==
*[[Lyubomir Ivanov]], got the [[award]], ''Acad. Nikola Obreshkov Prize'', the highest Bulgarian award in mathematics.;<ref>[[:File:Nikola-Obreshkov-Prize.png|The ''Academician Nikola Obreshkov Prize'' for 1987]]</ref> Linguistics, Mathematics

==Canada==
{{main|List of biologists}}

==Czechia==
{{main|List of biologists}}

==Chile==
{{main|List of biologists|List of mathematicians|List of physicists}}

==China==
{{main|List of Chinese mathematicians}}

<!-- Sort: S -->
*[[Shen Kuo]], was [[finance minister]]; [[Astronomy]]; died in 1095

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*[[Tong Dizhou]], the first to successfully [[Cloning|clone]] a fish;<ref>{{cite journal |author=Liao L, Li L, Zhao RC |title=Stem cell research in China |journal=Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. |volume=362 |issue=1482 |pages=1107–12 |date=June 2007  |pmid=17341453 |pmc=2435574 |doi=10.1098/rstb.2007.2037 }}</ref> [[Embryology]]; died in 1979

<!-- Sort: Tu -->
*[[Youyou Tu|Tu Youyou]], got the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]; scientist within [[Pharmacology]]

<!-- Sort: Wu -->
[[File:Chien-Shiung_Wu_(1912-1997)_in_1958.jpg|right|50px]]
<!-- Sort: Wu -->
*[[Chien-Shiung Wu]], known for the [[Wu experiment]] [[:en:Wu experiment|(en)]]; [[Nuclear physics]]; died in 1997

<!-- Sort: Xu -->
*[[Xu Guangxian]], was president of the Chinese Chemical Society; Chemistry; died in 2015
*[[Zhang Heng]], made the first [[seismometer]]; Astronomy, engineering, meteorology, geology, philosophy, and mathematics; died in 139 A.D.

==Croatia==
*[[Roger Joseph Boscovich]], maker of a precursor of [[atomic theory]]; made the first geometric [[procedure]] for finding out the [[equator]] of a rotating [[planet]] from three [[observation]]s of a surface feature and for computing the [[orbit]] of a planet from three observations of its position; discoverer of the absence of atmosphere on the [[Moon]];<ref>{{cite book|last=|first=|authorlink=|title=Энциклопедия для детей (астрономия)|publisher=Аванта+|date=1998|location=Москва|pages=|url=|doi=|id=|isbn=978-5-89501-016-7}}</ref> he was from [[Dubrovnik|a city in what later became Croatia]]; died in 1787

== Czechia==
{{main|List of biologists}}
*[[Petr Vopěnka]], he developed [[Alternative set theory]]; died in 2015

== Denmark==
{{main|List of biologists}}

==Egypt==
[[File:Ibrahim_Anouleish_20071120_1.jpg|right|50px]]
*[[Ibrahim Abouleish]], [[founder]] of [[SEKEM]] - an organization for [[biodynamic farming]] methods; got the [[Right Livelihood Award]]; [[Pharmacology]]; died in 2017
*[[Boutros Boutros-Ghali]], was [[United Nations Secretary-General]]; a leading figure in the peace process between Egypt and Israel; [[Law]]; died in 2016
*[[Mamdouh Eldamaty]], is a former [[Ministry of State of Antiquities|Minister of Antiquities]]; [[Egyptology]]
* [[Euclid of Alexandria]], known for [[Euclidean geometry]], [[Euclid's Elements|Euclid's ''Elements'']], [[Euclidean algorithm]]; died in the middle of [[3rd century BC]]

[[File:Ahmed_Zewail_HD2009_Othmer_Gold_Medal_portrait.JPG|right|50px]]
*[[Ahmed Zewail]], got [[Nobel Prize for Chemistry]]; [[Chemistry]]; 2016

== Estonia ==
<!-- B -->
*[[Karl Ernst von Baer]], [[Embryology]] (within Biology); died in 1876
*[[Madis Kõiv]] - he got the [[award]], the  Tuglas short story award; physicist, writer and philosopher; died in 2014

==Fiji==
*[[Mahendra Reddy]] - minister of [[Ministry for Education, National Heritage, Culture and Arts]]

==France==
{{main|List of biologists|List of physicists}}
{{see also|Category:French mathematicians}}
* [[Jacqueline Naze Tjøtta]], the first female mathematical sciences professor in [[Norway]];<ref name=ap>{{Cite news|url=http://www.aftenposten.no/personalia/Nekrolog-Jacqueline-Andre-Naze-Tjotta-617311b.html |title=Nekrolog: Jacqueline Andreè Naze Tjøtta |work=[[Aftenposten]] |first1=Jarle |last1=Berntsen |first2=Per |last2=Lunde |authorlink= |language=Norwegian|date=16 March 2017|accessdate=26 March 2017}}</ref> [[Applied mathematics]], she died in 2017
* [[Sophie Germain]]

==Finland==
{{main|List of ecologists}}

== Georgia ==
*[[Tamaz V. Gamkrelidze]]<ref>[http://www.science.org.ge/english.html Georgian Academy of Sciences (GAS)]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tsu.edu.ge/|title=ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტი|website=ივანე ჯავახიშვილის სახელობის თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტი}}</ref><ref>[http://www.acnet.ge/pl/gamkrelidze.htm Home Page of Tamaz Gamkrelidze] (2015-07-05 not accessible)</ref> - a former member of the Parliament of Georgia;  he is an [[assyriology|assyriologist]] (and therefore a [[linguist]])
*[[Jamshid Giunashvili]]<ref>[http://www.fereidani.ge/33_jemshid/33_jemshid.html ფერეიიდანი, ჯემშიდ გიუნაშვილი - მეგობრობის მაცნე] (in Georgian)</ref> - he was a [[linguist]] ([[Iranologist]]); died in 2017

==Germany==
{{main|List of biologists}}
{{see also|Category:German mathematicians}}
* [[Fritz Müller]], known for Müllerian [[mimicry]]; [[Evolutionary biology]]; died in 1897

==Great Britain==
{{main|List of biologists}}

===England===
* [[Charles Babbage]], credited with inventing the first [[mechanical computer]] (or [[analytical engine]]);<ref name="babb">{{cite web|url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/computing-history/|title=The Modern History of Computing (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)|last=Copeland|first=B. Jack|date=Dec 18, 2000|work=[[Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy]]|accessdate=1 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite book | author= Newman, M.H.A. | title=‘General Principles of the Design of All-Purpose Computing Machines’ | year=1948 | publisher=Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, series A, 195 | pages=271–274 }}</ref> died in 1871
* [[Alan Turing]], he was important in the development of [[theoretical computer science]],<ref name="frs">{{Cite journal
| last1 = Newman | first1 = M. H. A.
| authorlink = Max Newman
| doi = 10.1098/rsbm.1955.0019
| title = Alan Mathison Turing. 1912–1954
| journal = [[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]]
| volume = 1
| pages = 253–263
| year = 1955
| jstor = 769256
}}</ref><ref name=AFP>{{cite news| title =Alan Turing&nbsp;– Time 100 People of the Century |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,990624,00.html |work=Time |quote=Providing a blueprint for the electronic digital computer. The fact remains that everyone who taps at a keyboard, opening a spreadsheet or a word-processing program, is working on an incarnation of a Turing machine. |first=Paul |last=Gray |date=29 March 1999}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Sipser|2006|p=137}}</ref><ref>{{Harvnb|Beavers|2013|p=481}}</ref> and is known for the [[Turing machine]], which can be considered a model of a [[general purpose computer]]; died in 1954⏎
⏎
==Greece==
* [[Eratosthenes]]
* [[Euclid]]
* [[Pythagoras]]

==Guatemala==
*[[Ricardo Bressani]], one of the 42 founding members of the Third World Academy of Sciences, later known as [[The World Academy of Sciences]];<ref>{{cite web|title=TWAS's 42 Founding Members|url=http://twas.org/twass-42-founding-members|publisher=The World Academy of Sciences|accessdate=3 June 2016}}</ref> Biochemistry, Nutrition; died in  2015<ref>{{cite web|title=El país pierde a dos genios|language=Spanish|url=http://www.prensalibre.com/noticias/Ricardo_Bressani_0_1294670741.html|accessdate=31 January 2015}}</ref>

==Guyana==
*[[Opendra Narayan]]<ref name=JNP>{{cite journal |author=Shilpa Buch, Barry T. Rouse, Howard E. Gendelman, [[M. Christine Zink]] and [[Janice E. Clements]] |title=Opendra "Bill" Narayan (1936–2007): A Personal Tribute to a Friend, Teacher, and Colleague |journal=[[Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology]] |volume=3 |issue=1 |pages=1–4 |date=January 2008 |doi=10.1007/s11481-008-9101-y }}</ref> - he is known for engineering a type of HIV that could cause AIDS-like disease in monkeys;<ref name=JNP/> the [[veterinarian]] died in 2007

==Haiti==
*[[Jean-Baptiste Chavannes (agronomist)|Jean-Baptiste Chavannes]] - he got the [[Goldman Environmental Prize]] for his work on [[forest protection]]; he is an [[agronomist]].<ref name=goldman-jean-baptiste>{{cite web
 |url=http://www.goldmanprize.org/node/112 
 |title=Islands & Island Nations 2005 &ndash; Chavannes Jean-Baptiste &ndash; Haiti &ndash; Sustainable Development 
 |publisher=The Goldman Environmental Prize 
 |year=2005 
 |accessdate=2008-11-17 
 |url-status=dead 
 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080930164946/http://www.goldmanprize.org/node/112 
 |archivedate=2008-09-30 
}}</ref>

==Holland==
{{main|List of biologists}}

==Honduras==
*[[Julieta Castellanos]] - she has the [[award]], the  the [[International Women of Courage Award]] from the U.S. State Department.<ref>{{cite web|last=Demers|first=Peter|title=Security and Human Rights in Honduras: A Conversation with Julieta Castellanos|url=http://www.thedialogue.org/page.cfm?pageID=32&pubID=3253|publisher=Inter-American Dialogue|date=7 March 2013}}</ref>

==Hungary==
*[[János Bolyai]], one of the founders of [[non-Euclidean geometry]] — a geometry that differs from [[Euclidean geometry]] in its definition of [[parallel]] lines; Mathematics; died in 1860
*[[Paul Erdős]], published around 1,500 mathematical papers during his lifetime, a figure that remains unsurpassed;<ref>According to {{cite web |title=Facts about Erdös Numbers and the Collaboration Graph |url=http://oakland.edu/enp/trivia/}}, using the Mathematical Reviews data base, the next highest article count is roughly 823.</ref> died 1996

==Iceland==
<!-- G -->
*[[Gísli Guðjónsson]] - he is the [[creator]] of the [[Gudjonsson suggestibility scale]]

==India==
{{main|List of Indian scientists}}

==India==
*[[Satyendra Nath Bose]], known for [[Bose–Einstein condensate]] and [[Bose–Einstein statistics]]; Mathematics, Physics; died in 1974 
*[[Srinivasa Ramanujan]], known for [[Landau–Ramanujan constant]], [[Mock theta function]]s, [[Ramanujan conjecture]], [[Ramanujan prime]], [[Ramanujan–Soldner constant]], [[Ramanujan theta function]], [[Ramanujan's sum]], [[Rogers–Ramanujan identities]], [[Ramanujan's master theorem]]; [[Fellow of the Royal Society]]; Mathematics; died in 1920

==Indonesia==
*[[Bacharuddin Jusuf Habibie]] - a former president of Indonesia; scientist of [[aerospace engineering]]

==Italy==
{{main|List of biologists}}
* [[Gerolamo Cardano]], he invented - partially - the [[gimbal]] consisting of three [[concentric]] rings allowing a supported [[compass]] or [[gyroscope]] to rotate freely, and the [[driveshaft|Cardan shaft]];<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/?id=GNpEPgAACAAJ |title=Jerome Cardan: A Biographical Study |publisher= [[Dodo Press]] |isbn=9781409959595 |date=January 2009 }}</ref> died in 1576

==Iran==
{{main|List of Iranian scientists}}

==Japan==
* [[Masaaki Sugihara]] - former professor at the [[University of Tokyo]]
* [[Masao Iri]]
* [[Masatake Mori]]
*[[Motoo Kimura]], and [[Tomoko Ohta|one other]], [[introduction|introduced]] [or where the first to present] the [[neutral theory of molecular evolution]];<ref name=Kimura68>{{cite journal |last=Kimura |first=Motoo |year=1968 |title= Evolutionary rate at the molecular level |journal= Nature |volume=217 |pages=624–626 |url= http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/ridley/classictexts/kimura.pdf |doi= 10.1038/217624a0 |format= &ndash; <sup>[https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar?hl=en&lr=&q=author%3AKimura+intitle%3AEvolutionary+rate+at+the+molecular+level&as_publication=Nature&as_ylo=1968&as_yhi=1968&btnG=Search Scholar search]</sup> |pmid=5637732 |issue=5129|bibcode = 1968Natur.217..624K }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal 
| last1 = Nei | first1 = M. 
| title = Motoo Kimura (1924-1994) 
| journal = Molecular Biology and Evolution 
| volume = 12 
| issue = 5 
| pages = 719–722 
| year = 1995 
| pmid = 7476119
}}</ref> [[Population geneticis]], [[Evolutionary biology]]; died in 1994
* [[Ryogo Hirota]] - former professor at [[Waseda University]]

==Kazakhstan==
*[[Askar Dzhumadildayev]]<ref name="auto2">{{cite web|url=https://www.inform.kz/en/article/2226941|title=Zhautykov and World Math Olympiads bring together most talented students: academician A.Dzhumadildayev|first=|last=INFORM.KZ|website=www.inform.kz}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inform.kz:8080/eng/article/2286431|title=51st IMO: Three gold, two silver medals - proof of domestic educational system's success|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.kbtu.kz/en/math/professors|title=ErrorPage|website=www.kbtu.kz}}</ref> -  member of the [[Kazakhstan Academy of Sciences|Kazakhstan National Academy of Science]].<ref name="auto2"/> He is a former member of Supreme Council of Kazakh SSR and Republic of Kazakhstan; he is a mathematician and physicist.

==Kosovo==
*[[Idriz Ajeti]] (the first chief of [[Kosova Academy of Sciences and Arts]])<ref>{{cite web|url=https://serbiaworldnews.wordpress.com/2015/02/19/chronology-of-the-serbian-albanian-relationships-from-the-berlin-congress-to-the-march-pogrom-2004/|title=CHRONOLOGY OF THE SERBIAN – ALBANIAN RELATIONSHIPS FROM THE BERLIN CONGRESS TO THE MARCH POGROM 2004|first=Serbia world|last=news.rs|date=19 February 2015|publisher=}}</ref>

==Kyrgyzstan==
*[[Askar Akayev]] - he is a former president of Kyrgyzstan; he is a [[natural scientist]].

==Laos==
*[[Daosavanh Sanamxay]] - the [[discoverer]] of the [[Laotian giant flying squirrel]][[:en:Laotian giant flying squirrel|(en)]];<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.mongabay.com/2013/08/scientists-discover-new-flying-mammal-in-bushmeat-market/ |title=Scientists discover new flying mammal in bushmeat market |last=Kimbrough |first=Liz |publisher=[[Mongabay]] |date=2013-08-06 |accessdate=2016-08-12}}</ref>  biologist

==Latvia==
*[[Rūsiņš Mārtiņš Freivalds]], discovered [[Freivalds' algorithm]] for checking the [[correctness]] of [[matrix product]]s; [[Theoretical computer science]]; died in 2016

==Macedonia==
*[[Ratko Janev]], a member of the [[Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts]]; [[Atomic physics]]

==Morocco==
*[[Ibn Ghazi al-Miknasi]], wrote [[Meknes]]'s history and a commentary to the [[treatise]] of [[Ibn al-Banna]]; a work that explained the mentioned work, was named ["The desire of students for an explanation of the calculator's craving"] ''Bughyat al-tulab fi sharh munyat al-hussab'' (including, arithmetic and algebraic methods).<ref>E. Levi-Provencal, Chorfa, p. 231</ref> Mathematics, linguistics; died in 1513

==Nepal==
<!--  -->
*[[Kumud Dhital]] - he is one of the members of the team that first transplanted a heart donated after circulatory death (DCD), where the heart has stopped beating;<ref name=newslimited>{{cite news|last1=Patterson|first1=Robbie|title=World-first dead heart transplant at Sydney’s St Vincent’s Hospital a game changer|url=http://www.news.com.au/national/worldfirst-dead-heart-transplant-at-sydneys-st-vincents-hospital-a-game-changer/story-e6frfkp9-1227099798041|accessdate=29 October 2014|work=News.com.au|publisher=News Limited|date=24 October 2014}}</ref> he is a [[surgeon]].

==New Zealand==
*[[Nancy Adams]], got the awards,  [[Queen's Service Order]], and the [[New Zealand 1990 Commemoration Medal]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Haines|first=Catharine|title=International women in science: a biographical dictionary to 1950|year=2001|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=Santa Barbara, California|isbn=1-57607-090-5|pages=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HftdjMNDvwIC&lpg=PA2&ots=cfXuNgS2d-&dq=madge%20adam%20oxford&pg=PA2#v=onepage&q=madge%20adam%20oxford&f=false}}</ref> Botany; died in 2007
*[[Margaret Cruickshank]], the first registered woman [[wikt|doctor]] in [[New Zealand]]; died in 1918
*[[Fred Hollows]]; Medicine, surgery, ophthalmology; died in 1993
*[[Ernest Rutherford]] -  he got the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]]; [[nuclear physicist]], and [[chemist]]; he died in 1937
*[[Pat Suggate]], creator of the the "Suggate rank scheme", which is used internationally by oil exploration companies to measure the oil and gas potential of [[sedimentary]] rocks;<ref name="Te Ara">{{cite web |url=http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/7409/pat-suggate-coal-scientist |title=Coal and coal mining – the nature of coal |date=9 July 2013 |website=Te Ara: the Encyclopedia of New Zealand | last1=Sherwood | first1=Alan | last2=Phillips | first2=Jock | publisher=Ministry for Culture and Heritage |accessdate=19 June 2016}}</ref><ref name="Evening Post 2001">{{cite news | title=Age no barrier for geologist | date=3 December 2001 | work=Evening Post | page=16 | first=Bernie | last=Napp}}</ref> [[fellowship]] at [[Royal Society of New Zealand]]; died in 2016
*[[Maurice Wilkins]], got the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]]; his fields were Physics, Molecular biology; died in 2004

==North Korea==
<!-- R -->
*[[Ri Sung-gi]] (He is the [[inventor of]] Vinalon, and he got the [[Lenin Prize]])

==Norway==
*[[Niels Henrik Abel]], did the first complete proof demonstrating the impossibility of solving the [[general quintic equation]] [[:en:General quintic equation|(en)]] in [[radical]]s; died in 1829 <ref name=LastYears>{{cite web|url=http://www.abelprize.no/c53672/artikkel/vis.html?tid=53897|title=The Biography of Niels Henrik Abel: His last years|website=www.abelprize.no}}</ref>

==Romania==
*[[Ion Creangă]] - he wrote books, including [[Childhood Memories (book)|Childhood Memories]]; the education [[theorist]] died in 1889
*[[Solomon Marcus]], recognised<ref>Encyclopaedia Unversalis (French), vol. 9, 1971, p.
1057-1059, and vol. 13, 1989, p. 837.</ref><ref>Brokhaus  Encyclopedie (German),
XVIIth improved edition, vol. 12, MAI-MOS, Wiesbaden, 1971, p. 255-256.</ref><ref>Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd edition, vol. 15, Macmillan, New
York-London, 1977, p. 568-569.</ref> as an [[initiator]] of (, or one of the people that started) [[mathematical linguistics]], and [[mathematical poetics]]; also a [[semiotician]], he died in 2016

*[[George Emil Palade]] - he and two others got one  [[Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine]]; the [[cell biologist]] died in 2008.

<!-- DEFAULTSORT:Radulescu, Ion Heliade -->
*[[Ion Heliade Rădulescu]] - the first president of the [[Romanian Academy]]; the linguist died in 1802
*[[Codrin Țapu]] - known as a writer about [[Hypostatic model of personality|hypostatic approach]] to personality,<ref name=Eissa>{{in lang|de}} Eissa, Tina Louise (2011). [https://books.google.com/books?id=uslA2z0sf28C&hl=en ''Frage und erkenne (Ask and understand)''], LIT Verlag Münster, p. 118. {{ISBN|978-3-643-11266-8}}.</ref> and [[hypostatic abstraction]]" [[:en:Hypostatic abstraction|(en)]];<ref name="Short">Short, TL  (1997) Hypostatic abstraction in self-consciousness, in Foster, P (ed.) ''The Rule of Reason: The Philosophy of Charles Sanders Peirce''</ref> he is a [[psychologist]]

==Russia==
{{main|List of biologists}}
* [[Leonid Kantorovich]] - Russian mathematician
* [[Sofya Kovalevskaya]] - Russian mathematician

==Solomon Islands==
*[[Hikuna Judge]], collected the first known sample of the [[Vangunu giant rat]]; [[Tyrone Lavery]] and Judge gave the first [[species description]] (for the Vangunu giant rat)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/giant-tree-dwelling-coconut-eating-rat-species-discovered/|title=Giant Tree-Dwelling, Coconut-Eating Rat Species Discovered|first=Jason G.|last=Goldman|website=Scientific American}}</ref>

==South Africa==
{{main|List of biologists}}

==South Korea==
*[[Yanghee Choi]] - he is a former minister of [[Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning]];<ref>{{cite web|url=https://cse.snu.ac.kr/en/professor/yanghee-choi|title=Yanghee Choi - SNU Computer Science and Engineering|website=cse.snu.ac.kr}}</ref> he is a [[computer scientist]].

==Sweden==
{{main|List of biologists}}

==Switzerland==
{{main|List of biologists}}

* [[Leonhard Euler]], was the first to show the [[notion]] of (or idea about), a [[function (mathematics)|mathematical function]];<ref name="function">{{harvnb|Dunham|1999|p=17}}</ref> died in 1783

==Syria==
*[[Al-Battani]], known for showing several relations within [[trigonometry]]; he lived and worked in [[Ar-Raqqah|a city that now belongs to Syria]]; died in 929

==Thailand==
*[[Phraya Anuman Ratchathon]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mahidol.ac.th/thailand/literature.html|title=Mahidol University – Literature|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://board.postjung.com/m/514876.html|title=Ghosts of Thai folklore|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.google.com/|title=Google|website=www.google.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thaiworldview.com/bouddha/animism5.htm|title=Spirits|website=www.thaiworldview.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://i268.photobucket.com/albums/jj21/panyathai143/DSC01886_resize.jpg|title=Movie poster showing Thai ghosts Krahang and Krasue with Count Dracula|publisher=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cockatoo.com/thailand/e-01land/et-lan51.htm|title=cockatoo.com - Diese Website steht zum Verkauf! - Informationen zum Thema cockatoo.|website=www.cockatoo.com}}</ref><ref>Phya Anuman Rajadhon, ''Essays on Thai Folklore'', Editions Duang Kamol, {{ISBN|974-210-345-3}}</ref><ref>Phya Anuman Rajadhon, ''Chīwit Phra Sāraprasœt thī khāphačhao rūčhak'', Ko̜tho̜mo. (i.e. Krung Thēp Mahā Nakhon) : Munnithi Sathīanrakōsēt Nākhaprathīp, 2532 [1989]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wayofdesign.com/webzine/vol1-1/anuman.htm|title=East by Southeast – Phaya Anuman Rajadhon|publisher=}}</ref> - he was the first Thai scholar to conduct a serious study of Thai [[folkloristics]], taking notes on the nocturnal village spirits of [[Thai folklore]]; the [[anthropologist]] and [[ethnographer]] died in 1969

==Tunisia==
*[[Abbas Bahri]], introduced the method of the critical points at infinity, which is a fundamental step in the calculus of variations; Mathematics, [[Variational analysis]]; died in 2016

==Turkey==
{{main| List of Turkish scientists}}
*[[Feza Gürsey]], took part in the [[formulation]] of [[E6 (mathematics)|E(6)]] [[Grand unification theory|grand unified theories]];<ref>F. Gürsey, P. Ramond, P. Sikivie, ''A universal gauge theory model based on E6'', Physics Letters B, Volume 60, Issue 2, 5 January 1976, Pages 177-180.</ref> [[Mathematical physics]]; died in 1992

==Ukraine==
{{main|List of mathematicians}}
*[[Kostiantyn Sytnyk]] - he was a [[Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada]] (a [[parliament]]) of the [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic]];  [[Botany]]; he died in 2017

==United States==
{{main|List of biologists|List of ecologists}}
*[[Thomas Edison]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/thomas-edison|title=Thomas Edison|first=History com|last=Editors|website=HISTORY}}</ref> - he and his workers made "the first practical incandescent [[light bulb]]";<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.livescience.com/43424-who-invented-the-light-bulb.html|title=Who Invented the Light Bulb?|first1=Elizabeth|last1=Palermo|first2=Associate Editor ||last2=August 16|first3=2017 10:02pm|last3=ET|website=Live Science}}</ref> died in 1931
*[[Benjamin Franklin]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ushistory.org/franklin/science/index.htm|title=Benjamin Franklin's contributions to science|website=www.ushistory.org}}</ref> President of [[Pennsylvania]],  died in 1790

==Vietnam==
<!-- N -->
*[[Ngô Bảo Châu]] - best known for proving the [[Fundamental lemma (Langlands program)|fundamental lemma for automorphic forms]] [[:en:Fundamental lemma (Langlands program)|(en)]]. He is the first Vietnamese national to have received the [[Fields Medal]];<ref>[[New Scientist]] [https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn19337-mathematics-nobel-rewards-boundarybusting-work.html Mathematics 'Nobel' rewards boundary-busting work ] 19 August 2010 "Aside from Lindenstrauss, this year's winners were Ngô Bảo Châu of the University of Paris-South, France, Stanslav Smirnov of the University of Geneva, Switzerland, and Cédric Villani of the Henri Poincaré Institute, Paris, France."</ref><ref>The Australian Mathematical Society [https://www.austms.org.au/Publ/APMN/APMN_V1_N2_Electronic.pdf Asia Pacific Mathematics Newsletter April 2011 (pdf)] Interview "Vietnamese Mathematician Ngô Bἀo Châu - From A Mathematical Olympiad Medallist to A Fields Medallist" pp. 25–30</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://tuoitre.com.vn/Tianyon/Index.aspx?ArticleID=108794&ChannelID=13 |title=Hiện tượng Ngô Bảo Châu|publisher=''Tuổi trẻ Online''|author=Hàm Châu|date=2005-11-18|accessdate=2011-10-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://tuoitre.com.vn/Tianyon/Index.aspx?ArticleID=116027&ChannelID=17 |title=10 sự kiện khoa học&nbsp;— công nghệ nổi bật năm 2005|publisher=''Tuổi trẻ Online''|author=K.Hưng|date=2005-12-29|accessdate=2010-12-19}}</ref><ref>Hạ Anh & Hương Giang, [http://vietnamnet.vn/giaoduc/201008/GS-Griffiths-Trong-gioi-Toan-hoc-anh-Chau-van-la-nguoi-Viet-930131/ "GS Griffiths: 'Trong giới Toán học, anh Châu vẫn là người Việt'"], ''Vietnamnet''. Retrieved 2010-8-19.</ref> mathematician

==Related pages==
*[[List of scientists from Africa]]
:*[[List of Egyptian scientists]]
:*[[List of Kenyan scientists]]

*[[List of scientists from Asia]]
:*[[List of Chinese scientists]]
:*[[List of Indian scientists]]
:*[[List of Iranian scientists]]

*[[List of scientists from Europe]]
:*[[List of Turkish scientists]]

*[[List of scientists from South America]]
:*[[List of Brazilian scientists]]

*[[List of scientists from Oceania]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Lists of scientists| ]]
[[Category:Lists of scientists by nationality|*]]