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[[File:Galley.jpg|thumb| Galiota Of Catalan style (small galley)]]
The '''Catalan navy''' - with Catalan ships, Catalan admirals and Catalan crew (not counting the rabble) - under the direct or indirect orders of the counts of Barcelona, represented a reality recognized by the entire Mediterranean from its origins to Fernando the Catholic. In later times ships built and manned on the Catalan coasts, under the authority of non-Catalan kings, for example the kings of Naples, car(contracted; show full)s", making extensive use of them for wars with the different maritime republics (as enemies or as allies) or for trade with most [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] ports, guaranteeing trade routes with Catalan consulates. Its use began to decline from the seventeenth century, when they were progressively replaced by [[Sailboat|sailboats]], finally [[Sailboat|becoming]] extinct in the late [[18th century|eighteenth century]] . <ref name="Aubin17022">Nicolas (rev) Aubin. </ref> 


=== Captain Galley ===
The captain's galley was a large galley, accompanied by a subtle, or light, squad of galleys and rowing logs. They regulated subordination, rewards, punishments, dangers, and profits. The men in arms constituted the admiral's guard, in combat, they never had to leave helpless, until they lost their lives. Their ordinary armament was the already mentioned crossbowmen, except what the admiral ordered. They were appropriate people for boarding, and they fought on all occasions; his prize was a quarter of the loot, apart from what the admiral could promise. The most desired prey was the cape's armor and all that the enemies wore at the time of the boarding, since once this was accomplished, they prescribed their rights. All the armed people were directly commanded by the so-called constable.

=== Combat ===
On board the Catalan galleys, the battles with other galleys were resolved only on boarding, in which the crews faced each other and, from the [[16th century|16th century onwards]], with arcabus fire . Sometimes the rowers also joined the fight.

Compared to the medium-sized galleons, which had twelve to twenty guns of greater caliber and range, the galleys had a fragile structure that was not very resistant to enemy fire, with a maximum of five [[Cannon|guns]] at the [[Bow (ship)|bow]] . In combat the low structure of the galleys was overwhelmed by the high edges of the galleons, while their crew fired from the higher decks..

=== The crossbowmen "in table" ===
Crossbowmen were the most important offensive forces aboard a traditional galley. And they coexisted for many years with the arcabusseros and artillerymen. Ramon Muntaner was a supporter of professional crossbowmen, only recruited to act as crossbowmen (crossbowmen hired on the table to be agreed; hence the name “on board”). <ref name="Muntaner1844">Ramón Muntaner.</ref> <ref name="Martín1993">Ángel San Martín.</ref> 

It was mandatory that every sailor with crossbowman duties in the galleys, had to have two crossbows with two feet and another one with a strap (that had a strap to arm it), three hundred pins, a steel helmet, a stitching (it could be the union of weight and point: heavy-point) or breastplate and sword or saber. The same armament had to be carried by crossbowmen ex officio in smaller ships. 

* The galleys were the same. Normal galleys only carried two rowers per bank: a dovecote and a postic. The galleys with third parties went with a third rower in each bank: the thirdol. They were faster but the number of professional crossbowmen was smaller. 
* Some foreign scholars have wanted to translate (without justification or success) the "table" by a type of castle or protection reinforcement that only the Catalan galleys wore. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.worldencompassed.com/articles/13thcentCatalanNavy.pdf|title=Ships of the 13th-century Catalan Navy.|publisher=}}</ref> <ref name="Stanton2015">Charles D Stanton.</ref> <ref name="CapmanyTratados">{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TMJjaXyQ9ZwC&pg=RA1-PA108|title=Antiguos tratados de paces y alianzas entre algunos reyes de Aragón y diferentes principes infieles de Asia y Africa desde el siglo XIII hasta el XV: copiados con orden de S.M. de los originales registros del ... Archivo de la Corona de Aragón|date=10 de febrero de 1786|publisher=Imprenta Real}}</ref> <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ibdigital.uib.es/greenstone/collect/bsalArticles/archives/BSAL_198/0v37p485.dir/BSAL_1980v37p485.pdf|title=APORTACIÓN MALLORQUÍNA A LA ARMADA SANTA. 1398-1399|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170812062151/http://ibdigital.uib.es/greenstone/collect/bsalArticles/archives/BSAL_198/0v37p485.dir/BSAL_1980v37p485.pdf|archive-date=12 de agosto de 2017|access-date=2 de septiembre de 2017}}</ref> 
{{Wide image|Tavola Strozzi - Napoli.jpg|1000px|'' Tavola Strozzi ''. Flota de [[Galceran de Requesens y Joan de Soler]] volviendo a Nápoles después de su victoria en Ischia}}

== Catalan tartanes ==
[[File:Tartana-Cardona_1066.JPG|thumb| Tartane de Nicolás de Cardona fishing pearls ]]
[[File:Tartanas-Veitia-y-Linaje.JPG|right|thumb| Definition of tartane: Veitia and Lineage 1670. <ref name="Linage16723">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nWZTAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA169|title=Norte de la contratación de las Indias occidentales. - Sevilla, Blas 1672|last=José Veitia Linaje|publisher=Blas|year=1672|pages=1–}}</ref> ]]
{{Main|Galera catalana}} Tartane in Spanish and in most European languages (although in some it changes to ''tartane'' or ''tartan'' ) is a small [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] Latin sail [[Sailboat|boat]] (or [[Fore-and-aft rig|bow-stern rig]] ) used between the 16th and 19th centuries. <ref name="Linage16722">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nWZTAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA169|title=Norte de la contratación de las Indias occidentales. - Sevilla, Blas 1672|last=José Veitia Linaje|publisher=Blas|year=1672|pages=1–}}</ref> The different tartanes were used as couriers, for cabotage, as [[fishing]] boats, and as military [[Warship|ships]] . {{Sfn|МЭС|1994}} {{Sfn|Марквардт|1991}} {{Sfn|ИОС|1994}} In their more than three hundred years of history, they had different designs, different numbers of sticks and even varied sailing gear. 

Low on board, the tartanes measured between 16 and 20 m, with a mast perpendicular to the keel planted in the middle, in which a [[Lateen|Latin]] sail (master sail) and a jib called the ''Polacia'' were hoisted.  There are many cases of mizzen candle tartanes and other cases without mizzen candle. 

José Veitia Linaje (1670) refers to the tartanes as " ''levantisco tide'' ",   being used in navigation to the Indies. In the work “Norte de la Contratación” (Seville, 1672), he points out that: « ''Tartanes ... of Latin sails, lifting of levantisks ... but it is necessary to allow them 3 or 4 sailors from foreigners (" levantisks ") for the sails, because the Spaniards do not understand that marking "...»'' (referring to the maneuver of the Latin sails). Mr. Veitia was "Official Judge of the Royal Audience of the Casa de Contratación de las Indias." <ref name="Linage16722">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nWZTAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA169|title=Norte de la contratación de las Indias occidentales. - Sevilla, Blas 1672|last=José Veitia Linaje|publisher=Blas|year=1672|pages=1–}}</ref> <ref name="Vicente(Madrid)17902">José Manuel Domínguez Vicente;&#x20;Real Compañía de Impresores y Libreros del Reino (Madrid) [https://books.google.es/books?id=KAE6ut4TVucC&pg=PA68&lpg=PA68&dq=tartanas+son+unas+embarcaciones+de+porte+de+barcos+otorgados ''Ilustración y continuación a la Curia filípica: trátase del comercio maritimo y tócanse muchas qüestiones del derecho publico... : Tomo tercero''].&#x20; en la imprenta de don Gerónimo Ortega e hijos de Ibarra,&#x20;1790,&#x20;p.&nbsp;68–.</ref> Reinforcing this fact, the "Bulletin de la Société de géographie" explains that ''"a 14-year-old boy practical of a Catalan tartane, at that age had already made the trip to Havana three times"'' . <ref name="(France)18372">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2xY7AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA334|title=Bulletin de la Société de géographie|last=Société de géographie (France)|publisher=Delagrave|year=1837|pages=334–}}</ref> 

José Veitia Linaje (1670) refers to the tartanes as " ''levantisco tide'' ",   being used in navigation to the Indies. In the work “Norte de la Contratación” (Seville, 1672), he points out that: « ''Tartanes ... of Latin sails, lifting of levantisks ... but it is necessary to allow them 3 or 4 sailors from foreigners (" levantisks ") for the sails, because the Spaniards do not understand that marking "...»'' (referring to the maneuver of the Latin sails). Mr. Veitia was "Official Judge of the Royal Audience of the Casa de Contratación de las Indias." <ref name="Linage1672">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=nWZTAAAAcAAJ&pg=RA1-PA169|title=Norte de la contratación de las Indias occidentales. - Sevilla, Blas 1672|last=José Veitia Linaje|publisher=Blas|year=1672|pages=1–}}</ref> <ref name="Vicente(Madrid)1790">José Manuel Domínguez Vicente;&#x20;Real Compañía de Impresores y Libreros del Reino (Madrid) [https://books.google.es/books?id=KAE6ut4TVucC&pg=PA68&lpg=PA68&dq=tartanas+son+unas+embarcaciones+de+porte+de+barcos+otorgados ''Ilustración y continuación a la Curia filípica: trátase del comercio maritimo y tócanse muchas qüestiones del derecho publico... : Tomo tercero''].&#x20; en la imprenta de don Gerónimo Ortega e hijos de Ibarra,&#x20;1790,&#x20;p.&nbsp;68–.</ref> Reinforcing this fact, the "Bulletin de la Société de géographie" explains that ''"a 14-year-old boy practical of a Catalan tartane, at that age had already made the trip to Havana three times"'' . <ref name="(France)1837">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2xY7AQAAIAAJ&pg=PA334|title=Bulletin de la Société de géographie|last=Société de géographie (France)|publisher=Delagrave|year=1837|pages=334–}}</ref> 

== Origin ==
[[File:Tartane.gif|right|thumb| Engraving of a tartane ]]
There is a reference to tartane as a boat in 1313 in [[Catalonia]], in which the king of Roussillon and Mallorca commanded: ''"do not wish to fish in the sea for the lord king ab tartans"'' . <ref>Bernard Alart, Inventario de la Lengua catalana (Documentos del Rosellón)</ref> 

Tartanes were present in the Western Mediterranean from the Middle Ages until the advent of the steam bous, <ref name="pietrocristini">[http://www.pietrocristini.com/tartana_chioggiotta_storia.htm LA TARTANA CHIOGGIOTTA, Mario Marzari]</ref> especially in [[Occitania]] where these boats were traditional along the Languedoc, [[Catalonia]] and [[Provence]] coasts <ref name="BellabarbaGuerreri2002">{{Cite book|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=ylA0rrh4xGUC&pg=PA225|title=Vele italiane della costa occidentale|last=Sergio Bellabarba, Edoardo Guerreri|publisher=HOEPLI EDITORE|year=2002|isbn=978-88-203-3081-1|pages=225–}}</ref> <ref>Tipología de los aparejos latinos en Pierre Blasi</ref> for [[fishing]] and cabotage throughout the [[Mediterranean Sea|Mediterranean]] . By extension the same name was also given to fishing nets. {{Sfn|МЭС|1994}} 

Towards the [[16th century]] there is news of a single deck tartane with three small sticks in [[Provence]] ( [[France]] ). <ref name="Brockhaus">[https://translate.google.es/translate?hl=es&sl=ru&tl=ca&u=https%3A%2F%2Fru.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2F%D0%AD%D0%A1%D0%91%D0%95%2F%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B Tartanes]&#x20;&#x2F;&#x2F;&#x20;[[Diccionario Enciclopédico Brockhaus y Efron]]: в 86 т. (82 т. и 4 доп.).&nbsp;— СПб., 1890—1907.</ref> Regarding its military use, one of the first mentions of the tartane in the [[17th century]] is found in the [[1614]] book, Pantero-Pantera "el Armata Navale", where there is an explanation of the maneuvers of the tartanes of the navy French. {{Sfn|ТМ|1970.11}} . 

== Etymology ==
On the origin of the name, there are several sources that refer to the Occitan ''tartane'' (bird of prey), {{Sfn|Михельсон|1.865}} being [[Catalan language|in Catalan]] ''tartane'', {{Lang-it|tartana}}    and {{Lang-fr|tartane}}    . 

According to studies on the basis of linguistic and literary analysis, the origin of the tartanes would be the coasts of the Gulf of León (Roussillon in 1313) where they were initially of smaller dimensions. The word is present in several languages, there are even authors who claim that it comes from the Arabic ''"taridah"'' which means ship. <ref name="Patrimoine maritime fluvial">[http://www.patrimoine-maritime-fluvial.org/spip.php?page=article-labels-detail&id_donnee=84 Patrimoine maritime et fluvial - Label BIP] {{Wayback|1=http://www.patrimoine-maritime-fluvial.org/spip.php?page=article-labels-detail&id_donnee=84}}.</ref> 

But it is accepted by Corominas and others who defend that its etymology is Occitan by loan of the meaning, since the same ''Tartan'' word also designates the [[common buzzard]] or other birds of prey, and its origin would be onomatopoeic by imitating the cry of the bird when hunting. <ref name="CorominesPascual2001">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.es/books?id=0j8jAQAAIAAJ&q=corominas+tartana+que+es+el+sentido+propio+del+vocablo,+probablemente+de+origen+onomatopéyico,+por+la+voz+de+esta+ave|title=RI-X|last=Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual|publisher=Gredos|isbn=978-84-249-0879-9|access-date=20 de septiembre de 2001}}</ref> <ref>Etimología dentro del [http://ec.grec.net /lexicx.jsp?GECART=0131473]</ref> <ref name="pietrocristini">[http://www.pietrocristini.com/tartana_chioggiotta_storia.htm LA TARTANA CHIOGGIOTTA, Mario Marzari]</ref> 

== Images of tartanes  ==
Jean Jouve in the album "Plans of all ships sailing the Mediterranean Sea" (in French, ''"Dessins de tous les Bâtiments qui Naviguent sur la Méditerranée'' ") from 1679, shows these four images of single-mast tartanes: {{Sfn|Jouve|1679}} <center><gallery perrow="4" widths="225px" heights="150px">
File:Jean Jouve, pl.18, Tartane 4.jpg|
File:Jean Jouve, pl.16, Tartane 1.jpg|
File:Jean Jouve, pl.17, Tartane 3.jpg|
File:Jean Jouve, pl.15, Tartane 1.jpg|
</gallery></center><center><gallery perrow="2" widths="225px" heights="150px">
File:Jean Jouve, pl.19, Tartane 5.jpg|
File:Jean Jouve, pl.20, Tartane 6.jpg|
</gallery></center>

== Bilge pump on catalan ships ==
[[File:Bomba_hidráulica_romana_(M.A.N._Inv.1936-39-1)_01.jpg|thumb| Roman [[bronze]] pump (3rd century, Huelva) ]]
In the high middle ages there does not seem to be any reference of any kind. 

In pre-modern times if there is any: 

* In 1460, Miquel de Gualbes, from Barcelona, commissioned the master of Azuela de Mataró, Luis Pou, among other things: ".. two beautiful round shafts for two horns, which are beautiful, from lonch and grux, to the sanity of the master finger . ''. "'' . <ref name="[[Hispania. Revista Española de Historia]]">José Mª Madurell i Marimón.</ref> The "two shafts" characterize the suction-impeller type pump. 
* In an inventory of the shipyards of Barcelona in 1467 you can read: "a sgotar horn". <ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.cat/books?id=fwsB4kcWvWQC&pg=PA143&dq=un+trompa+de+sgotar&hl=ca#v=onepage&q=un%20trompa%20de%20sgotar&f=false|title=Aguiló: Volum 8. Lletres T a Z|publisher=Institut d'Estudis Catalans|pages=143–|id=GGKEY:BRJ7TQUTRGL}}</ref> 
* Some verses from the poem Luigi Pulci "Il morgante maggiore" 1487 speak of how: "la tromba aggottava". <ref name="Pulci1806">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.cat/books?id=Od8IAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA204&dq=Luigi+Pulci+%22Il+Morgante+Maggiore%22+tromba+aggottava&hl=ca#v=onepage&q=Luigi%20Pulci%20%22Il%20Morgante%20Maggiore%22%20tromba%20aggottava&f=false|title=Il Morgante maggiore &#91;ed. by P.I. Pedagucci&#93;.|last=Luigi Pulci|publisher=Dalla Societa Tipografica de Classici Italiani|year=1806|pages=204–}}</ref> 
* In 1460, [[Gerolamo Cardano|Girolamo Cardano]] describes one. <ref name="Cardano1556">Girolamo Cardano.</ref> 

== Barcelona bombards warehouse ==
According to the Chronicle of San Juan de la Peña (in 1359), in the middle of the [[14th century|fourteenth century]] the Catalan galleys (those of the other nations took a little longer), began to be armed with bombers on board, the fact was so important and secret that the committees took them out of a warehouse in Barcelona, forced to sign a document in which they said that they would not transfer them to any foreign nation under pain of death if they did so: "..the artillery that they took out as rented in the large warehouse bombardment, in the so-called General's Warehouse in Barcelona. . <ref name="Històrico-Arqueològica2016">Secció Històrico-Arqueològica. [https://books.google.es/books?id=-HkWDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA354&dq=Ferran+soldevila+les+quatre+croniques++bombarda&hl=ca&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwixxcSl4tLVAhVPrRQKHenIAekQ6AEIJjAA#v=onepage&q=Ferran soldevila les quatre croniques bombarda&f=false ''Les Quatre grans Cròniques Volum: 4 : Crònica de Pere III el Cerimoniós: Ferran Soldevila ; revisió filològica de Jordi Bruguera ; revisió històrica de M. Teresa Ferrer i Mallol ; &#x5B;l'edició d'aquesta obra ha estat a cura de Josep Massot i Muntaner&#x5D;''].</ref> " <ref name="Sanz1887">José Arántegui y Sanz.</ref> They generally carried a central bay bombardment plus a few smaller [[Calibre|caliber]] pieces to port and starboard. The power of these bombards, especially the side ones, was limited because the recoil from the shots shook the ship. 

== Shipyards of Barcelona ==
[[File:MuseuMaritimBCN_160313_03.jpg|thumb| New interior view of the wall, mausoleum and side nave (2013) ]]
The shipyards of Barcelona, where all kinds of ships were built until the end of the [[17th century]], can be considered a great production complex from the Medieval Period and the Modern age, a true great modern factory: where hundreds of men worked, with their various activities, supported by the corresponding guilds, from their neighborhood inside the wall. The galleys were built "in series", anticipating the shapes of the modern assembly line. The productive capacity of Barcelona was impressive for the time: in 1571, in the imminence of the Battle of Lepanto, fifty ships were launched ready to go to [[Italy]] and [[Greece]] . 

In the battle of Lepanto, the [[Catalonia|Catalans]] (among others) experienced with great results the ''galleys'' made in Barcelona. They were larger and more stable galleys that could load batteries of large-caliber guns and fire in all directions; instead, it was impossible to maneuver the galleys with the oars, so they had to be towed by two smaller galleys.{{Wide image|Tavola Strozzi - Napoli.jpg|1000px|'' Tavola Strozzi ''. Flota de [[Galceran de Requesens y Joan de Soler]] volviendo a Nápoles después de su victoria en Ischia}} 

== Dead-reckoning in the Catalan Navy ==
[[File:Marine_sandglass_wm.jpg|thumb| '''Reversible''' bulb with a "hanging" support with four columns ]]
(contracted; show full)

* In French galleys no reference could be found until the French manuscript Stolonomie from the years 1547-1550, where it says that each galley must carry: ". . . Quatres ampoulletes à sablon pour mestré les gardes à heures. . . " . A phrase very similar to the Catalan Eiximenis. 


== Canpaigns ==
[[File:El_Camino_Español.PNG|thumb|493x493px| The "Spanish Way ", with its main and secondary variants, went from Barcelona and Naples to Brussels, via Genoa-Milan. ]]
The most famous campaigns where these ships fought, In both took part several hundred galleys were_ 

* The Lepanto campaign, [[1571]] 
* The [[Spanish Armada|Invincible Army campaign in]] [[1588]] . Despite the fact that the history books do not recognize Catalan participation, the secret Venice-England archives released to the public say the opposite: 

Other important campaigns: 

* Mediterranean campaign of Alfonso the Magnanimous 1420-1423 All the troops of Alfonso the Magnanimous) embarked the galleys in Barcelona. . 

* Granada campaign with the siege of Malaga, in 1492, - "the royal was left without gunpowder and the king sent two galleys to Valencia and Barcelona for it" (Cura de los palacios) 
* Wars of Italy- All the troops of Ferdinand the Catholic (as well as those of his uncle Alfonso the Magnanimous) embarked the galleys in Barcelona. . 
* Tunis Campaign in [[1535]] All the troops (as well as [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Carlos V]] and his cohort ) embarked on the galleys in Barcelona. . 

In the following wars the Spanish thirds (as well as [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Carlos V]] and his cohort ) went in Catalan galleys from Barcelona to Genoa and the Italian thirds from Naples to [[Genoa]], there they took the Spanish way to their destination 

* Smalkald's War 1546-1547 
* [[Eighty Years' War|Flanders War]] 1548-1568 

=== Battle timeline ===
[[File:Tavola_strozzi_(flotta_aragonese_al_ritorno_della_battaglia_di_ischia_il_12_luglio_1465),_1465-1500_ca.,_11982,_02.JPG|thumb|220x220px| Detail of the Tavola Strozzi. Boats returning to Naples after the Battle of Ischia (1465). <ref name="Bentley1995">Jerry H. Bentley.</ref> <ref name="Brancaleone2010">Andrea Brancaleone.</ref> <ref name="Herrera1624">Antonio de Herrera.</ref> <ref name="Ferrer1853">Fernando Patxot y Ferrer.</ref> ]]
<div style="column-count: 2;">
* Nicothen Combat 1282 
* Combat of Malta 1283 
* Naples Golf Battle 1284 
* Naval battle of Sant Feliu de Guíxols 1285 
* Formigues Naval Battle 1285 
* Battle of the Counts 1287 
* Battle of Cape Orlando 1299 
* Battle of Gagliano 1300 
* Naval Battle of Cagliari 1324 
* Bosporus Naval Battle 1352 
* Zonklon Naval Battle 1352 
* Naval battle of Puerto del Conde 1353 
* Barcelona naval battle (1359) 
* Bône Naval Battle 1360 
* Siege of Boniface 1420 
* Battle of Foç Pisana 1421 
* Looting of Marseille 1423 
* Calvi Siege 1429 
* Ponza Naval Battle (1435) 
* Battle of Ischia 1465 (plot of the Barons) 
* Siege of Kefalonia 1500 
* Day of Meros el-Kebir 1506 
* Conquest of Oran 1509 
* Siege of Bejaïa (1514) 
* Battle of Formentera (1529) 
* Tunis Day 1535 
* Battle of Préveza 1538 
* Battle of Girolata 1540 
* Battle of the Alboran Island 1540 
* Algiers Day 1541 
* Siege of Nice (1543) 
* Battle of Gerba (1560) 
* Siege of Malta (1565) 
* Battle of Terceira Island 1582 
* Battle of Lepanto <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aOJWAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA591|title=Las calles de Barcelona: origen de sus nombres, sus recuerdos, sus tradiciones y leyendas, biografías de los personajes ilustres que han dado nombre a algunas; historia de los sucesos y hechos célebres ocurridos en ellas y de los edificios más notables, así públicos como particulares, que existen en cada una, con la reseña ynoticia de todo lo más importante relativo a la capital del Principado. Ed. de gran lujo adornada con preciosas láminas|date=10 de febrero de 1865|publisher=S. Manero}}</ref> <ref name="Pascual2007">Ernesto Zaragoza Pascual.</ref> <ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=cwYHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA596 ''Diccionario geográfico universal, por una sociedad de literatos, S.B.M.F.C.L.D.''], 1833, p.&nbsp;596–.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cwYHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA596|title=Diccionario geográfico universal, por una sociedad de literatos, S.B.M.F.C.L.D.|year=1833|pages=596–}}</ref> 
</div>

=== Pisano-Catalan Crusade ===⏎
The '''Pisano-Catalan Crusade''' to the [[Balearic Islands]], which at the time was a Muslim taifa, consisted of an expedition in retaliation for the acts of piracy committed by the Muslims who inhabited it, carried out by Ramón Berenguer III and his allies, in 1114. Founded in a treaty of [[1113]] between the Republic of Pisa and the Count of Barcelona, it had the objective of taking the island from the Muslims and preventing the attack and obstruction of the [[Convoy|convoys](contracted; show full)
* [http://books.google.cat/books?id=9FL1gDllhg0C&pg=PA266&dq=inventari+rei++cavall&hl=ca&ei=vj6OTMSOKIPBswaoo_j3AQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=10&ved=0CFYQ6AEwCTge Rubió and Lluch; Diplomatari del Oriente Catala; p.267 Inventory of a galley] 

{{traducido ref|ca|Marina de guerra catalana}}⏎
⏎
<br />

[[Category:Navies]]
[[Category:Pages with unreviewed translations]]