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{{short description|Scientific projections regarding the far future}}
{{About|the far future as postulated by science| mathematically calculated astronomical and celendric predictions |List of future astronomical events|the far future in fiction|Far future in fiction|the far future in religion|Far future in religion|earlier future times|Timelines of the future}}
{{Distinguish|Timelapse of the Future}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}
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! scope="col" | [[File:Key.svg|12px]]
! scope="col" | Years from now
! scope="col" | Event
|-
| [[File:Aiga toiletsq men.svg|16px|alt=technology and culture|Technology and culture]]
| 10,000
| 
Most probable estimated lifespan ofThis could be the longest technological civilization could last, according to [[Frank Drake]]'s original formulation of the [[Drake equation]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Smith|first1=Cameron|last2=Davies|first2=Evan T.|title=Emigrating Beyond Earth: Human Adaptation and Space Colonization|date=2012|publisher=Springer|page=258}}{{ISBN missing}}</ref>
|-
| style="background: #CEFF00;" | [[File:Butterfly icon (Noun Project).svg|16px|alt=Biology|Biology]]
| 10,000
(contracted; show full)
|-
| [[File:Aiga toiletsq men.svg|16px|alt=technology and culture|technology and culture]]
| 20,000
|According to the [[glottochronology]] linguistic model of [[Morris Swadesh]], future languages should retain just 1 out of 100 "core vocabulary" words on their [[Swadesh list]] compared to that of their current 
progenitorancestor languages.<ref>{{cite book|last=Greenberg|first=Joseph|title=Language in the Americas|date=1987|publisher=Stanford University Press|pages=341–342}}{{ISBN missing}}</ref>
|-
| style="background: #f0dc82;" | [[File:Noun project 528.svg|16px|alt=Geology and planetary science|Geology and planetary science]]
| 100,000+
| Time required to [[terraforming of Mars|terraform Marsmake Mars into a place where people can live]] with an [[oxygen]]-rich breathable atmosphere, using only plants with solar efficiency comparable to the biosphere currently foundose living on Earth.<ref>{{cite journal|last=McKay|first=Christopher P.|author2=Toon, Owen B. |author3=Kasting, James F. |title=Making Mars habitable|journal=Nature|date=8 August 1991|volume=352|issue=6335|pages=489–496|doi=10.1038/352489a0|pmid=11538095|bibcode = 1991Natur.352..489M |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1233115}}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Aiga toiletsq men.svg|16px|alt=Technology and culture|Technology and culture]]
|1 million
| Estimated shortest time by which humanity could colonize our Milky Way galaxy and become capable of [[Kardashev scale|harnessing all the energy of the galaxy]], assuming a velocity of 10% the [[speed of light]].<ref name="typeiii"/>
|-
| style="background: #CEFF00;" | [[File:Butterfly icon (Noun Project).svg|16px|alt=Biology|Biology]]
| 2 million
| Vertebrate species separated for this long will generally undergo [[allopatric speciation]].<ref>{{cite journal|last=Avise |first=John |authorlink=John Avise |author2=D. Walker |author3=G. C. Johns |title=Speciation durations and Pleistocene effects on vertebrate phylogeography|journal=Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B|date=22 September 1998|volume=265|issue=1407|pages=1707–1712|doi=10.1098/rspb.1998.0492 |pmid=9787467 |pmc=1689361}}</ref> Evolutionary biologist [[James W. Valentine]] predicted that if humanity has been dispersed among genetically isolated [[space colonization|space colonies]]travels to different places in [[space colonization|space]] and then those groups of people stop meeting each other, over this time, the galaxy will host anundergo [[evolutionary radiation]] of multiple human speciesand become different species with modern humans as their ancestor, with a "diversity of form and adaptation that would astound us"."<ref>{{cite book|last=Valentine|first=James W.|authorlink=James W. Valentine|editor1-last=Finney|editor1-first=Ben R.|editor1-link=Ben Finney|editor2-last=Jones|editor2-first=Eric M.|title=Interstellar Migration and the Human Experience|date=1985|publisher=University of California Press|chapter=The Origins of Evolutionary Novelty And Galactic Colonization|page=274}}{{ISBN missing}}</ref> This would be a natural process of isolated populations, unrelated to potential deliberateso it would happen even if people invent [[Gene therapy|genetic enhancement]] technologiesy.
|-
| style="background: #e0ffff;" | [[File:Pi-symbol.svg|16px|alt=Mathematics|Mathematics]]
| 7.8 million
|Humanity has a 95% probability of being extinct by this date, according to [[J. Richard Gott]]'s formulation of the controversial [[Doomsday argument]].<ref>{{Cite journal
 | author = J. Richard Gott, III
 | title = Implications of the Copernican principle for our future prospects
 | journal = [[Nature (journal)|Nature]]
 | volume = 363
 | pages = 315–319
 | year = 1993
 | doi = 10.1038/363315a0
 | issue = 6427
|bibcode = 1993Natur.363..315G }}</ref>
|-
| [[File:Aiga toiletsq men.svg|16px|alt=technology and culture|Technology and culture]]
| 100 million
| Maximal estimated lifespan ofThis is the longest technological civilization could last, according to [[Frank Drake]]'s original formulation of the [[Drake equation]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bignami|first1=Giovanni F.|last2=Sommariva|first2=Andrea|title=A Scenario for Interstellar Exploration and Its Financing|url=https://archive.org/details/scenarioforinter00bign|url-access=limited|date=2013|publisher=Springer|page=[https://archive.org/details/scenarioforinter00bign/page/n29 23]|bibcode=2013sief.book.....B}}{{ISBN missing}}</ref>
|-
| style="background: lavender;" | [[File:Five Pointed Star Solid.svg|16px|alt=Astronomy and astrophysics|Astronomy and astrophysics]]
| 1 billion
| Estimated time for an [[Astronomical engineering|astroengineering]] project tohat could alter the [[Earth's orbit]], compensating for the Sun's rising brightness and outward migration of the [[Circumstellar habitable zone|habitable zone]], accomplished by repeated asteroid [[gravity assist]]sso that the Earth's climate would stay the same even though the Sun will become brighter.  People could do this by using asteroids with enough [[gravity assist|gravity]] to pull on the Earth.<ref>{{cite journal | first=D. G. | last=Korycansky |author2=Laughlin, Gregory|author3= Adams, Fred C. | date=2001 |
title=Astronomical engineering: a strategy for modifying planetary orbits | doi=10.1023/A:1002790227314 | journal=Astrophysics and Space Science | id=Astrophys.Space Sci.275:349-366,2001 | volume=275 | issue=4 | pages=349–366 | hdl=2027.42/41972 | bibcode=2001Ap&SS.275..349K | arxiv=astro-ph/0102126 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Korycansky|first=D. G.|title=Astroengi(contracted; show full) last1=Brownlee | first1=Donald E. | date=2010 | chapter=Planetary habitability on astronomical time scales | title=Heliophysics: Evolving Solar Activity and the Climates of Space and Earth | editor1-first=Carolus J. | editor1-last=Schrijver | editor2-first=George L. | editor2-last=Siscoe | chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M8NwTYEl0ngC&pg=PA79 | publisher=Cambridge University Press | isbn=978-0-521-11294-9 | ref=harv }}

{{Time topics}}
{{Millennia}}

[[Category:Time]]
[[Category:Science]]