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{{Infobox settlement
|name =Aguascalientes
|official_name = ''Ciudad de Aguascalientes''<br />City of Aguascalientes
|settlement_type =[[City]]
|native_name =  
|nickname = {{Lang-es|Ciudad de la gente buena}}<br/><small>({{Lang-en|City of the good people}})</small>
|motto = {{lang-la|Virtus in Aquis, Fidelitas in Pectoribus}}<br/><small>({{Lang-en|Virtue in the Water, Fidelity in the Heart}})</small>
|image_skyline = AGUASCALIENTES CITY.jpg
|imagesize =  
|image_caption =Clockwise from top: San Antonio de Padua Church, La Exedra, Aguascalientes Theatre, Cerro del Muerto, Plaza Bosques Tower, and the San Marcos Park.
|image_flag =Flag of Aguascalientes.svg
|image_seal =  
|image_shield = Escudo aguascalientes.PNG
|image_map = Aguascalientes, AG.svg
|mapsize = 220px
|map_caption = Location of Aguascalientes within the state
|image_map1 = Mexico map, MX-AGU.svg
|mapsize1 =  
|map_caption1 = Location of the state of [[Aguascalientes]]
|subdivision_type = [[Countries of the world|Country]]
|subdivision_name = {{flagicon|Mexico}} [[Mexico]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[States of Mexico|State]]
|subdivision_name1 = {{flagicon|Aguascalientes}} [[Aguascalientes]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Municipalities of Mexico|Municipality]]
|subdivision_name2 = Aguascalientes
|government_type =  
|leader_title = [[Municipal president|Mayor]]
|leader_name = [[María Teresa Jiménez Esquivel]]  
|leader_title1 = <!-- Presidente Municipal -->
|leader_name1 =  
|leader_title2 =
|leader_name2 =
|leader_title3 =
|leader_name3 =  
|established_title = Founded
|established_date = October 22, 1575
|established_title2 = Founded as
|established_date2 = ''Villa de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de las Aguas Calientes''
|established_title3 =  
|established_date3 =  
|founder = Juan de Montoro Rodríguez<br/>Jerónimo de Orozco
|area_magnitude =  
|area_total_km2 = 385
|area_total_sq_mi =  
|area_land_km2 =  
|area_land_sq_mi =  
|area_water_km2 =  
|area_water_sq_mi =  
|area_water_percent =  
|area_urban_km2 =  
|area_urban_sq_mi =  
|area_metro_km2 =  
|area_metro_sq_mi =  
|population_as_of = 2012
|population_note =  
|population_total = 934424
|population_density_km2 = auto
|population_density_sq_mi =  
|population_metro = 1225432
|population_density_metro_km2 = auto
|population_density_metro_sq_mi =
|population_urban =  
|population_demonyms = hidrocálido, aguascalentense
|timezone = [[Central Standard Time|CST]]
|utc_offset = −6
|timezone_DST = [[Central Daylight Time|CDT]]
|utc_offset_DST = −5
|coordinates = {{coord|21|52|33.6|N|102|17|45.6|W|display=inline,title}}
|elevation_m = 1888
|elevation_ft =  
|postal_code_type = Postal code
|postal_code = 20000-20999
|area_code = 449
|blank_name = [[Mexican Federal Highway|Federal Routes]]
|blank_info = [[File:Carretera federal 45.svg|20px|link=Mexican Federal Highway 45]] [[File:Carretera federal 70.svg|20px|link=Mexican Federal Highway 70]]
|website = http://www.ags.gob.mx
|footnotes =  
}}

'''Aguascalientes''' ({{IPA-es|ˌaɣwaskaˈljentes|-|Aguascalientes.ogg}}) is the capital of the state of [[Aguascalientes]] and is its most populous city, with a [[Metropolitan area|metropolitan]] population of 1,000,000.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lja.mx/2012/08/en-estos-dias-aguascalientes-llegara-al-millon-de-habitantes/|title=En estos días Aguascalientes llegará al millón de habitantes - La Jornada Aguascalientes (LJA.mx)|author=Javier Rodríguez Lozano|work=La J(contracted; show full)ptember 2014}}</ref> Aguascalientes is experiencing an ongoing social, economic, and aesthetic revitalization process.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lja.mx/2012/08/linea-verde-contara-con-servicios-digitales/|title=Línea Verde contará con servicios digitales |work=La Jornada Aguascalientes |access-date=7 September 2014}}</ref> Aguascalientes has a population which includes [[Japanese people|Japanese]], [[Koreans]], and [[Germans]].

It stands on the banks of the Aguascalientes river, 1880
  &nbsp;meters above sea level, at {{coord|21|51|N|102|18|W|}}. It is the municipal seat for the '''Aguascalientes Municipality'''. The Aguascalientes metropolitan area includes the municipality of [[Jesús María, Aguascalientes|Jesús María]] and [[San Francisco de los Romo]]. It was a [[Chichimeca]] Indian territory. It later blossomed as a strategic link between Mexico City and the mines of [[Zacatecas]], while prosperous agriculture and ranching helped feed Spain's emerging New World cities.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.visitmexico.com/en-us/aguascalientes|title=Aguascalientes, traditional city in Mexico|publisher=Visitmexico.com|access-date=7 September 2014}}</ref>

[[OECD]] has recognized Aguascalientes as having a good business climate.<ref name="aguascalientes.gob.mx">{{Ccite web |url=http://www.aguascalientes.gob.mx/temas/inversiones/ventajas/Presentacion_ing.pdf |title=Archived copy |access-date=2020-02-26 |archive-date=2020-03-09 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200309015903/http://www.aguascalientes.gob.mx/404.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is a strong business and economic center in the [[Bajío]] region.<ref name="desdelared.com.mx">{{cite web|url=http://www.desdelared.com.mx/noticias/2012/2-gobierno/0813-oferta-feriaempleo-0351109874.(contracted; show full)

==History==
{{see also|Timeline of Aguascalientes City}}
[[File:Nebel Voyage 22 Aguas Calientes.jpg|thumb|Aguascalientes ca. 1836, by [[Carl Nebel]]]]
The city of Aguascalientes was founded on October 22, 1575, by Juan de Montoro as a postal service rest stop between the cities of [[Zacatecas, Zacatecas|Zacatecas]] and [[Mexico City]], though it is known that the site already featured a small population by the time it was granted an official status.<ref>{{
Ccite web|url=http://www.aguascalientes.gob.mx/estado/fundacion.aspx |title=Fundación de Aguascalientes |access-date=February 23, 2016 |publisher=Gobierno del Estado de Aguascalientes |last=Díaz Márquez |first=Ilse |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311225938/http://aguascalientes.gob.mx/estado/fundacion.aspx |archive-date=March 11, 2016 }}</ref> Although its founders did not envision it becoming a major city, it became the capital of the newly formed state of the same name when its territory separated from the adjacent state of Zacatecas in 1835. When the state separated from Zacatecas, Aguascalientes raced ahead in its development, while the state of Zacatecas remained behind in comparison.

The historical center of Aguascalientes was born out of four distinct neighborhoods. The oldest of these is the ''Barrio del Encino'', which is technically older than Aguascalientes proper. Founded in 1565 by the Andalusian Hernán González Berrocal, the neighborhood was originally named ''Triana'' after the [[Triana, Seville|neighborhood]] in Seville, Spain. The ''Barrio del Encino'' is home to the baroque-style ''Templo del Señor del Encino'', a Catholic temple built between 1773 and 1796.<ref>{{Ccite web|url = http://www.ags.gob.mx/cont.aspx?p=162|title = Barrio del Encino (Barrio de Triana)|access-date = 23 February 2016|publisher = Gobierno del Estado de Aguascalientes}}</ref> The ''Cristo Negro del Encino'' ("Black Christ of the live oak"), is a widely venerated religious icon symbolic of this neighborhood. The colonial square and the [[José Guadalupe Posada Museum]], adjacent to the temple, are one of the main attractions in the city.

(contracted; show full)es near the cemetery, and others took advantage of the open land to establish orchards. Though the orchards began to disappear during the early 20th century, clues as to the neighborhood's roots still remain. First of all, the fact that property lines generally followed irrigation ditches can still be seen in the neighborhood's haphazard street grids today. Second, the neighborhood's working-class character is visible in its primarily single-story homes featuring simple façades.<ref>{{
Ccite web|url=http://www.spanishlearnercentral.com/historical-neighborhoods-aguascalientes-mexico/|title=The Four Historical Neighborhoods of Aguascalientes|last=Dobrowolski|first=Jim|date=February 2, 2017|website=Spanish Learner Central|access-date=23 February 2016|archive-date=26 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226032936/http://www.spanishlearnercentral.com/historical-neighborhoods-aguascalientes-mexico/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

A fifth neighborhood, the ''Barrio de la Estación'', is often grouped in with the city's original neighborhoods.<ref>{{Ccite web|title = Barrios de Aguascalientes, México {{!}} VisitMexico|url = http://www.visitmexico.com/es/barrios-de-aguascalientes|website = www.visitmexico.com|access-date = 2016-02-24|url-status = dead|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160304021822/http://www.visitmexico.com/es/barrios-de-aguascalientes|archive-date = 2016-03-04}}</ref> However, this neighborhood is considerably more modern, with much of its development dating from the final decades of the 19th century or later.<ref>{{Ccite web|url = http://www.ags.gob.mx/cont.aspx?p=164|title = Barrio de la Estación|access-date = 24 February 2016|publisher = Gobierno del Estado de Aguascalientes}}</ref> Therefore, despite its important role in the history of Aguascalientes, it's not strictly accurate to consider the ''Barrio de la Estación'' one of the city's original historical neighborhoods.

==Climate==
Under the [[Köppen climate classification]], Aguascalientes has a [[semi-arid climate]] (Köppen BSh). Most of the precipitation is concentrated from June to September.
{{Weather box
|location = Aguascalientes (1951–2010)
|single line = Yes
|metric first = Yes
|temperature colour=  
|Jan record high C = 29.5
|Feb record high C = 32.0
|Mar record high C = 34.0
|Apr record high C = 36.5
|May record high C = 39.5
|Jun record high C = 40.0
|Jul record high C = 36.0
(contracted; show full)|Jul humidity = 66
|Aug humidity = 68
|Sep humidity = 68
|Oct humidity = 65
|Nov humidity = 60
|Dec humidity = 62
|year humidity = 58
|unit rain days= 0.1
  &nbsp;mm
|Jan rain days = 2.4
|Feb rain days = 1.5
|Mar rain days = 1.0
|Apr rain days = 1.6
|May rain days = 3.6
|Jun rain days = 9.7
|Jul rain days = 13.5
|Aug rain days = 13.2
|Sep rain days = 9.5
|Oct rain days = 4.9
|Nov rain days = 1.6
|Dec rain days = 2.2
|Jan sun = 237.6
|Feb sun = 238.1
|Mar sun = 257.9
|Apr sun = 249.6
|May sun = 270.4
|Jun sun = 227.0
|Jul sun = 223.6
|Aug sun = 231.8
|Sep sun = 198.9
|Oct sun = 231.2
|Nov sun = 245.6
|Dec sun = 213.2
|year sun =  
|source 1= Servicio Meteorologico Nacional<ref name="SMN">[http://smn.cna.gob.mx/climatologia/Normales5110/NORMAL01030.TXT NORMALES CLIMATOLÓGICAS 1951-2010] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224105314/http://smn.cna.gob.mx/climatologia/Normales5110/NORMAL01030.TXT |date=2013-12-24 }} (in Spanish). National Meteorological Service of Mexico. Retrieved August 30, 2012.</ref>
|source 2 = Colegio de Postgraduados (sun and humidity)<ref name="clima">{{cite web
  |url=http://www.cm.colpos.mx/meteoro/progde/norm/norm24/33003.htm
  |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130219030916/http://www.cm.colpos.mx/meteoro/progde/norm/norm24/33003.htm
  |url-status=dead
  |archive-date=February 19, 2013
  |title=Normales climatológicas para Aguascalientes, AGS ⏎
  ⏎
 ⏎
⏎
|publisher=Colegio de Postgraduados ⏎
  ⏎
 ⏎
⏎
|language=es ⏎
  ⏎
 ⏎
⏎
|access-date=January 5, 2013  
}}</ref>
|date=November 2011
}}

==Etymology==
[[File:Aguascalientes City seen from a flight at night.jpg|left|thumb|245x245px|Aguascalientes City seen from a flight at night]]
The name originates from the Spanish words ''aguas calientes'', meaning "hot waters" although a more accurate translation is "hot springs", part of the original name of ''Villa de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción de las Aguas Calientes'' (Village of our Lady of Assumption of the Hot Springs). When the city was first settled by Juan de Montoro and twelve families, it was given this name for its abundance of [[hot springs]]. These thermal features are still in demand in the city's numerous spas and even exploited for domestic use. People from Aguascalientes (both the city and the state) are known by the whimsical [[Spanish (language)|Spanish]] [[demonym]] ''hidrocálidos'' or "hydrothermal" people.

==Modern day==
[[File:Dextra Technologies.JPG|thumb|217x217px|A software development company on the north side of the city]]
Aguascalientes today identifies itself as at the confluence of tradition and industry. Its preserved colonial downtown testifies to its rich architectural heritage and cultural vision. On the other hand, the precisely planned peripheral expressways, as well as its first class avenues and lanes, are surrounded with industrial parks that employ thousands of people. The state reports a high index of migrants, especially from other states, seeking to acquire a better quality of life.
[[File:Bajío Norponiente mapa.png|thumb|480px|[[Bajío Occidental]] (West Bajio).]]

==Demographics==
As of 2010, the city of Aguascalientes proper had a population of 797,010. The two other municipalities considered parts of the Aguascalientes metropolitan area are Jesús María and San Francisco de los Romo; they had populations of 99,590 and 35,769, respectively. As such, the Aguascalientes metropolitan area had a total population of 932,369.<ref>{{Ccite web|title = Número de habitantes. Aguascalientes|url = http://cuentame.inegi.org.mx/monografias/informacion/ags/poblacion/default.aspx?tema=me&e=01|website = cuentame.inegi.org.mx|access-date = 2016-02-23}}</ref>

According to the latest census by the [[National Institute of Statistics, Geography, and Data Processing]] (INEGI), Aguascalientes City was the 13th largest metropolitan area by population in the country. It is one of the fastest-growing cities in Mexico.

==Quality of life==
(contracted; show full)

Aguascalientes is home to two large [[Nissan]] manufacturing plants, including the most important outside of Japan. Among other models of cars, they manufacture the [[Nissan Sentra|Sentra]] and the [[Nissan Versa|Versa]]. The Aguascalientes plants are responsible for the majority of Mexico's overall annual production of 850,000 Nissan automobiles.<ref>{{
Ccite web|title = NISSAN {{!}} NISSAN INAUGURATES ALL-NEW AGUASCALIENTES, MEXICO PLANT, BUILDING ON A REPUTATION FOR QUALITY AND EFFICIENCY|url = http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/NEWS/2013/_STORY/131113-01-e.html|website = www.nissan-global.com|access-date = 2016-02-23|first = NISSAN MOTOR Co.|last = Ltd.|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20151026074222/http://www.nissan-global.com/EN/NEWS/2013/_STORY/131113-01-e.html|archive-date = 2015-10-26|url-status = dead}}</ref> Due to their presence, the (contracted; show full)

As of 2013, the city contains 59 primary schools and 13 junior high schools.<ref>"[http://www.lja.mx/2013/10/visita-a-la-escuela-japonesa-de-aguascalientes/ Visita a la Escuela Japonesa de Aguascalientes]" (
[{{cite web| url = http://www.lja.mx/2013/10/visita-a-la-escuela-japonesa-de-aguascalientes/ | title = Archive |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20140512231231/http://www.lja.mx/2013/10/visita-a-la-escuela-japonesa-de-aguascalientes/ A|archive]date = 2014-05-12 }}). ''[[La Jornada Aguascalientes]]''. Retrieved on October 1, 2013.</ref>

==Transport==
===Cycling===
Aguascalientes is known as one of the most bicycle-friendly cities in Mexico. The municipality is also developing a system of interconnected green bicycle routes, greenways, the aim being to facilitate fast, safe, and pleasant bicycle transport from one end of the city to the other.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lja.mx/2012/08/se-implementara-en-aguascalientes-el-proyecto-de(contracted; show full)my. The rail factories supplied with railways and locomotives to whole of Mexico and Central America. The Train Station is also historic due to its unusual (for Mexico) English architectural style. The Alameda avenue, the railway hangars, the factory complexes, and its surrounding housing have been proposed to be placed in the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

==Media==
===Radio===
Metroaguascalientes was one of the radio stations for the city of Aguascalientes.<ref name="Metroradio">{{
Ccite episode |title= Noticias_locales_del_09_de_febrero_de_2007|url=https://archive.org/details/Noticias_locales_del_09_de_febrero_de_2007&autoplay=1&playset=1 |access-date= February 2, 2019|first=Jose Antonio |last= Zapato Cabral|station= METROAguascalientes |series= noticiero |date= February 9, 2007|language=es}}</ref>

==Notable residents==
[[File:William Yarbrough at Walter Reed 150903-D-FW736-009 (cropped).jpg|thumbnail|Mexican-born soccer player William Yarbrough]]
*  [[William Yarbrough]], Mexican-born American soccer player who plays for [[Liga MX]] club [[León, Guanajuato|León]] and the [[United States national team]]
*  [[Wendolly Esparza]], American-born Mexican television personality best known for winning Miss Mexico 2014 and placing top 15 in [[Miss Universe]] 2015.
*  [[José María Bocanegra]], lawyer, interim [[President of Mexico]] in December 1829, minister in the national government 1833-44
*  [[Manuel M. Ponce]], musician
*  [[José Guadalupe Posada]], artist
*  [[Guillermo Ulises Ruiz-Esparza]], Physician and Scientist in the field of Medical Nanotechnology.  
*  [[Saturnino Herrán]], artist
*  [[Jose Antonio Zapata Cabral]], journalist
*  [[Yadhira Carrillo]], [[telenovela]] actress
*  [[Ernesto Alonso]], [[telenovela]] director/actor
*  [[Jaime Humberto Hermosillo]], film director
*  [[José María Napoleón]], singer/composer
*  [[Luis Gerardo Méndez]], actor
*  [[Violeta Retamoza]], golfer
*  [[Gabriela Palacio]], beauty pageant titleholder
*  [[Karina González]], beauty pageant titleholder

==Sports==
===Soccer===
'''Club de Fútbol [[Gallos Hidrocálidos de Aguascalientes]]''' was a [[Association football|football]] club from [[Aguascalientes]], [[Mexico]].

(contracted; show full)
==Bibliography==
{{See also|Timeline of Aguascalientes City#Bibliography|l1=Bibliography of the history of Aguascalientes City}}

==Other websites==
{{commons category|Aguascalientes Municipality}}
{{wikivoyage|Aguascalientes}}
{{Portal
 box|Mexico}}
*[ {{cite web| url = http://www.muniags.gob.mx/ | title = Municipal website |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20081014004141/http://www.muniags.gob.mx/ Municipal website]|archivedate = 2014-05-12 }}
*  [http://www.aguascalientesmexico.info Fotos, Mensajes, y Mas de Aguascalientes]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20130406130712/ {{cite web| url = http://www.inegi.gob.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/sistemas/conteo2005/localidad/iter/ | title = Link to tables of population data from Census of 2005] |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20130406130712/http://www.inegi.gob.mx/est/contenidos/espanol/sistemas/conteo2005/localidad/iter/ |archivedate = 2014-05-12 }} INEGI: Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática

[[Category:Cities in Mexico]]